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'Cisalpine Gaul' (Latin: 'Gallia Cisalpina', meaning "Gaul on this side of the Alps") was the Roman name for a geographical area (later a province of the Roman Republic), in the territory of modern-day northern Italy (including Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Veneto). Sometimes referred to as 'Gallia Citerior' (Hither Gaul), 'Provincia Ariminum', or 'Gallia Togata' (Toga-wearing Gaul, indicating the region's early Romanization). 'Gallia Transpadana' denoted that part of Cisalpine Gaul between the Po and the Alps. The province was governed from Mutina (modern-day Modena), where in 73 BC forces under Spartacus defeated the legion of Gaius Cassius Longinus, the provincial governor.
The River Rubicon marked its southern boundary with Italia proper, and it was upon crossing this river in 49BC that Julius Caesar, with his battle-hardened legions after the conquest of Gaul, precipitated the Roman Republic into civil war and to the eventual establishment of the Roman Empire.
The province was merged into Italia about 43–42 BC, as part of Octavian's "Italicization" program during the Second Triumvirate. The end of the ''provincia'' required a new governing law or ''lex'', though its contemporary title is unknown. The parts of it that are inscribed on a bronze tablet preserved in the museum at Parma are entirely concerned with arranging the judiciary; the lex appoints two ''viri'' and four ''viri juri dicundo''. The lex also mentions a Prefect of Mutina. ★ class=wikiexternal target=_blank>/Lex_Rubria.html Virgil was born in ''Gallia Cisalpina'', and was the province's most famous son.

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★ Transalpine Gaul, the other Gallic province.