ESSAOUIRA

'Essaouira' (, eṣ-ṣauīrah; formerly known as 'Mogador', its old Portuguese name) is a city and tourist resort in Morocco, on the Atlantic coast.

Contents

History

Essaouira today

Photo Gallery

External links

History

Archeological research shows that Essaouira has been occupied since prehistorical times. The bay in front of Essaouira is almost closed by the large island of Mogador, making it a relatively peaceful harbour protected against the strong winds of the area.
Essaouira has long been considered as one of the best anchorages of the Moroccan coast. During the 5th century BC, she was visited by the Carthaginian navigator Hanno, who established a trading post there. Around the end of the 1st century BC, Juba II established a Tyrian purple factory, processing the murex and purpura shells found in the rocks around Essaouira. This was used to dye the purple strip in Imperial Roman Senatorial togas.
During the Middle Ages, a muslim saint named Sidi Mogdoul was buried in Essaouira and gave his name to the locality, which was later transcribed as "Mogador" by the Portuguese. In 1506, the king of Portugal ordered a fortress to be built there, named "Castelo Real de Mogador". The fortress fell to the local resistance of the Regraga fraternity four years later.
During the 16th century, various powers including Spain, England, the Netherlands and France tried in vain to conquer the locality. Essaouira remained a small haven for the export of sugar molasses and the anchoring of pirates.
The actual city of Essaouira was only built during the 18th century. Mohammed III, wishing to reorient his kingdom towards the Atlantic for increased exchanges with European powers, chose Mogador as his key location. He hired a French engineer, Théodore Cornut, and several other European architects and technicians, to build the fortress along modern lines. Originally called "Souira", "The small fortress", the name then became "Es-Saouira", "The beautifully designed".
Mohammed ben Abdallah encouraged the establishment of Jewish as well as foreign traders. They were around one thousand by 1780. He also forced European nations to establish consulates in the city, but the city did not really flourish, as she was too far away from the traditional caravan trade routes.

Following Morocco's alliance with Algeria's Abd-El-Kader against France, Essaouira was bombarded and briefly occupied by the French Navy under the Prince de Joinville on August 16th, 1844.
In the early fifties film director and actor Orson Welles stayed at the Hotel des Iles just south of the town walls during the filming of his 1952 classic version of "Othello" which contains several memorable scenes shot in the labyrynthine streets and alleyways of the medina. Legend has it that during Welles's sojourn in the town he met Winston Churchill - another guest at the Hotel des Iles. Several other film directors have utilised Essaouira's photogenic and atmospheric qualities.

Essaouira today

The Medina of Essaouira (formerly "'Mogador'") is a UNESCO World Heritage Listed city, as an example of a late-18th century fortified town, as transferred to North Africa.
The fishing harbour, suffering from the competition of Agadir and Safi remains rather small, although the catches (sardines, conger eels) are surprisingly abundant due to the coastal upwelling generated by the powerful northeastern trade winds.
Tourism is of growing importance, supporting boutique hotels established in traditional Moroccan ''riads'', within the old town's ramparts. There are a number of modern purpose-built hotels, running along the beach. The medina is home to many small arts and crafts businesses, notably cabinet making and thuya wood-carving, both of which have been practised in Essaouira for centuries.
Essaouira is also renowned for its windsurfing, with the powerful northeastern trade wind blowing almost constantly onto the protected, almost waveless, bay. Several world-class clubs rent top-notch material on a weekly basis.
The water is "fresh" year-round, and parasols tend to be used more as a protection against the wind and the blowing sand. Camel excursions are available on the beach and into the desert band in the interior.

Photo Gallery

More images on Tim Fearn's Flickr site: [1]

External links

★ Riad Essaouira a typical riad in Essaouira Ancient Medina

★ L'annuaire d'Essaouira

★ Essaouira Portal

★ [2] A literary Journey of Mogador. In Spanish, by Alberto Ruy-Sánchez.

★ Discover Essaouira
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★ Essaouira entry in Lexicorient

★ UNESCO World Heritage site: Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador)

★ World Music Central Guide to Essaouira. For cultural travelers interested in local music artists, CD shops, instrument makers, etc.

★ Essaouira infos

★ Information portal of Essaouira

★ Dar Zahira - a traditionally renovated riad in Essaouira