EDWARD OF PORTUGAL

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'Edward' KG (Portuguese: ''Duarte'', IPA pron. []; Viseu, 31 October 1391 – Tomar, 13 September 1438), called 'the Philosopher' or 'the Eloquent', was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt.
As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the ''Cortes'' (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.
The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.
In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.
Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises ''O Leal Conselheiro'' (The Loyal Counsellor) and as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Contents

Ancestors

Marriages and descendants

Ancestors

'Duarte's ancestors in three generations'

'Duarte of Portugal'	'Father:' John I of Portugal	'Father's father:' Peter I of Portugal	'Father's father's father:' Afonso IV of Portugal
			'Father's father's mother:' Beatrice of Castile
		'Father's mother:' Teresa Lourenço	'Father's mother's father:' Lourenço Martins
			'Father's mother's mother:' Sancha Martins
	'Mother:' Philippa of Lancaster	'Mother's father:' John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster	'Mother's father's father:' Edward III of England
			'Mother's father's mother:' Philippa of Hainault
		'Mother's mother:' Blanche of Lancaster	'Mother's mother's father:' Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
			'Mother's mother's mother:' Isabel de Beaumont

Marriages and descendants

Duarte married Eleanor of Aragon, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Leonor Urraca of Castile, in 1428.

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
'By Eleanor of Aragon (Queen of Portugal)' (c. 1402-February 19 1445); married on September 22 1428)
Infante João (John)	October 1429	b. August 14 1433	Crown Prince of Portugal (1429-1433).
Infanta Filipa (Philippa)	November 27 1430	March 24 1439
Prince Afonso	January 15 1432	August 28 1481	Who succeeded him as Afonso V, 12th King of Portugal.
Infanta Maria	December 7 1432	December 8 1432
Prince Fernando (Ferdinand)	November 17 1433	September 18 1470	Duke of Viseu. He was declared heir to his brother Afonso V for two brief periods, and therefore used the style of Prince instead of Infante. He was the father of future king Manuel I.
Infanta Leonor (Eleanor)	September 18 1434	September 3 1467	Holy Roman Empress by marriage to Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Infante Duarte (Edward)	July 12 1435	July 12 1435
Infanta Catarina (Catherine)	November 26 1436	June 17 1463
Infanta Joana (Joan)	March 31 1439	June 13 1475	Queen of Castile by marriage to King Henry IV of Castile.
'By Joana Manuel de Vilhena' (c. 1395-?)
João Manuel	c. 1416	1476	Natural son. Bishop of Guarda.