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Español44TH UNITED STATES CONGRESS
(Redirected from Forty-fourth United States Congress)
The 'Forty-fourth United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1875 to March 3 1877, during the last two years of the second administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
March 4 1875 - March 3 1877
★ Special Session of the Senate: March 5 1875 – March 24 1875
★ First session: December 6 1875 - August 15 1876
★ Second session: December 4 1876 - March 3 1877 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 43rd Congress
Next congress: 45th Congress
Colorado was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as a state in this Congress.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
★
★ Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts, died November 22 1875, vacant thereafter.
★ President pro tempore of the Senate:
★
★ Thomas W. Ferry, ''Republican'' of Michigan, first elected March 10 1875.
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ Michael C. Kerr, ''Democratic'' of Indiana, elected December 6, 1875, died August 19 1876.
★
★ Samuel J. Randall, ''Democratic'' of Pennsylvania, elected December 4 1876.
:''Main article: Events of 1875; Events of 1876; Events of 1877''
★ The Grange shifts from an apolitical farmer's organization to lobbying in 1876. Goals include a repeal of the railroad property tax exemption, lower interest rates, better schools, and cheaper bread, coal and clothing.
★ The disputed Election of 1876 is settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.
★ Custer's Last Stand takes place at the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876.
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 44th Congress
★ August 1 1876 Colorado was admitted as a state into the Union.
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 44th United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 44th United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1874''
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
:''See also:
:''See also:
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
United States Capitol (1869)
The 'Forty-fourth United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1875 to March 3 1877, during the last two years of the second administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.
| Contents |
| Dates of sessions |
| Party summary |
| Leadership |
| Major events |
| Major legislation |
| Members |
| Senate |
| House of Representatives |
| Delegates |
| Changes in membership |
| Officers |
| References |
| External links |
Dates of sessions
March 4 1875 - March 3 1877
★ Special Session of the Senate: March 5 1875 – March 24 1875
★ First session: December 6 1875 - August 15 1876
★ Second session: December 4 1876 - March 3 1877 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 43rd Congress
Next congress: 45th Congress
Party summary
Colorado was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as a state in this Congress.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| :'Senate' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 28 ★ Republican ''(R)'': 46 ''(majority)'' ★ Independent Republican ''(IR)'': 1 ★ vacant: 1'TOTAL members: 76' | :'House of Representatives' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 182 ''(majority)'' ★ Republican ''(R)'': 103 ★ Independent Democratic ''(ID)'': 1 ★ Independent Republican ''(IR)'': 3 ★ Independent ''(I)'': 4'TOTAL members: 293' |
Leadership
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
★
★ Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts, died November 22 1875, vacant thereafter.
★ President pro tempore of the Senate:
★
★ Thomas W. Ferry, ''Republican'' of Michigan, first elected March 10 1875.
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ Michael C. Kerr, ''Democratic'' of Indiana, elected December 6, 1875, died August 19 1876.
★
★ Samuel J. Randall, ''Democratic'' of Pennsylvania, elected December 4 1876.
Major events
:''Main article: Events of 1875; Events of 1876; Events of 1877''
★ The Grange shifts from an apolitical farmer's organization to lobbying in 1876. Goals include a repeal of the railroad property tax exemption, lower interest rates, better schools, and cheaper bread, coal and clothing.
★ The disputed Election of 1876 is settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.
★ Custer's Last Stand takes place at the Battle of Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876.
Major legislation
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 44th Congress
★ August 1 1876 Colorado was admitted as a state into the Union.
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 44th United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 44th United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1874''
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
:''See also:
:''See also:
| :'Alabama' ★ 3: George E. Spencer ''(R)'' ★ 2: George Goldthwaite ''(D)'' :'Arkansas' ★ 2: Powell Clayton ''(R)'' ★ 3: Stephen W. Dorsey ''(R)'' :'California' ★ 3: Aaron A. Sargent ''(R)'' ★ 1: Newton Booth ''(IR)'' :'Colorado' ★ 3: Jerome B. Chaffee ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry M. Teller ''(R)'' :'Connecticut' ★ 3: Orris S. Ferry ''(R)'' ★ : James E. English ''(D)'' ★ : William H. Barnum ''(D)'' ★ 1: William W. Eaton ''(D)'' :'Delaware' ★ 1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. ''(D)'' ★ 2: Eli M. Saulsbury ''(D)'' :'Florida' ★ 3: Simon B. Conover ''(R)'' ★ 1: Charles W. Jones ''(D)'' :'Georgia' ★ 2: Thomas M. Norwood ''(D)'' ★ 3: John B. Gordon ''(D)'' :'Illinois' ★ 2: John A. Logan ''(R)'' ★ 3: Richard J. Oglesby ''(R)'' :'Indiana' ★ 3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton ''(R)'' ★ 1: Joseph E. McDonald ''(D)'' :'Iowa' ★ 2: George G. Wright ''(R)'' ★ 3: William B. Allison ''(R)'' :'Kansas' ★ 3: John J. Ingalls ''(R)'' ★ 2: James M. Harvey ''(R)'' :'Kentucky' ★ 2: John W. Stevenson ''(D)'' ★ 3: Thomas C. McCreery ''(D)'' | :'Louisiana' ★ 2: J. Rodman West ''(R)'' ★ 3: James B. Eustis ''(D)'' :'Maine' ★ 1: Hannibal Hamlin ''(R)'' ★ 2: Lot M. Morrill ''(R)'' ★ : James G. Blaine ''(R)'' :'Maryland' ★ 3: George R. Dennis ''(D)'' ★ 1: William Pinkney Whyte ''(D)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ 2: George S. Boutwell ''(R)'' ★ 1: Henry L. Dawes ''(R)'' :'Michigan' ★ 2: Thomas W. Ferry ''(R)'' ★ 1: Isaac P. Christiancy ''(R)'' :'Minnesota' ★ 2: William Windom ''(R)'' ★ 1: Samuel J. R. McMillan ''(R)'' :'Mississippi' ★ 2: James L. Alcorn ''(R)'' ★ 1: Blanche K. Bruce ''(R)'' :'Missouri' ★ 3: Lewis V. Bogy ''(D)'' ★ 1: Francis M. Cockrell ''(D)'' :'Nebraska' ★ 2: Phineas W. Hitchcock ''(R)'' ★ 1: Algernon S. Paddock ''(R)'' :'Nevada' ★ 3: John P. Jones ''(R)'' ★ 1: William Sharon ''(R)'' :'New Hampshire' ★ 2: Aaron H. Cragin ''(R)'' ★ 3: Bainbridge Wadleigh ''(R)'' :'New Jersey' ★ 2: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen ''(R)'' ★ 1: Theodore F. Randolph ''(D)'' :'New York' ★ 3: Roscoe Conkling ''(R)'' ★ 1: Francis Kernan ''(D)'' | :'North Carolina' ★ 2: Matt W. Ransom ''(D)'' ★ 3: Augustus S. Merrimon ''(D)'' :'Ohio' ★ 3: John Sherman ''(R)'' ★ 1: Allen G. Thurman ''(D)'' :'Oregon' ★ 2: James K. Kelly ''(D)'' ★ 3: John H. Mitchell ''(R)'' :'Pennsylvania' ★ 3: Simon Cameron ''(R)'' ★ 1: William A. Wallace ''(D)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ 2: Henry B. Anthony ''(R)'' ★ 1: Ambrose E. Burnside ''(R)'' :'South Carolina' ★ 2: Thomas J. Robertson ''(R)'' ★ 3: John J. Patterson ''(R)'' :'Tennessee' ★ 2: Henry Cooper ''(D)'' ★ 1: Andrew Johnson ''(D)'' ★ : David M. Key ''(D)'' ★ : James E. Bailey ''(D)'' :'Texas' ★ 2: Morgan C. Hamilton ''(R)'' ★ 1: Samuel B. Maxey ''(D)'' :'Vermont' ★ 1: George F. Edmunds ''(R)'' ★ 3: Justin S. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Virginia' ★ 2: John W. Johnston ''(D)'' ★ 1: Robert E. Withers ''(D)'' :'West Virginia' ★ 2: Henry G. Davis ''(D)'' ★ 1: Allen T. Caperton ''(D)'' ★ : Samuel Price ''(D)'' ★ : Frank Hereford ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin' ★ 3: Timothy O. Howe ''(R)'' ★ 1: Angus Cameron ''(R)'' |  President ''pro tempore'' Thomas W. Ferry |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| :'Senate' ★ replacements: 4 ★ ★ Democratic: 1 seat net gain ★ ★ Republican: 1 seat net loss ★ deaths: 3 ★ resignations: 1 ★ vacancy: 1 ★ interim appointments: 3 ★ seats of newly admitted states: 2 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 7' | :'House of Representatives' ★ replacements: 14 ★ ★ Democratic: no net change ★ ★ Republican: no net change ★ deaths: 9 ★ resignations: 6 ★ contested election: 5 ★ seats of newly admitted states: 1 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 21' |
Officers
| :'Senate' ★ Secretary of the Senate: ★ ★ George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4 1868 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: ★ ★ John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22 1869 ★ Chaplain of the Senate ★ ★ The Rev. Byron Sunderland, ''Presbyterian'', elected December 8 1873:'Other' ★ Architect of the Capitol: ★ ★ Edward Clark, appointed August 30 1865 | :'House of Representatives' ★ Clerk of the House: ★ ★ George M. Adams of Kentucky, elected December 6 1875 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the House: ★ ★ John G. Thompson of Ohio, elected December 6 1875 ★ Doorkeeper of the House: ★ ★ Lafayette H. Fitzhugh of Texas, elected December 6 1875 ★ Postmaster of the House: ★ ★ James M. Steuart of Virginia, elected December 6 1875 ★ Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: ★ ★ William H. Scudder ★ Chaplain of the House ★ ★ The Rev. S. L. Townsend, ''Episcopalian'', elected December 6 1875 |
References
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
External links
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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