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EspañolEAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE
(Redirected from East Azarbaijan)
:''This article is about the Iranian province; for similar uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation).''
'East Azarbaijan' or 'East Azerbaijan' (Persian: آذربایجان شرقی, ''Āzārbāijān-e Sharqi''; Azeri: ''Şərqi Azərbaycan'') is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, bordering Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the provinces of Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, and Zanjan. Its capital is Tabriz.
The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 km². According to the latest divisions of the country in 1996, the counties of this province are: Ahar,ajabshir, Bostan Abad, Bonab, Tabriz, Jolfa, Sarab, Shabestar, Kaleybar, Maragha, Marand, Malekan, Miyana, Heris, and Hashtrood. The historical city of Tabriz is the most important city of this province, culturally, politically, economically and commercially. The province has common borders with the current Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nakhchivan. A fine network of roads and railways connect East Azarbaijan to other parts of Iran and also to neighboring countries.
The highest peak of East Azarbaijan is Sahand Mountain at 3,722 m of elevation, lying south of Tabriz, whereas the lower lying areas are around Garmadooz (Ahar). The heights of the province may be classified into three sectors, namely: the Qara Daq Mountains, the Sahand and Bozqoosh Mountains, and the Qaflan Kooh Mountains.
Generally speaking, East Azarbaijan enjoys a cool, dry climate, being in the main a mountainous region. But the gentle breezes off the Caspian Sea have some influence on the climate of the low-lying areas. Temperatures run up to 8.9 °C in Tabriz, and 20 °C in Maraqeh, in the winter dropping to -1 °C. The ideal seasons to visit this province are in the spring and summer months.
East Azarbaijan is one of the most archaic territories in Iran.
During the reign of Alexander of Macedon in Iran (331 BCE), a warrior known as Attorpat led a revolt in this area, then a territory of the Medes, and thereafter it was called ''Attorpatkan''. Since then this vicinity has been known as ''Azarabadegan'', ''Azarbadgan'' and ''Azarbayjan''.
Islamic researchers proclaim that the birth of the prophet Zoroaster was in this area, in the vicinity of Lake Orumieh (''Chichesht''), Konzak City. Needless to say, this province was subject to numerous political and economical upheavals, attracting the interest of foreigners. The Russians in particular have tried to exert a lasting influence in the region over the past 300 years, occupying the area on numerous occasions. The constitutionalist movement of Iran began here in the late 1800s.
Ethnic tensions in Azerbaijan can visibly trace their origins back to the colonialist policies of the Soviet Union and Imperial Russia. In a cable sent on July 6th 1945 by the ''Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union'', the local Soviet commander in Russian (northern) held Azerbaijan was instructed as such:
:''"Begin preparatory work to form a national autonomous Azerbaijan district with broad powers 'within the Iranian state' and simultaneously develop separatist movements in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, Gorgan, and Khorasan".''[1]
The most outstanding features from a cultural point of view are the language and folklore of this region. The language is Azari. According to Dehkhoda Dictionary, the language of Azarbaijan is originally "a branch of the Iranian languages known as Azari" (''see Ancient Azari language''). Apart from this, the province also boasts numerous learned scholars, gnostics, several national poets such as ''Mowlana Baba Mazeed'', ''Khajeh Abdol Raheem Aj Abadi'', ''Sheikh Hassan Bolqari'', and ''Abdolqader Nakhjavani'', to name a few, and the contemporary poet ''Ostad Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar''. The current leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei, also originally comes from this region.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization has registered 936 sites of historical significance in the province. Some are contemporary, and some are from the antiquity of ancient Persia. "Zahak Citadel", for example, is the name of an ancient ruin in East Azarbaijan, which according to various experts, was inhabited from the second millennium BC until the Timurid era. First excavated in the 1800s by British archeologists, Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization has been studying the structure in 6 phases.[1]
East Azarbaijan hails from a rich compendium of Azeri traditions. Many local dances and folk songs continue to survive among the various peoples of the province. As a longstanding province of Iran, Azarbaijan is mentioned favorably on many occasions in Persian literature by Iran's greatest authors and poets:
گزیده هر چه در ایران بزرگان
زآذربایگان و ری و گرگان
All the nobles and greats of Iran,
Choose from Azarbaijan, Ray, and Gorgan.
--''Vis o Ramin''
از آنجا بتدبیر آزادگان
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
From there the wise and the free,
set off to Azarbaijan
--''Nizami''
بیک ماه در آذرآبادگان
ببودند شاهان و آزادگان
For a month's time, The Kings and The Free,
Would choose in Azarbaijan to be
--''Ferdowsi''
★ Qatran Tabrizi, poet
★ Ahmad Kasravi, historian
★ Samad Behrangi
★ Sattar khan, revolutionary leader
★ Bagher khan, revolutionary leader
★ Gayk Bzhishkyan
★ Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh
★ Parvin E'tesami, poetess
★ Karim Bagheri, soccer star
★ Iraj Mirza, poet and politician
★ Maqsud Ali Tabrizi
★ Ivan Galamian
★ Hassan Roshdieh
★ Shams Tabrizi, mystic
★ Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation
★ Ali Salimi
★ Ali Soheili, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Mahmud Jam, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Mohammad Hossein Shahriar
★ Asadi Tusi is buried here
East Azarbaijan province is an industrial centre of Iran. East Azarbaijan province has over 5000 manufacturing units, of which at least 800 are industrial (6% percent of national total). The value of product from these units in 1997 totalled US$374 million (373 billion rials = 4.07% of the national total). Total investments were valued at US$2.7 billion (2.4513 trillion rials) in 1997.[1]
Some of the major industries include Azerr glass industries, Maraqeh paper manufacturing, Ahar Sungun copper and nepheline syenite, the Tabriz Oil Refinery and Petrochemical Complex, Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Co., Azarbaijan steel, foundry and auto-part manufacturing, food industries, leather and shoe industries, and the Tabriz Machine Manufacturing Co.
Tabriz also has an excellent position in the handicraft industry of Iran, having a large share in the exports of the province. Tabriz carpets are widely known around the world and in international markets for their vibrant designs and colors. Without exaggeration, Persian rugs owe their fame to the creative minds of the designers and the deft hands of the carpet weavers of East Azarbaijan.
At present there are about 66,000 carpet production units in the province, employing some 200,000 people. The annual production of these carpets is roughly 792,000 m², which comprises more than 70% of Iran's carpet exports. 35% of all Iranian carpets are produced in East Azarbaijan.
East Azarbaijan province is also one of the richest regions of Iran in natural minerals, with 180 mines in 1997, of which 121 units are currently in operation, and the rest are being planned.
UNESCO has two Biosphere reserves in East Azarbaijan province. One in Lake Urmia and the other at ''Arasbaran''.
East Azarbaijan also has some of Iran's best technical universities. The full list of major institutions are:
# Sahand University of Technology(WebSite)
# Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
# Tabriz University of Tarbiat Moallem
# University of Tabriz (website)
# Islamic Azad University of Bonab
# Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
# Islamic Azad University of Shabestar
# Islamic Azad University of Maragheh
# Islamic Azad University of Miyaneh
# Tabriz Islamic Arts University
# Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem, Azarshahr
# University College of Nabi Akram
★ Azerbaijan (Iran)
1. Decree of the CC CPSU Politburo to Mir Bagirov, CC Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, on "measures to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern Azerbaijan and Other Provinces of Northern Iran". Translation provided by The Cold War International History Project at The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
★ Official website of East Azarbaijan Governorship
★ Cultural Heritage Organization of East Azarbaijan
★ The Union for Handwoven Carpets of East Azarbaijan
★ Recent Photos from Azarbaijan
★ Arasbaran UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
★ Lake Urmia UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
★ East Azerbaijan Research Park net portal
★ Azerbaijan entries in the Encyclopædia Iranica
★ Bahram Moshiri's brief talk on Azarbaijan. [2]
[1]: According to the information released by the office of the provincial governor, linked above.
:''This article is about the Iranian province; for similar uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation).''
'East Azarbaijan' or 'East Azerbaijan' (Persian: آذربایجان شرقی, ''Āzārbāijān-e Sharqi''; Azeri: ''Şərqi Azərbaycan'') is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, bordering Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the provinces of Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, and Zanjan. Its capital is Tabriz.
| Contents |
| Geography |
| History |
| Administrative Divisions |
| Culture |
| Notables of East Azarbaijan |
| East Azarbaijan today |
| Colleges and universities |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
| Sources |
Geography
The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 km². According to the latest divisions of the country in 1996, the counties of this province are: Ahar,ajabshir, Bostan Abad, Bonab, Tabriz, Jolfa, Sarab, Shabestar, Kaleybar, Maragha, Marand, Malekan, Miyana, Heris, and Hashtrood. The historical city of Tabriz is the most important city of this province, culturally, politically, economically and commercially. The province has common borders with the current Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nakhchivan. A fine network of roads and railways connect East Azarbaijan to other parts of Iran and also to neighboring countries.
The highest peak of East Azarbaijan is Sahand Mountain at 3,722 m of elevation, lying south of Tabriz, whereas the lower lying areas are around Garmadooz (Ahar). The heights of the province may be classified into three sectors, namely: the Qara Daq Mountains, the Sahand and Bozqoosh Mountains, and the Qaflan Kooh Mountains.
Generally speaking, East Azarbaijan enjoys a cool, dry climate, being in the main a mountainous region. But the gentle breezes off the Caspian Sea have some influence on the climate of the low-lying areas. Temperatures run up to 8.9 °C in Tabriz, and 20 °C in Maraqeh, in the winter dropping to -1 °C. The ideal seasons to visit this province are in the spring and summer months.
History
East Azarbaijan is one of the most archaic territories in Iran.
During the reign of Alexander of Macedon in Iran (331 BCE), a warrior known as Attorpat led a revolt in this area, then a territory of the Medes, and thereafter it was called ''Attorpatkan''. Since then this vicinity has been known as ''Azarabadegan'', ''Azarbadgan'' and ''Azarbayjan''.
Islamic researchers proclaim that the birth of the prophet Zoroaster was in this area, in the vicinity of Lake Orumieh (''Chichesht''), Konzak City. Needless to say, this province was subject to numerous political and economical upheavals, attracting the interest of foreigners. The Russians in particular have tried to exert a lasting influence in the region over the past 300 years, occupying the area on numerous occasions. The constitutionalist movement of Iran began here in the late 1800s.
Ethnic tensions in Azerbaijan can visibly trace their origins back to the colonialist policies of the Soviet Union and Imperial Russia. In a cable sent on July 6th 1945 by the ''Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union'', the local Soviet commander in Russian (northern) held Azerbaijan was instructed as such:
:''"Begin preparatory work to form a national autonomous Azerbaijan district with broad powers 'within the Iranian state' and simultaneously develop separatist movements in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, Gorgan, and Khorasan".''[1]
Administrative Divisions
| Map | Abbreviation in map | County (Shahrestan) |
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| 'A' | Ahar | |
| 'B' | Bonab | |
| 'BA' | Bostan Abad | |
| 'H' | Haris | |
| 'HR' | Hashtrood | |
| 'K' | Kalibar | |
| 'Md' | Marand | |
| 'Mn' | Mianeh | |
| 'Mq' | Maraqeh | |
| 'S' | Sarab | |
| 'Sh' | Shabestar | |
| 'T' | Tabriz |
Culture
The most outstanding features from a cultural point of view are the language and folklore of this region. The language is Azari. According to Dehkhoda Dictionary, the language of Azarbaijan is originally "a branch of the Iranian languages known as Azari" (''see Ancient Azari language''). Apart from this, the province also boasts numerous learned scholars, gnostics, several national poets such as ''Mowlana Baba Mazeed'', ''Khajeh Abdol Raheem Aj Abadi'', ''Sheikh Hassan Bolqari'', and ''Abdolqader Nakhjavani'', to name a few, and the contemporary poet ''Ostad Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar''. The current leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei, also originally comes from this region.
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization has registered 936 sites of historical significance in the province. Some are contemporary, and some are from the antiquity of ancient Persia. "Zahak Citadel", for example, is the name of an ancient ruin in East Azarbaijan, which according to various experts, was inhabited from the second millennium BC until the Timurid era. First excavated in the 1800s by British archeologists, Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization has been studying the structure in 6 phases.[1]
East Azarbaijan hails from a rich compendium of Azeri traditions. Many local dances and folk songs continue to survive among the various peoples of the province. As a longstanding province of Iran, Azarbaijan is mentioned favorably on many occasions in Persian literature by Iran's greatest authors and poets:
گزیده هر چه در ایران بزرگان
زآذربایگان و ری و گرگان
All the nobles and greats of Iran,
Choose from Azarbaijan, Ray, and Gorgan.
--''Vis o Ramin''
از آنجا بتدبیر آزادگان
بیامد سوی آذرآبادگان
From there the wise and the free,
set off to Azarbaijan
--''Nizami''
بیک ماه در آذرآبادگان
ببودند شاهان و آزادگان
For a month's time, The Kings and The Free,
Would choose in Azarbaijan to be
--''Ferdowsi''
Notables of East Azarbaijan
★ Qatran Tabrizi, poet
★ Ahmad Kasravi, historian
★ Samad Behrangi
★ Sattar khan, revolutionary leader
★ Bagher khan, revolutionary leader
★ Gayk Bzhishkyan
★ Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh
★ Parvin E'tesami, poetess
★ Karim Bagheri, soccer star
★ Iraj Mirza, poet and politician
★ Maqsud Ali Tabrizi
★ Ivan Galamian
★ Hassan Roshdieh
★ Shams Tabrizi, mystic
★ Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation
★ Ali Salimi
★ Ali Soheili, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Mahmud Jam, Prime Minister of Iran
★ Mohammad Hossein Shahriar
★ Asadi Tusi is buried here
East Azarbaijan today
East Azarbaijan province is an industrial centre of Iran. East Azarbaijan province has over 5000 manufacturing units, of which at least 800 are industrial (6% percent of national total). The value of product from these units in 1997 totalled US$374 million (373 billion rials = 4.07% of the national total). Total investments were valued at US$2.7 billion (2.4513 trillion rials) in 1997.[1]
Some of the major industries include Azerr glass industries, Maraqeh paper manufacturing, Ahar Sungun copper and nepheline syenite, the Tabriz Oil Refinery and Petrochemical Complex, Tabriz Tractor Manufacturing Co., Azarbaijan steel, foundry and auto-part manufacturing, food industries, leather and shoe industries, and the Tabriz Machine Manufacturing Co.
Tabriz also has an excellent position in the handicraft industry of Iran, having a large share in the exports of the province. Tabriz carpets are widely known around the world and in international markets for their vibrant designs and colors. Without exaggeration, Persian rugs owe their fame to the creative minds of the designers and the deft hands of the carpet weavers of East Azarbaijan.
At present there are about 66,000 carpet production units in the province, employing some 200,000 people. The annual production of these carpets is roughly 792,000 m², which comprises more than 70% of Iran's carpet exports. 35% of all Iranian carpets are produced in East Azarbaijan.
East Azarbaijan province is also one of the richest regions of Iran in natural minerals, with 180 mines in 1997, of which 121 units are currently in operation, and the rest are being planned.
UNESCO has two Biosphere reserves in East Azarbaijan province. One in Lake Urmia and the other at ''Arasbaran''.
Colleges and universities
East Azarbaijan also has some of Iran's best technical universities. The full list of major institutions are:
# Sahand University of Technology(WebSite)
# Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
# Tabriz University of Tarbiat Moallem
# University of Tabriz (website)
# Islamic Azad University of Bonab
# Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
# Islamic Azad University of Shabestar
# Islamic Azad University of Maragheh
# Islamic Azad University of Miyaneh
# Tabriz Islamic Arts University
# Azarbaijan University of Tarbiat Moallem, Azarshahr
# University College of Nabi Akram
See also
★ Azerbaijan (Iran)
References
1. Decree of the CC CPSU Politburo to Mir Bagirov, CC Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, on "measures to Organize a Separatist Movement in Southern Azerbaijan and Other Provinces of Northern Iran". Translation provided by The Cold War International History Project at The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
External links
★ Official website of East Azarbaijan Governorship
★ Cultural Heritage Organization of East Azarbaijan
★ The Union for Handwoven Carpets of East Azarbaijan
★ Recent Photos from Azarbaijan
★ Arasbaran UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
★ Lake Urmia UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
★ East Azerbaijan Research Park net portal
★ Azerbaijan entries in the Encyclopædia Iranica
★ Bahram Moshiri's brief talk on Azarbaijan. [2]
Sources
[1]: According to the information released by the office of the provincial governor, linked above.
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