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The 'ectoderm' is the start of a tissue that covers the body surfaces. It emerges first and forms from the outermost of the germ layers.

Contents

What forms from it (general)?

What forms from it (vertebrates)?

Additional images

References

See also

What forms from it (general)?

★ Nervous system

★ Outer part of integument

What forms from it (vertebrates)?

In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm, the neural crest, and neural tube. The latter two are known as neuroectoderm.
The external ectoderm forms the following structures:

★ skin (along with glands, hair, nail (anatomy))

★ epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity

★ enamel (in teeth) - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm (specifically neural crest cells and travels with mesenchmyal cells)

★ Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands

★ lens and cornea of the eye

★ Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo.

★ Sensory receptors in epidermis

Additional images

References

★ Evers, Christine A., Lisa Starr. ''Biology:Concepts and Applications.'' 6th ed. United States:Thomson, 2006. ISBN 0-534-46224-3.

★ Brand R. W. ''Anatomy of Orofacial Structures.'' 7th ed. United States:Mosby, 2003. ISBN 0-323-01954-4

See also