FRITILLARY

: ''This article is about the botanical meaning. For the entomological meaning, see Heliconiinae.''
'''Fritillaria''' is a genus of about 100 species of bulbous plants in the family Liliaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They often have nodding, bell- or cup-shaped flowers, and the majority are spring-flowering. The name is from Latin ''fritillus'', a dice-box, and probably refers to the checkered pattern, frequently of chocolate-brown and greenish yellow, that is common to many species' flowers.
Several species (such as ''Fritillaria cirrhosa'' and ''Fritillaria verticillata'') are used in traditional Chinese cough remedies. They are listed as ''chuan bei'' () or ''zhe bei'' (), respectively, and are often in formulations combined with extracts of loquat.
;Selected species:

★ ''Fritillaria acmopetala'' – Lebanese Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria affinis'' (Schultes & Schultes f.) Sealy – Checker Lily ★ ''Fritillaria agrestis'' Greene ★ ''Fritillaria anhuiensis'' S.C.Chen & S.F.Yin ★ ''Fritillaria armena'' Boiss. ★ ''Fritillaria atropurpurea'' Nutt. ★ ''Fritillaria biflora'' Lindl. – Chocolate Lily ★ ''Fritillaria brandegei'' Eastw. ★ ''Fritillaria camschatcensis'' (L.) Ker Gawl. – Kamchatka Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria cirrhosa'' D.Don ★ ''Fritillaria conica'' Boiss. ★ ''Fritillaria crassicaulis'' S.C.Chen ★ ''Fritillaria dagana'' Turcz. ex Trautv. ★ ''Fritillaria dajinensis'' S.C.Chen ★ ''Fritillaria davidii'' Franch. ★ ''Fritillaria davisii'' Turrill ★ ''Fritillaria delavayi'' Franch. ★ ''Fritillaria drenovskii'' Degen & Stoj. ★ ''Fritillaria dzhabavae'' A.P.Khokhr. ★ ''Fritillaria eastwoodiae'' Macfarlane ★ ''Fritillaria eduardii'' Regel ★ ''Fritillaria ehrhartii'' Boiss. & Orph. ★ ''Fritillaria epirotica'' Turrill ex Rix ★ ''Fritillaria euboeica'' Rix ★ ''Fritillaria falcata'' (Jepson) D.E.Beetle ★ ''Fritillaria fusca'' Turrill ★ ''Fritillaria gentneri'' Gilkey ★ ''Fritillaria glauca'' Greene ★ ''Fritillaria graeca'' Boiss. & Spruner ★ ''Fritillaria grandiflora'' Grossh. ★ ''Fritillaria grayana'' Reichenb.f. & Baker ★ ''Fritillaria gussichiae'' (Degen & Dörfl.) Rix ★ ''Fritillaria liliacea'' - Fragrant Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria imperialis'' L. – Crown Imperial Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria involucrata'' All. ★ ''Fritillaria karelinii'' Fischer ex D. Don ★ ''Fritillaria kotschyana'' Herb. ★ ''Fritillaria kurdica'' Boiss. & Noë ★ ''Fritillaria lanceolata'' – Mission Bells, Checker Lily ★ ''Fritillaria latifolia'' Willd. ★ ''Fritillaria liliacea'' Lindl. – Fragrant Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria lusitanica'' Wikstr. ★ ''Fritillaria lutea'' Mill. ★ ''Fritillaria macedonica'' Bornm. ★ ''Fritillaria maximowiczii'' Freyn

★ ''Fritillaria meleagris'' L. – Snake's Head Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria meleagroides'' Patrin ex Schult.f. ★ ''Fritillaria messanensis'' Raf. ★ ''Fritillaria micrantha'' Heller ★ ''Fritillaria monantha'' Migo ★ ''Fritillaria montana'' Hoppe ★ ''Fritillaria obliqua'' Ker Gawl. ★ ''Fritillaria ojaiensis'' A.Davids. ★ ''Fritillaria olgae'' Vved. ★ ''Fritillaria ophioglossifolia'' Freyn & Sint. ★ ''Fritillaria orientalis'' Adams ★ ''Fritillaria pallidiflora'' Schrenk ★ ''Fritillaria persica'' L. ★ ''Fritillaria pinetorum'' A.Davids. ★ ''Fritillaria pluriflora'' Torr. ex Benth. – Adobe Lily ★ ''Fritillaria pontica'' Wahlenb. ★ ''Fritillaria przewalskii'' Maxim. ★ ''Fritillaria pudica'' (Pursh) Spreng. – Yellow Bell ★ ''Fritillaria purdyi'' Eastw. ★ ''Fritillaria pyrenaica'' L. ★ ''Fritillaria raddeana'' Regel ★ ''Fritillaria recurva'' Benth. – Scarlet Fritillary ★ ''Fritillaria regelii'' Losinsk. ★ ''Fritillaria rhodocanakis'' Orph. ex Baker ★ ''Fritillaria ruthenica'' Wikstr. ★ ''Fritillaria sewerzowii'' ★ ''Fritillaria sichuanica'' S.C.Chen ★ ''Fritillaria sinica'' S.C.Chen ★ ''Fritillaria skorpilii'' Velen. ★ ''Fritillaria striata'' Eastw. ★ ''Fritillaria stribrnyi'' Velen. ★ ''Fritillaria taipaiensis'' P.Y.Li ★ ''Fritillaria thunbergii'' Miq. ★ ''Fritillaria tortifolia'' X.Z.Duan & X.J.Zheng ★ ''Fritillaria tubiformis'' Gren. & Godr. ★ ''Fritillaria tuntasia'' Heldr. ex Halácsy ★ ''Fritillaria unibracteata'' P.K.Hsiao & K.C.Hsia ★ ''Fritillaria ussuriensis'' Maxim. ★ ''Fritillaria verticillata'' Willd. ★ ''Fritillaria viridea'' Kellogg ★ ''Fritillaria walujewii'' Regel ★ ''Fritillaria yuminensis'' X.Z.Duan ★ ''Fritillaria yuzhongensis'' G.D.Yu & Y.S.Zhou

Contents

References

References

★ Flora Europaea: ''Fritillaria''

★ Flora of North America: ''Fritillaria''

★ Flora of China: ''Fritillaria''

★ Treatment of California ''Fritillaria'' from the Jepson Manual

★ New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

★ used in Chinese medicine