DROBETA-TURNU SEVERIN

'Drobeta-Turnu Severin' (pronunciation: , Hungarian: ''Szörényvár'', Serbian: ''Дробета-Турну Северин'') is a city in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania, on the left bank of the Danube, below the Iron Gates.

Contents

Population

History

Natives

Notes

Sources and references

Population

★ 1900: 18,628

★ 2002: 104,557

History

The city, which was originally called ''Drobetae'' by the Romans, took its later name of ''Turnu Severin'', or ''the Northern Tower'', from a tower on the north bank of the Danube built by the Byzantines, which stood on a small hill surrounded by a deep moat. This was built to commemorate a victory over the Gauls and Marcomanni by the Roman emperor Septimius Severus (222-235). Near Turnu Severin are the remains of the celebrated Trajan's bridge, the largest in the Empire, built in 103 by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus. The Danube is about 1,200 metres (4,000 feet) broad at this spot. The bridge was composed of twenty arches supported by stone pillars; only two are still visible at low water.

After the retreat of the Roman administration from Dacia, the city was preserved under Roman occupation as a bridgehead on the north bank of the Danube (4th-6th centuries). Destroyed by Huns in the 5th century, it was rebuilt by Justinian I (527-565). It was in the Middle Ages that the city changed its name to ''Turnu Severin'' and became the political center of the Banat of Severin (13th century). The city was claimed and possessed first by the Kingdom of Hungary, which established a Roman Catholic bishopric in Severin, and circa 1330 by the Wallachian voivodes. It was seized by the Ottoman Empire in 1524. Once under Ottoman occupation, the territory's administration moved to the west of Oltenia, and was centered in Cerneţi.

After the Danube was freed from Ottoman control (as a consequence of the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829), it was decided to build the present city (in 1836, following a rigorous program), and then the harbor (1858). The building of some industrial factories spurred the redevelopment of the city. The city experienced growth on multiple levels (economic, urban and social), and in 1972 it received the name of ''Drobeta-Turnu Severin''. The first written document mentioning the city 1,870 years earlier was commemorated in 1992.

Natives

★ Gheorghe Anghel

★ Ion Biberi

★ Victor Daimaca

★ Ion Gigurtu

★ Alexandru Ioan Morţun

★ Mirel Rădoi

★ Petre Sergescu

★ Gheorghe Ţiţeica

★ Doru Viorel Ursu

Notes

1. National Institute of Statistics, Population of counties, municipalities and towns, July 1, 2004

Sources and references

(incomplete)

★ Westermann, ''Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte'' (in German)

★ Catholic Encyclopedia- Rumania
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