GATTACA

''' Gattaca''' is a 1997 science fiction drama film written and directed by Andrew Niccol, starring Ethan Hawke, Uma Thurman and Jude Law with supporting roles played by Loren Dean, Gore Vidal and Alan Arkin. The movie's score was composed by Michael Nyman.
The film presents a biopunk vision of a society driven by new eugenics. Children of the middle and upper classes are designer babies, genetically engineered in-vitro to be the optimal recombination of their parents' genetic material. A genetic registry database uses biometrics to instantly identify and classify those so created as ''valids'' while those conceived by traditional means are derisively known as faith births, god children and ''in-valids''. While genetic discrimination is forbidden by law, in practice it is easy to profile one's genotype resulting in the Valids qualifying for professional employment while the In-Valids who are susceptible to disease are relegated to menial jobs.
The movie draws on concerns over technological developments which facilitate reprogenetics, and the possible consequences of such biotechnology for society. It also explores the theme of destiny and the ways in which it can and does govern lives. Characters in ''Gattaca'' continually battle both with society and with themselves to find their place in the world and who they are destined to be according to their genes.
The word 'Gattaca' is composed of the initial letters of the four DNA nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.)

Contents

Plot

Reactions

References

See also

External links

Plot

★ Tagline: "There is no gene for the human spirit."
In a "not too distant" future, where genetic engineering of humans is common and DNA plays the primary role in determining social class, Vincent (Hawke) is conceived and born without the aid of this technology. Suffering from the nearly eradicated physical dysfunctions of myopia and a congenital heart defect, as well as being given a life expectancy of 30.2 years, Vincent faces extreme genetic discrimination and prejudice. The only way he can achieve his life-long dream of becoming an astronaut is to break the law and impersonate a "valid".
He assumes the identity of former swimming star Jerome Eugene Morrow (Law), now a paraplegic after a botched suicide attempt when he could not accept winning second place despite his genetic superiority. Vincent uses "valid" DNA in blood, tissue and urine samples provided by Jerome, and gains admittance as a celestial navigator to the Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, the most prestigious space-flight conglomerate of the day. The plan works perfectly until, a week before Vincent is scheduled to leave for Saturn's moon Titan, the mission director is murdered and evidence of Vincent's own DNA is found at the crime scene in the form of an eyelash. The presence of this unexpected "in-valid" DNA attracts the attention of the police, and Vincent must evade ever-increasing security as his mission launch date approaches and he pursues a relationship with his co-worker Irene Cassini (Thurman).
After numerous close calls, the investigation eventually comes to a close as Director Josef (Gore Vidal) is arrested for the murder. However, just as Vincent appears to be in the clear, he is confronted by one of the detectives covering the investigation, who is revealed as Vincent's estranged brother, Anton (Loren Dean). Anton criticizes Vincent for putting his family under undue stress due to his disappearance, and threatens him with exposure. However, it soon becomes apparent that Anton is acting more out of insecurity and is more concerned with how Vincent had managed to get the better of him, despite his supposed genetic superiority. Vincent and Anton settle their competition as they did when they were children, by seeing who could swim out into the ocean farthest. Once again, Vincent manages to beat his brother, and saves him from drowning.
As the day of the launch finally arrives, Jerome bids Vincent farewell and says that he intends to travel the world. He reveals that he has stored enough genetic samples to last Vincent two lifetimes. Overwhelmed and grateful, Vincent thanks Jerome for "lending" him the identity that has allowed his success at Gattaca. Jerome replies, however, that it is he who should be grateful, since Vincent lent Jerome his dreams. As Vincent moves through the Gattaca complex to the launch site, he is stopped for an unexpected DNA test. Vincent reluctantly agrees to take the test, even though he has none of Jerome's genetic material to hide his identity. The test result uncovers Vincent's "in-valid" status, and the doctor reveals that he has known Vincent's true identity all along, saying: "For future reference, when urinating, right-handers don't hold it with the left hand. Just one of those things". However, the doctor alters then the test result to allow him to proceed regardless, confessing that his son admires Vincent, and wants to be an astronaut just like him, despite a genetic defect that would already rule him out. As the shuttle lifts off, Jerome is shown committing suicide inside his home incinerator, wearing his last medal.
The story centers on the irony of the perfect Jerome failing to succeed despite being given every advantage while the imperfect Vincent transcends his deficiencies through force of will and spirit. A milder version of the disorder that afflicts Vincent prevents Irene from taking part in space flight. This dichotomy shows how the eugenic policy in ''Gattaca'' and the world in which it is set adversely affect the humanity of both Vincent and Jerome, as well as the "invalid" and "valid" humans they represent.
The film's themes include personal identity, courage, friendship, love, hope, the burden of perfection, sacrifice, sibling rivalry, society and control, fate, genetic determinism, and whether human nature and the human spirit can be defined or limited by DNA.

Reactions

In his 2004 book ''Citizen Cyborg'', bioethicist and democratic transhumanist advocate James Hughes reports that ''Gattaca's dystopian depiction of "genoism" has been cited by many bioconservative critics in support of their view that new eugenics should be discouraged and even banned. Hughes, however, explicitly critiques the film by arguing these points:^[2]
#Astronaut-training programs are entirely justified in attempting to screen out people with heart problems for safety reasons;
#In North America, people are already discriminated against by insurance companies on the basis of their propensities to disease despite the fact that genetic enhancement is not yet available;
#Rather than banning genetic testing or genetic enhancement, society needs genetic information privacy laws that allow justified forms of genetic testing and data aggregation, but forbid those that are judged to result in genetic discrimination (such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act passed in the United States on 25th April 2007). Citizens should then be able to make a complaint to the appropriate authority if they believe they have been discriminated against because of their genotype.

References

1. Box office / business for Gattaca (1997)
2. Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future, Hughes, James, , , Westview Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8133-4198-1

See also

★ ''Gattaca'' argument

External links

★

★

★ Roger Ebert review of ''Gattaca''

★ Dunne, Ray (2003). ''Could DNA screening work?''. BBC News