EMPEROR TAKAKURA
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'Emperor Takakura' (高倉天皇 ''Takakura-tennÅ'') (September 23, 1161 – January 30, 1181) was the '80th' emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from March 30, 1168 to March 18, 1180. His personal name was Norihito (憲ä»).
Takakura was the fourth son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa, and thus uncle to his predecessor, Emperor RokujÅ. His mother was Empress Dowager Taira no Shigeko, the younger sister of Taira no Tokiko, the wife of Taira no Kiyomori. His empress consort was Taira no Tokuko (later Empress Dowager Kenrei), the daughter of Taira no Kiyomori, and thus his first cousin (as his mother and Tokuko's mothers were sisters).
★ Empress consort: Taira no Tokuko (平徳å)
★
★ Imperial Prince Tokihito (言ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Antoku)
★ BÅmon ShÅkushi (åŠé–€ç¨™å)
★
★ Fourth son: Imperial Prince Takahira (å°Šæˆè¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Go-Toba
★ Shichijo-in Tanako (質所店å）
★
★ Second son: Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) - later Go-Takakura-in (後高倉院)
★
★
★ Third son: Imperial Prince Yutahito (茂ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Go-Horikawa
Government affairs were controlled by his father, the ex-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, reigning as cloistered Emperor, and his father-in-law, Taira no Kiyomori, who reigned as ''de facto'' regent.
★ '''JÅan 2''', 10th day of the 2nd month (1172): Taira Kiyomori’s daughter, Tokuko, becomes Emperor Takakura’s consort.[1]
★ '''JishÅ gannen''' or '''JishÅ 1''', on the 28th day of the 4th month (1177): A great fire in the capital was spread by high winds; and the palace was reduced to cinders.[2]
★ '''JishÅ 2''', on the 12th day of the 11th month (1178): Takakura's consort, Taira-no Tokuko, gave birth to a son. Kiyuomori, the father of the empress, rejoiced; and all the officers of the court congratulated the parents. In the next month, this infant was declared heir to Emperor Takakura.[3]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 21st day of the 2nd month (1180): Emperor Takakura abdicates.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 22nd day of the 4th month (1180): Emperor Antoku’s cornonation ceremony.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 2nd day of the 6th month (1180): Former-emperor Go-Shirakawa-in, former-emperor Takakura-in and Emperor Antoku leave Kyoto for Fukuhara.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 26th day of the 11th month (1180): The capital is moved back to Kyoto from Fukuhara.[7]
★ '''Jisho 4''' (1180): A devastating whirlwind causes havoc in Heian-kyo, the capital.[8]
★ '''Jisho 5''', 14th day of the 1st month (1181): Emperor Takakura dies.[4]
Soon after the birth of Takakura's son, Imperial Prince Tokihito, the emperor was pressured to abdicate in favor of that newborn son. The one-year-old infant became Emperor Antoku.
''KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tadakura's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★ ''SesshÅ'', Matsu Motofusa, 1144-1230.[10]
★ ''Kampaku'', Konoe Motomichi, 1160-1233.[11]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara Tadamasa.[11]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara Moronaga, 1137-1192.[11]
★ ''Sadaijin'', ÅŒimikado Tsunemune, 1119-1189.[11]
★ ''Udaijin'', KujÅ Kanezane, 1149-1207.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Konoe Motomichi.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Minamoto Masamichi, d. 1175.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Taira Shigemori, 1138-1179.[18]
The years of Takakura's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.
★ ''Nin'an'' (1166-1169)
★ ''KaÅ'' (1169-1171)
★ ''JÅan'' (1171-1175)
★ ''Angen'' (1175-1177)
★ ''JishÅ'' (1177-1181)
1. Kitagawa, H. (1975). ''The Tale of the Heike,'' p. 783.
2. Titsingh, I. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' p. 198.
3. Titsingh, p. 199.
4. Kitagawa, p. 784.
5. Kitagawa, p. 784.
6. Kitagawa, p. 784.
7. Kitagawa, p. 785.
8. Kamo no ChÅmei. (1212). ''HÅjÅki.''
9. Kitagawa, p. 784.
10. Brown, Delmer. (1979). '' GukanshÅ,'' p. 331.
11. Brown, p. 331.
12. Brown, p. 331.
13. Brown, p. 331.
14. Brown, p. 331.
15. Brown, p. 331.
16. Brown, p. 331.
17. Brown, p. 331.
18. Brown, p. 332.
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.--''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chitafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
| Contents |
| Genealogy |
| Events of Takakura''-tennÅ's life |
| ''KugyÅ'' |
| Eras of Takakura''-tennÅ's reign |
| References |
Genealogy
Takakura was the fourth son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa, and thus uncle to his predecessor, Emperor RokujÅ. His mother was Empress Dowager Taira no Shigeko, the younger sister of Taira no Tokiko, the wife of Taira no Kiyomori. His empress consort was Taira no Tokuko (later Empress Dowager Kenrei), the daughter of Taira no Kiyomori, and thus his first cousin (as his mother and Tokuko's mothers were sisters).
★ Empress consort: Taira no Tokuko (平徳å)
★
★ Imperial Prince Tokihito (言ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Antoku)
★ BÅmon ShÅkushi (åŠé–€ç¨™å)
★
★ Fourth son: Imperial Prince Takahira (å°Šæˆè¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Go-Toba
★ Shichijo-in Tanako (質所店å）
★
★ Second son: Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) - later Go-Takakura-in (後高倉院)
★
★
★ Third son: Imperial Prince Yutahito (茂ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) - later Emperor Go-Horikawa
Events of Takakura''-tennÅ's life
Government affairs were controlled by his father, the ex-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, reigning as cloistered Emperor, and his father-in-law, Taira no Kiyomori, who reigned as ''de facto'' regent.
★ '''JÅan 2''', 10th day of the 2nd month (1172): Taira Kiyomori’s daughter, Tokuko, becomes Emperor Takakura’s consort.[1]
★ '''JishÅ gannen''' or '''JishÅ 1''', on the 28th day of the 4th month (1177): A great fire in the capital was spread by high winds; and the palace was reduced to cinders.[2]
★ '''JishÅ 2''', on the 12th day of the 11th month (1178): Takakura's consort, Taira-no Tokuko, gave birth to a son. Kiyuomori, the father of the empress, rejoiced; and all the officers of the court congratulated the parents. In the next month, this infant was declared heir to Emperor Takakura.[3]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 21st day of the 2nd month (1180): Emperor Takakura abdicates.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 22nd day of the 4th month (1180): Emperor Antoku’s cornonation ceremony.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 2nd day of the 6th month (1180): Former-emperor Go-Shirakawa-in, former-emperor Takakura-in and Emperor Antoku leave Kyoto for Fukuhara.[4]
★ '''Jisho 4''', 26th day of the 11th month (1180): The capital is moved back to Kyoto from Fukuhara.[7]
★ '''Jisho 4''' (1180): A devastating whirlwind causes havoc in Heian-kyo, the capital.[8]
★ '''Jisho 5''', 14th day of the 1st month (1181): Emperor Takakura dies.[4]
Soon after the birth of Takakura's son, Imperial Prince Tokihito, the emperor was pressured to abdicate in favor of that newborn son. The one-year-old infant became Emperor Antoku.
''KugyÅ''
''KugyÅ'' (å…¬å¿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Tadakura's reign, this apex of the ''DaijÅ-kan'' included:
★ ''SesshÅ'', Matsu Motofusa, 1144-1230.[10]
★ ''Kampaku'', Konoe Motomichi, 1160-1233.[11]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara Tadamasa.[11]
★ ''DaijÅ-daijin'', Fujiwara Moronaga, 1137-1192.[11]
★ ''Sadaijin'', ÅŒimikado Tsunemune, 1119-1189.[11]
★ ''Udaijin'', KujÅ Kanezane, 1149-1207.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Konoe Motomichi.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Minamoto Masamichi, d. 1175.[11]
★ ''Nadaijin'', Taira Shigemori, 1138-1179.[18]
Eras of Takakura''-tennÅ's reign
The years of Takakura's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.
★ ''Nin'an'' (1166-1169)
★ ''KaÅ'' (1169-1171)
★ ''JÅan'' (1171-1175)
★ ''Angen'' (1175-1177)
★ ''JishÅ'' (1177-1181)
References
1. Kitagawa, H. (1975). ''The Tale of the Heike,'' p. 783.
2. Titsingh, I. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' p. 198.
3. Titsingh, p. 199.
4. Kitagawa, p. 784.
5. Kitagawa, p. 784.
6. Kitagawa, p. 784.
7. Kitagawa, p. 785.
8. Kamo no ChÅmei. (1212). ''HÅjÅki.''
9. Kitagawa, p. 784.
10. Brown, Delmer. (1979). '' GukanshÅ,'' p. 331.
11. Brown, p. 331.
12. Brown, p. 331.
13. Brown, p. 331.
14. Brown, p. 331.
15. Brown, p. 331.
16. Brown, p. 331.
17. Brown, p. 331.
18. Brown, p. 332.
★ Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). ''GukanshÅ; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'GukanshÅ,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & IchirÅ Ishida.'' Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi GahÅ (1652)], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.--''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
★ Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [Kitabatake Chitafusa (1359)], ''JinnÅ ShÅtÅki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: JinnÅ ShÅtÅki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley).'' New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
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