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EspañolWESTHOEK (REGION)
(Redirected from French Westhoek)
'Westhoek' (Dutch for "west corner") or 'Maritime Flanders' () is a region in Belgium and France and includes the following areas:
#'Belgian Westhoek' (Dutch: ''Belgische Westhoek'') including the West Flanders ''arrondissements'' of Diksmuide, Ypres, and Veurne including the cities of Veurne, Poperinge, Wervik, Ypres, De Panne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, and Diksmuide. However, the three Belgian coast municipalities of De Panne, Koksijde, and Nieuwpoort are frequently considered a separate region known as the Belgian or Flemish West Coast (''Westkust'').
#'French Westhoek' (French: ''Westhoek français''; Dutch: ''Franse Westhoek''), roughly the ''Arrondissement'' of Dunkirk, including the cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines, and Hazebrouck, itself part of a larger area known as French Flanders.
Outside of Dutch-language sources, Westhoek sometimes refers only to French Westhoek.
French Westhoek is the northern part of French Flanders, lying between the Lys River and the North Sea on the Franco-Belgian border. It nearly corresponds with the ''Arrondissement'' of Dunkirk (the northwestern quarter of the Department of Nord) but with the some areas of the arrondissement falling outside Westhoek while some areas of traditional Westhoek lie in the neighbouring Department of Pas-de-Calais.
French Westhoek consists of three natural regions:
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Blootland (Dutch for "naked land") or the Maritime Plain (French: ''Plaine maritime'') including Dunkirk, Bourbourg, Bergues, and Hondschoote
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Houtland (Dutch for "woodland"), including Wormhout, Cassel, Hazebrouck, and part of Bailleul
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The Lys River Valley (French: ''Vallée de la Lys'' or ''Plaine de la Lys''; Dutch: ''Leiedal'') including Merville, Steenwerck, and part of Bailleul
The traditional language of French Westhoek is a dialect of the Dutch language known as West Flemish, the French subdialect of which is known as French Flemish. It was once the dominant language of the region, but a long-time policy of Francization, starting with the introduction of French as the language of education in 1853, has led to the replacement of Dutch with French in the region. Of the population of the approximately 380,000 inhabitants of French Westhoek, there are now between 10,000 and 20,000 daily speakers of West Flemish, many of whom live in the arrondissement and city of Dunkirk, and twice as many who occasionally use the dialect. Flemish was recently recognised as a regional language of France but there are no bilingual street signs and French remains the only official language in the area.
The French Flemish dialect has had significant influence on local toponyms. For example, the French Westhoek towns of Roubaix and Dunkirk are derived from the Flemish names of ''Robeke'' and ''Duinkerke''.
★ Ethnologue Report for West Flemish
★ Flemish in France detailed overview
★ The Extent of Flemish in France in 1970, including language maps
'Westhoek' (Dutch for "west corner") or 'Maritime Flanders' () is a region in Belgium and France and includes the following areas:
Location of Belgian Westhoek in West Flanders
#'Belgian Westhoek' (Dutch: ''Belgische Westhoek'') including the West Flanders ''arrondissements'' of Diksmuide, Ypres, and Veurne including the cities of Veurne, Poperinge, Wervik, Ypres, De Panne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, and Diksmuide. However, the three Belgian coast municipalities of De Panne, Koksijde, and Nieuwpoort are frequently considered a separate region known as the Belgian or Flemish West Coast (''Westkust'').
#'French Westhoek' (French: ''Westhoek français''; Dutch: ''Franse Westhoek''), roughly the ''Arrondissement'' of Dunkirk, including the cities of Dunkirk, Gravelines, and Hazebrouck, itself part of a larger area known as French Flanders.
Outside of Dutch-language sources, Westhoek sometimes refers only to French Westhoek.
| Contents |
| French Westhoek |
| Geography |
| Language |
| Sources and references |
| External Links |
French Westhoek
The ''Arrondissement'' of Dunkirk roughly corresponding to French Westhoek
Geography
French Westhoek is the northern part of French Flanders, lying between the Lys River and the North Sea on the Franco-Belgian border. It nearly corresponds with the ''Arrondissement'' of Dunkirk (the northwestern quarter of the Department of Nord) but with the some areas of the arrondissement falling outside Westhoek while some areas of traditional Westhoek lie in the neighbouring Department of Pas-de-Calais.
French Westhoek consists of three natural regions:
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#
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Language
The traditional language of French Westhoek is a dialect of the Dutch language known as West Flemish, the French subdialect of which is known as French Flemish. It was once the dominant language of the region, but a long-time policy of Francization, starting with the introduction of French as the language of education in 1853, has led to the replacement of Dutch with French in the region. Of the population of the approximately 380,000 inhabitants of French Westhoek, there are now between 10,000 and 20,000 daily speakers of West Flemish, many of whom live in the arrondissement and city of Dunkirk, and twice as many who occasionally use the dialect. Flemish was recently recognised as a regional language of France but there are no bilingual street signs and French remains the only official language in the area.
A streetsign in Merck-Saint-Liévin, Pas-de-Calais, showing Germanic influence in local toponyms. The name Picquendal corresponds to the modern Dutch ''Pikkendal''.
The French Flemish dialect has had significant influence on local toponyms. For example, the French Westhoek towns of Roubaix and Dunkirk are derived from the Flemish names of ''Robeke'' and ''Duinkerke''.
Sources and references
★ Ethnologue Report for West Flemish
★ Flemish in France detailed overview
External Links
★ The Extent of Flemish in France in 1970, including language maps
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