ESTERASE

An 'esterase' is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis.
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biological function.

Contents

EC classification/list of enzymes

See also

External links

EC classification/list of enzymes

Esterases are classified as 'EC 3.1' in the EC number classification of enzymes. They are further subclassified into:

★ ''EC 3.1.1'': Carboxylic ester hydrolases

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★ Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), splits fat and lipids into fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols

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★ Phospholipase (PL), hydrolyzes phospholipids

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★ Lipoprotein lipase, hydrolyzes lipids in lipoproteins

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★ Acid hydrolase (lysosomal acid lipase), found in lysozomes which are strongly acidic

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★ Acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6), splits off acetyl groups

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★ Cholinesterase

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★ Acetylcholinesterase, inactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

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★ Pseudocholinesterase, broad substrate specificity, found in the blood plasma and in the liver

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★ Pectinesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), clarifies fruit juices

★ ''EC 3.1.2'': Thiolester hydrolases

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★ Thioesterase

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★ Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1

★ ''EC 3.1.3'': Phosphoric monoester hydrolases

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★ Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.x), hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and an alcohol

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★ Alkaline phosphatase, removes phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids.

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★ Phosphodiesterase (PDE), inactivates the second messenger cAMP

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★ cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, is inhibited by Sildenafil (Viagra)

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★ Fructose bisphosphatase (3.1.3.11), converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis

★ ''EC 3.1.4'': Phosphoric diester hydrolases

★ ''EC 3.1.5'': Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases

★ ''EC 3.1.6'': Sulfuric ester hydrolases (sulfatases)

★ ''EC 3.1.7'': Diphosphoric monoester hydrolases

★ ''EC 3.1.8'': Phosphoric triester hydrolases

★ Exonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)

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★ ''EC 3.1.11'': Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.13'': Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.14'': Exoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.15'': Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.16'': Exonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

★ Endonucleases (deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases)

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★ ''EC 3.1.21'': Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.22'': Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.23'': Site specific endodeoxyribonucleases: cleavage is sequence specific (discontinued)

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★ ''EC 3.1.24'': Site specific endodeoxyribonucleases: cleavage is not sequence specific (discontinued)

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★ ''EC 3.1.25'': Site-specific endodeoxyribonucleases specific for altered bases

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★ ''EC 3.1.26'': Endoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ RNase H

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★ ''EC 3.1.27'': Endoribonucleases producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.30'': Endoribonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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★ ''EC 3.1.31'': Endoribonucleases active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

See also

★ Enzyme

★ List of enzymes

★ Carboxylic acid

★ Ester

★ Leukocyte esterase

★ Hemagglutininesterase

★ Nuclease

External links

★ Enzyme nomenclature