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:''This page refers to the Eddur, poems and tales of Norse Mythology. For Edda, the ancestress of serfs in the Rígsthula, see Ríg. For the Hungarian rock group, see Edda művek.''
The term 'Edda' (Plural: 'Eddas' or Icelandic plural: 'Eddur') applies to the Old Norse ''Poetic Edda'' and ''Prose Edda'', both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century, although some of the poems included in them may be centuries older.
There are a number of theories concerning the origins of the word ''edda''. One theory holds that it is identical to the word that seems to mean "great-grandmother". (See 'Ríg'.) Another theory holds that edda derives from Old Norse ''óðr'', "poetry." A third is that it means "the book of Oddi", Oddi being the place where Snorri Sturluson was educated.
Main articles: Poetic Edda
The 'Poetic Edda', also known as Sæmundar Edda or the Elder Edda, is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius ('The King's Manuscript'). Along with Snorri's Edda the Poetic Edda is the most important source we have on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends. The first part of the Codex Regius preserves poems that narrate the creation and destruction of the Old Norse mythological world as well as individual myths about gods such as Odin, Loki and Thor. The poems in the second part narrate legends about heroes and heroines such as Sigurd the Dragonslayer, Brynhildr and Gunnar.
The Codex Regius was written down in the 13th century but nothing is known of its whereabouts until 1643 when it came into the possession of Brynjólfur Sveinsson, then Bishop of Skálholt. At that time versions of Snorri's Edda were well known in Iceland but scholars speculated that there once was another Edda - an 'Elder Edda' - which contained the pagan poems Snorri quotes in his book. When the Codex Regius was discovered it seemed that this speculation had proven correct. Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest. While this attribution is rejected by modern scholars the name 'Sæmundar Edda' is still sometimes encountered.
Bishop Brynjólfur sent the Codex Regius as a present to the Danish king, hence the name. For centuries it was stored in the Royal Library in Copenhagen but in 1971 it was returned to Iceland.
Main articles: Prose Edda
The Younger Edda, known also as the Prose Edda or Snorri's Edda is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories. Its purpose was to enable Icelandic poets and readers to understand the subtleties of alliterative verse, and to grasp the mythological allusions behind the many ''kennings'' that were used in skaldic poetry.
It was written by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around 1220. It survives in seven main manuscripts, written down from about 1300 to about 1600.
The Prose Edda consists of a Prologue and three separate books: the Gylfaginning, concerning the gods' creation and destruction, the Skáldskaparmál, a dialogue between Ægir, the god of the sea and Bragi, the god of poetry, and the Háttatal, a demonstration of verse forms used in Norse mythology.
★ The Elder Edda, Bellows translation at sacred-texts.com
★ The Younger Edda, Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur translation at sacred-texts.com
★ The Elder Eddur and Younger Eddur, Eng. trans. by I. A. Blackwell, 1906 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)''
★ Prose Edda in Old Norse
★ Prose Edda in English
★ Poetic Edda in Old Norse
★ Poetic Edda in English
The term 'Edda' (Plural: 'Eddas' or Icelandic plural: 'Eddur') applies to the Old Norse ''Poetic Edda'' and ''Prose Edda'', both of which were written down in Iceland during the 13th century, although some of the poems included in them may be centuries older.
| Contents |
| Etymology |
| The Poetic Edda |
| The Prose Edda |
| External links |
Etymology
There are a number of theories concerning the origins of the word ''edda''. One theory holds that it is identical to the word that seems to mean "great-grandmother". (See 'Ríg'.) Another theory holds that edda derives from Old Norse ''óðr'', "poetry." A third is that it means "the book of Oddi", Oddi being the place where Snorri Sturluson was educated.
The Poetic Edda
Main articles: Poetic Edda
The 'Poetic Edda', also known as Sæmundar Edda or the Elder Edda, is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius ('The King's Manuscript'). Along with Snorri's Edda the Poetic Edda is the most important source we have on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends. The first part of the Codex Regius preserves poems that narrate the creation and destruction of the Old Norse mythological world as well as individual myths about gods such as Odin, Loki and Thor. The poems in the second part narrate legends about heroes and heroines such as Sigurd the Dragonslayer, Brynhildr and Gunnar.
The Codex Regius was written down in the 13th century but nothing is known of its whereabouts until 1643 when it came into the possession of Brynjólfur Sveinsson, then Bishop of Skálholt. At that time versions of Snorri's Edda were well known in Iceland but scholars speculated that there once was another Edda - an 'Elder Edda' - which contained the pagan poems Snorri quotes in his book. When the Codex Regius was discovered it seemed that this speculation had proven correct. Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest. While this attribution is rejected by modern scholars the name 'Sæmundar Edda' is still sometimes encountered.
Bishop Brynjólfur sent the Codex Regius as a present to the Danish king, hence the name. For centuries it was stored in the Royal Library in Copenhagen but in 1971 it was returned to Iceland.
The Prose Edda
Main articles: Prose Edda
The Younger Edda, known also as the Prose Edda or Snorri's Edda is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories. Its purpose was to enable Icelandic poets and readers to understand the subtleties of alliterative verse, and to grasp the mythological allusions behind the many ''kennings'' that were used in skaldic poetry.
It was written by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around 1220. It survives in seven main manuscripts, written down from about 1300 to about 1600.
The Prose Edda consists of a Prologue and three separate books: the Gylfaginning, concerning the gods' creation and destruction, the Skáldskaparmál, a dialogue between Ægir, the god of the sea and Bragi, the god of poetry, and the Háttatal, a demonstration of verse forms used in Norse mythology.
External links
★ The Elder Edda, Bellows translation at sacred-texts.com
★ The Younger Edda, Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur translation at sacred-texts.com
★ The Elder Eddur and Younger Eddur, Eng. trans. by I. A. Blackwell, 1906 ''(a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)''
★ Prose Edda in Old Norse
★ Prose Edda in English
★ Poetic Edda in Old Norse
★ Poetic Edda in English
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