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Español1ST UNITED STATES CONGRESS
(Redirected from First United States Congress)
The 'First United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Federal Hall, 26 Wall Street in New York City and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from March 4 1789 to March 3 1791, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President George Washington.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the United States Constitution. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
March 4 1789 - March 3 1791
★ First session: March 4 1789 - September 29 1789 New York, New York
★ Second session: January 4 1790 - August 12 1790 New York, New York
★ Third session: December 6 1790 - March 3 1791 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — a lame duck session
Previous congress: ''Confederation Congress''
Next congress: ''2nd Congress''
New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island, were the last states to ratify the U.S. Constitution, and because of their late ratification, were unable to send full representation at the beginning of this Congress. Five Senators and nine Representatives were subsequently seated from these states.
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. [1]
The count below identifies affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly ratifying states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States ''(President of the Senate)'':
★
★ John Adams, ''Pro-Administration'' of Massachusetts
★ President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate:
★
★ John Langdon, ''Pro-Administration'' of New Hampshire, first elected April 6 1789
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg, ''Pro-Administration'' of Pennsylvania, elected April 1 1789
:''Main article: Events of 1789; Events of 1790; Events of 1791''
★ April 30 1789 - George Washington was inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, becoming the first President of the United States
★ July 14 1789 - French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille
★ November 21 1789 - North Carolina ratified the United States Constitution and became the 12th U.S. state
★ May 29 1790 - Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution and became the 13th U.S. state
★ French Revolution (1789 - 1792)
★ Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 1st Congress
; Session 1
★ June 1 1789 - An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths, ch. 1,
★ July 4 1789 - Hamilton Tariff, ch. 2,
★ July 27 1789 - The United States Department of State, was established, originally named the Department of Foreign Affairs.
★ August 7 1789 - The United States War Department was established.
★ September 2 1789 - The United States Department of the Treasury was established.
★ September 24 1789 - The Office of the U.S. Attorney General was established, Judiciary Act of 1789, ch. 20, .
★ September 24 1789 - The U.S. Judicial System was established, Judiciary Act of 1789, ch. 20, .
★ September 25 1789 - The Bill of Rights, twelve proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution were passed and sent to the states for ratification.
; Session 2
★ March 1 1790 - Made provisions for the first U.S. Census
★ March 26 1790 - Naturalization Act of 1790, ch. 3,
★ April 10 1790 - Patent Act, ch. 7,
★ May 26 1790 - Southwest Territory was created from a portion of North Carolina: Southwest Ordinance, ch. 14, .
★ May 31 1790 - Copyright Act of 1790, ch. 15,
★ July 6 1790 - Residence Act, ch. 28, , established Washington, DC as the seat of government of the United States.
★ July 22 1790 - Indian Intercourse Act of 1790, ch. 33, , regulated commerce with the Indian tribes.
; Session 3
★ February 25 1791 - First Bank of the United States, ch. 10,
★ March 3 1791 - Whiskey Act, ch. 15, , which triggered the Whiskey Rebellion
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1789''
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, all Senators were newly elected, and Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1790; Class 2 meant their term ended with the next Congress, requiring reelection in 1792; and Class 3 meant their term lasted through the next two Congresses, requiring reelection in 1794.
:''See also:
:''See also:
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - Membership Changes''
1. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C, Martis, , ,
2. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
3. All representatives elected statewide from individual districts.
4. All representatives elected statewide from individual districts.
5. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
6. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
7. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
8. This seat was returned to the Anti-Administration faction in the third session.
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
★ 1st Federal Congress Project
★ Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
★ Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
Federal Hall (1790)
The 'First United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Federal Hall, 26 Wall Street in New York City and later at Congress Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania from March 4 1789 to March 3 1791, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President George Washington.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the provisions of the United States Constitution. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
| Contents |
| Dates of sessions |
| Party summary |
| Leadership |
| Major events |
| Major legislation |
| Members |
| Senate |
| House of Representatives |
| Changes in membership |
| Officers |
| Notes |
| References |
| External links |
Dates of sessions
March 4 1789 - March 3 1791
★ First session: March 4 1789 - September 29 1789 New York, New York
★ Second session: January 4 1790 - August 12 1790 New York, New York
★ Third session: December 6 1790 - March 3 1791 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — a lame duck session
Previous congress: ''Confederation Congress''
Next congress: ''2nd Congress''
Party summary
New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island, were the last states to ratify the U.S. Constitution, and because of their late ratification, were unable to send full representation at the beginning of this Congress. Five Senators and nine Representatives were subsequently seated from these states.
There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record. [1]
The count below identifies affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly ratifying states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| :'Senate' ★ Anti-Administration ''(A)'': 8 ★ Pro-Administration ''(P)'': 18 ''(majority)'''TOTAL members: 26' | :'House of Representatives' ★ Anti-Administration ''(A)'': 28 ★ Pro-Administration ''(P)'': 37 ''(majority)'''TOTAL members: 65' |
Leadership
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States ''(President of the Senate)'':
★
★ John Adams, ''Pro-Administration'' of Massachusetts
★ President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate:
★
★ John Langdon, ''Pro-Administration'' of New Hampshire, first elected April 6 1789
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ Frederick A.C. Muhlenberg, ''Pro-Administration'' of Pennsylvania, elected April 1 1789
Major events
:''Main article: Events of 1789; Events of 1790; Events of 1791''
★ April 30 1789 - George Washington was inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, becoming the first President of the United States
★ July 14 1789 - French Revolution began with the storming of the Bastille
★ November 21 1789 - North Carolina ratified the United States Constitution and became the 12th U.S. state
★ May 29 1790 - Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution and became the 13th U.S. state
★ French Revolution (1789 - 1792)
★ Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792
Major legislation
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 1st Congress
; Session 1
★ June 1 1789 - An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths, ch. 1,
★ July 4 1789 - Hamilton Tariff, ch. 2,
★ July 27 1789 - The United States Department of State, was established, originally named the Department of Foreign Affairs.
★ August 7 1789 - The United States War Department was established.
★ September 2 1789 - The United States Department of the Treasury was established.
★ September 24 1789 - The Office of the U.S. Attorney General was established, Judiciary Act of 1789, ch. 20, .
★ September 24 1789 - The U.S. Judicial System was established, Judiciary Act of 1789, ch. 20, .
★ September 25 1789 - The Bill of Rights, twelve proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution were passed and sent to the states for ratification.
; Session 2
★ March 1 1790 - Made provisions for the first U.S. Census
★ March 26 1790 - Naturalization Act of 1790, ch. 3,
★ April 10 1790 - Patent Act, ch. 7,
★ May 26 1790 - Southwest Territory was created from a portion of North Carolina: Southwest Ordinance, ch. 14, .
★ May 31 1790 - Copyright Act of 1790, ch. 15,
★ July 6 1790 - Residence Act, ch. 28, , established Washington, DC as the seat of government of the United States.
★ July 22 1790 - Indian Intercourse Act of 1790, ch. 33, , regulated commerce with the Indian tribes.
; Session 3
★ February 25 1791 - First Bank of the United States, ch. 10,
★ March 3 1791 - Whiskey Act, ch. 15, , which triggered the Whiskey Rebellion
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1789''
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, all Senators were newly elected, and Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1790; Class 2 meant their term ended with the next Congress, requiring reelection in 1792; and Class 3 meant their term lasted through the next two Congresses, requiring reelection in 1794.
:''See also:
:''See also:
| :'Connecticut' ★ 1: Oliver Ellsworth ''(P)'' ★ 3: William S. Johnson ''(P)'' :'Delaware' ★ 2: Richard Bassett ''(A)'' ★ 1: George Read ''(P)'' :'Georgia' ★ 2: William Few ''(A)'' ★ 3: James Gunn ''(A)'' :'Maryland' ★ 3: John Henry ''(P)'' ★ 1: Charles Carroll ''(P)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ 1: Tristram Dalton ''(P)'' ★ 2: Caleb Strong ''(P)'' | :'New Hampshire' ★ 3: John Langdon ''(P)'' ★ 2: Paine Wingate ''(A)'' :'New Jersey' ★ 1: Jonathan Elmer ''(P)'' ★ 2: William Paterson ''(P)'' ★ : Philemon Dickinson ''(P)'' :'New York' ★ 3: Rufus King ''(P)'' ★ 1: Philip John Schuyler ''(P)'' :'North Carolina' ★ 3: Benjamin Hawkins ''(P)'' ★ 2: Samuel Johnston ''(P)'' | :'Pennsylvania' ★ 1: William Maclay ''(A)'' ★ 3: Robert Morris ''(P)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ 1: Theodore Foster ''(P)'' ★ 2: Joseph Stanton, Jr. ''(A)'' :'South Carolina' ★ 2: Pierce Butler ''(P)'' ★ 3: Ralph Izard ''(P)'' :'Virginia' ★ 1: William Grayson ''(A)'' ★ : John Walker ''(P)'' ★ : James Monroe ''(A)'' ★ 2: Richard Henry Lee ''(A)'' |  President ''pro tempore'' John Langdon |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
:''See also: 1st United States Congress - Membership Changes''
| :'Senate' ★ replacements: 2 ★ ★ Anti-Administration: 1 seat net loss ★ ★ Pro-Administration: 1 seat net gain [8] ★ deaths: 1 ★ resignations: 1 ★ interim appointments: 1 ★ seats of newly ratifying states: 5 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 7' | :'House of Representatives' ★ replacements: 1 ★ ★ Anti-Administration: no net change ★ ★ Pro-Administration: no net change ★ deaths: 1 ★ resignations: 1 ★ seats of newly ratifying states: 9 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 11' |
Officers
| :'Senate' ★ Secretary of the Senate: ★ ★ Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts, elected April 8 1789 ★ Doorkeeper of the Senate: ★ ★ James Mathers of New York, elected April 7 1789 ★ Chaplain of the Senate ★ ★ The Rev. Samuel Provoost, ''Episcopalian'', elected April 25 1789 ★ ★ The Rev. William White, ''Episcopalian'', elected December 9 1790 | :'House of Representatives' ★ Clerk of the House: ★ ★ John Beckley of Virginia, elected April 1 1789 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the House: ★ ★ Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island, elected May 12 1789 ★ Doorkeeper of the House: ★ ★ Gifford Dalley, elected April 4 1789 ★ Chaplain of the House ★ ★ The Rev. William Linn, ''Presbyterian'', elected May 1 1789 ★ ★ The Rev. Samuel Blair, ''Presbyterian'', elected January 4 1790 |
Notes
1. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C, Martis, , ,
2. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
3. All representatives elected statewide from individual districts.
4. All representatives elected statewide from individual districts.
5. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
6. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
7. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
8. This seat was returned to the Anti-Administration faction in the third session.
References
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
External links
★ 1st Federal Congress Project
★ Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
★ Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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