العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolGHETTOS IN OCCUPIED EUROPE 1939-1944
(Redirected from Ghettos in occupied Europe 1939 - 1944)
During World War II ghettos were established by the Nazis to confine Jews and sometimes Gypsies into tightly packed areas of the cities of Eastern Europe turning them into ''de-facto'' concentration camps. Though the common usage is ghetto the Nazis most often referred to the areas in documents and signage at their entrances as 'Judischer Wohnberzirk' (Polish) or 'Wohngebiet der Juden' (German), both translate as Jewish Quarter.
Starting in 1939, the Nazis began to systematically move Polish Jews into designated areas of large Polish cities. The first large ghetto at Piotrków Trybunalski was established in October 1939, the one in Tuliszkow was established in December 1939 or January 1940, followed by the Łódź Ghetto in April 1940 and the Warsaw Ghetto in October with many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941. The Ghettos were walled off, and any Jew found leaving them was shot. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of these Ghettos, with 380,000 people and the Łódź Ghetto, the second largest, holding about 160,000.
The situation in the ghettos was brutal. In Warsaw, 30% of the population were forced to live in 2.4% of the city's area, a density of 9.2 people per room. In the ghetto of Odrzywol, 700 people lived in an area previously occupied by 5 families, between 12 and 30 to each small room. The Jews were not allowed out of the ghetto, so they had to rely on food supplied by the Nazis: in Warsaw this was 253 calories (1,060 kJ) per Jew, compared to 669 calories (2,800 kJ) per Pole and 2,613 calories (10,940 kJ) per German. With crowded living conditions, starvation diets, and little sanitation (in the Łódź Ghetto 95% of apartments had no sanitation, piped water or sewers) hundreds of thousands of Jews died of disease and starvation.
In 1942, the Nazis began Operation Reinhard, the systematic deportation to extermination camps during the Holocaust. The authorities deported Jews from everywhere in Europe to the ghettos of the East, or directly to the extermination camps -- almost 300,000 people were deported from the Warsaw Ghetto alone to Treblinka over the course of 52 days. In some of the Ghettos the local resistance organisations started Ghetto uprisings. None were successful, and the Jewish populations of the ghettos were almost entirely killed.
★ Białystok Ghetto
★ Budapest Ghetto
★ Cluj Ghetto
★ Kovno Ghetto
★ Kraków Ghetto
★ Łachwa Ghetto
★ Lwów Ghetto
★ Łódź Ghetto
★ Marcinkance Ghetto
★ Theresienstadt Ghetto
★ Warsaw Ghetto
★ Wilno Ghetto
★ Ghetto
★ Ghetto uprising
★ Judendienstordnung
★ Judenrat
A boy working in the Warsaw Ghetto cemetery drags a corpse to the edge of the mass grave where it will be buried. September 19, 1941
During World War II ghettos were established by the Nazis to confine Jews and sometimes Gypsies into tightly packed areas of the cities of Eastern Europe turning them into ''de-facto'' concentration camps. Though the common usage is ghetto the Nazis most often referred to the areas in documents and signage at their entrances as 'Judischer Wohnberzirk' (Polish) or 'Wohngebiet der Juden' (German), both translate as Jewish Quarter.
| Contents |
| The WWII Ghettos |
| Partial list of Nazi-era ghettos |
| See also |
The WWII Ghettos
Ghettos established by the Nazis in which Jews were confined, and later shipped to concentration camps.
Starting in 1939, the Nazis began to systematically move Polish Jews into designated areas of large Polish cities. The first large ghetto at Piotrków Trybunalski was established in October 1939, the one in Tuliszkow was established in December 1939 or January 1940, followed by the Łódź Ghetto in April 1940 and the Warsaw Ghetto in October with many other ghettos established throughout 1940 and 1941. The Ghettos were walled off, and any Jew found leaving them was shot. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of these Ghettos, with 380,000 people and the Łódź Ghetto, the second largest, holding about 160,000.
The situation in the ghettos was brutal. In Warsaw, 30% of the population were forced to live in 2.4% of the city's area, a density of 9.2 people per room. In the ghetto of Odrzywol, 700 people lived in an area previously occupied by 5 families, between 12 and 30 to each small room. The Jews were not allowed out of the ghetto, so they had to rely on food supplied by the Nazis: in Warsaw this was 253 calories (1,060 kJ) per Jew, compared to 669 calories (2,800 kJ) per Pole and 2,613 calories (10,940 kJ) per German. With crowded living conditions, starvation diets, and little sanitation (in the Łódź Ghetto 95% of apartments had no sanitation, piped water or sewers) hundreds of thousands of Jews died of disease and starvation.
In 1942, the Nazis began Operation Reinhard, the systematic deportation to extermination camps during the Holocaust. The authorities deported Jews from everywhere in Europe to the ghettos of the East, or directly to the extermination camps -- almost 300,000 people were deported from the Warsaw Ghetto alone to Treblinka over the course of 52 days. In some of the Ghettos the local resistance organisations started Ghetto uprisings. None were successful, and the Jewish populations of the ghettos were almost entirely killed.
Partial list of Nazi-era ghettos
★ Białystok Ghetto
★ Budapest Ghetto
★ Cluj Ghetto
★ Kovno Ghetto
★ Kraków Ghetto
★ Łachwa Ghetto
★ Lwów Ghetto
★ Łódź Ghetto
★ Marcinkance Ghetto
★ Theresienstadt Ghetto
★ Warsaw Ghetto
★ Wilno Ghetto
See also
★ Ghetto
★ Ghetto uprising
★ Judendienstordnung
★ Judenrat
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
