ETHAM

'Etham' is the third station of the the Exodus. Evidence for the location of Etham ^[1], comes from the Book of Exodus in the Pentateuch of the Bible and is reinforced by Near Eastern ^[2], Egyptological ^[3] archaeological, linguistic ^[4], classical ^[5], historical, mathematical ^[6], and ^[7] other mensurational sources.
According to the story the Israelites left Egypt after talking to the Pharoah at Ramesses, then go to Succoth and from there to Etham.

Exodus Chapter 13
:12:31. And Pharao said: Arise and go forth from among my people, you and the children of Israel: go
:12:32. Your 'sheep and herds' take along with you, as you demanded
:12:35. ...and they asked of the Egyptians 'vessels of silver and gold', and 'very much raiment'.
:12:36. ...and 'they stripped the Egyptians'.
:12:37. And the children of Israel set forward 'from Ramesse to Succoth', being about six hundred elef on foot, beside children.
:12:38. And a mixed multitude, without number, went up also with them, 'sheep and herds', and beasts of divers kinds, exceeding many.
:12:40. And the abode of the children of Israel that they made in Egypt, was 'four hundred and thirty years'.

According to the story a people including the Sons of Israel and others a group including women, children and the elderly left a place where they had lived 430 years traveling slowly at a pace of no more than 8 miles a day, taking with them women and children, elderly people, sheep and herds, many beasts, gold and silver, lots of clothes and their arms.
Given that such a group, moving with possessions could cover no more than about 8 miles in a day, Etham, the third station of the Exodus needs to be within a radius of 16 miles of Thebes, Egypt, and another 24 miles of the Red Sea^[8], and ^[7] For a large number of people including women, infants, elderly and herds of animals all moving at a slow place to plausably survive in a wilderness for five days there needed to be water and food at each campsite. Egypt first provided these facilities between the capital Thebes and its port at Elim in the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt
The story gives a date '430 years before the fourth year of the reign of Solomon'. This places the events of the 'Exodus c 1350 BC', a time in which Thebes was the capital of Egypt.

:13:4. This day you go forth in the month of new corn... stopped at the edge of the wilderness before proceeding on to pi-hahiroth 'with the bones of Joseph' from Succoth (the place of entering the darkness).

:13:5. ...into the land of the Chanaanite, and the Hethite, and the Amorrhite, and the Hevite, and the Jebusite,
:13:11. And when the Lord shall have brought thee into the land of the Chanaanite,
:13:17. ...led them 'not by the way of the land of the Philistines', which is near; ...
:13:18: But he led them about by the way of the desert, 'which is by the Red Sea', and the children of Israel went up 'armed' out of the land of Egypt.

:13:19. And Moses took 'Joseph’s bones' with him: because he had adjured the children of Israel, saying: God shall visit you, carry out my bones from hence with you.
:13:20. And marching from Succoth, they encamped in 'Etham', in the utmost coasts of the wilderness.

In the story the people who have lived in Egypt for centuries are Egyptian in terms of language and culture. The place names in Egypt are Egyptian, the place names across the Red Sea vary with whose territory they are in.
Given a time in which Thebes is the capital of Egypt we cannot define the general area of the starting point, a region named ra mes ses as located other than in or about Thebes in adjacency to Succoth ^[10] The description of the stations mentioned makes clear that they took the bones of Joseph from 'succoth' which in Egyptian means the place of entering the night.
In Egyptian myth Succoth is the place of darkness where one enters the underworld. In the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt it was believed to be located across the river from Thebes in the west at the tombs of Karnak. At sunset one entered ones tomb and followed the sun through the tuat to arrive in the east where the dead are reborn at dawn with the sun.

Exodus Chapter 14
:14:2. Speak to the children of Israel: Let them turn and encamp over against pi-hahiroth, which is between [Migdal]] and the sea over against baal-zephon you shall encamp before it upon the sea.
:14:3. And Pharao will say of the children of Israel: They are straitened in the land, the desert hath shut them in.
:14:9. And when the Egyptians followed the steps of them who were gone before, they found them encamped at the sea side: all Pharao’s horse and chariots and the whole army were in '
pi-hahiroth', before baal-zephon

Wadi Hammamat

About midway between Quseir and Qena is the legendary Wadi Hammamat. Through this valley runs an ancient road, the shortest from the Red Sea to the Nile. Hundreds of rock inscriptions adorn the wadi's walls. Some drawings, like the ancient Egyptian reed boats, date back to 4000 BC. What made Wadi Hammamat famous during antiquity was the Bekheny stone; a beautiful green ornamental rock that was considered sacred. The stone was actively quarried from Pharaonic until Roman times for the production of bowls, statues and sarcophagi. A large number of Bekheny stone monuments have been found in pyramids, graves and temples of these periods. Today you will not only marvel at the rock drawings of the distant past, but you can also admire the ruins of the quarries, mines, fortresses, watchtowers and wells that lie scattered along this principal route.

Myos Hormos

Two thousand years ago Myos Hormos was the Roman Empire's principal gateway to India and East Africa. Only recently have archaeologists been able to identify the exact location of this ancient port, just eight kilometers north of Quseir anciently Elim. During its peak period around 20 AD, reportedly 120 ships laden with wines, fine pottery, glass, precious metals and textiles set out each year from Myos Hromos to India. They brought back all kinds of luxury goods, including spices, medicines, silk and pearls. Myos Hormos seems to have been abandoned in the 2nd century AD. During the 14th and 15th centuries however, the site was revived into a thriving port for Mecca pilgrims and a rejuvenated India trade. At Myos Hormos you can see foundations of ancient port structures and numerous remnants of empty Roman storage jars (amphorae). Pottery shards are strewn all over the area, evidence of thriving economic activity.

Contents

Near Eastern References

Marine Archaeology Rederences

Egyptological References

Linguistic References

Classical References

Historical References

Mathematical References

Mensurational References

Biblical References

Footnotes

Near Eastern References

★ 1. E A Wallis Budge The Nile

★ 2. Nelson Glueck'Discusses The evidence for the Exodus in the Negev

★ 3. William H McNeil and Jean W Sedlar, Discusses the evidence for Habiru and hapitu in Canaan

★ 4. Andrew George, Includes toponyms for Canaan

★ 5. James B. Pritchard,

★ 6. Shaika Haya Ali Al Khalifa and Michael Rice,

★ 7. Dr. Muhammed Abdul Nayeem,

★ 8. Michael Roaf

★ 9. Nicholas Awde and Putros Samano

★ 10. Gerard Herm

Marine Archaeology Rederences

★ 11. Lionel Casson

★ 12. George Bass

Egyptological References

★ 13. Gardiner

★ 14. Antonio Loprieno

★ 15. Michael Rice

★ 16. Gillings

★ 17. Somers Clarke and R. Englebach

Linguistic References

★ 18. Marie-Loise Thomsen,

★ 19. Silvia Luraghi

★ 20. J. P. Mallory

★ 21. Anne H. Groton

★ 22. Hines

Classical References

★ 23. Vitruvius

★ 24. Claudias Ptolemy

★ 25. Herodotus War with Judah, Sennacherib, siege of 701 BC

Historical References

★ 26. Michael Grant

Mathematical References

★ 27. Lucas N. H. Bunt, Phillip S.Jones, Jack D. Bedient Includes references to a Days Journey and a Days Sail

Mensurational References

★ 28. H Arthur KleinIncludes references to a Days Journey and a Days Sail

★ 29. Francis H. Moffitt

Biblical References

★ 30. The Jerusalem Bible Exodus

The Second Book of Moses is called EXODUS, from the Greek word EXODOS

On the link below chose the clickable street map and pan or zoom to various stations of the Exodus
semitic roots

Footnotes

1. (