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EspañolGRAEME SOUNESS
'Graeme James Souness' (IPA: []) (born 6 May, 1953 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. He is perhaps best known as the former captain of the successful Liverpool team of the early 1980s, and as a manager with, amongst others, Rangers, Liverpool, Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United.
Career as a player
Early playing career
Souness was raised in the Saughton Mains area of Edinburgh. As with other tough-tackling Scottish midfielders such as Dave Mackay and Billy Bremner, journalists have regularly attributed Souness's rumbustious playing style to his modest upbringing.
Souness's career began as an apprentice at Tottenham Hotspur under Bill Nicholson. He signed professional forms as a 15 year-old in 1968. Frustrated at a lack of first team opportunities, the teenage Souness reputedly informed Nicholson that he was the best player at the club. Souness made one solitary appearance for spurs in the UEFA cup as a substitute.
During the summer of 1972, the nineteen-year-old Souness played in the North American Soccer League for the Montreal Olympique. He appeared in 10 of his team’s 14 games, and was named in the league’s All-Star team for that season.
Back in England, Souness had played just once for Spurs prior to a £30,000 move to Middlesbrough in 1972. His debut came on 6 January 1973 in a 2-1 league defeat to Fulham at Craven Cottage. His first goal came on 11 December 1973 in a 3-0 league victory over Preston North End at Ayresome Park.
Souness's tenacious style began to garner increasing acclaim during his time at Middlesbrough. His first season saw Middlesbrough finish fourth, two places and 14 points short of promotion. In May 1973, the recently retired Jack Charlton was appointed to his first managerial post. Promotion as champions of the Second Division followed. Souness's growing influence was demonstrated in a hat-trick in the season's final fixture, an 8-0 victory over Sheffield Wednesday.
Playing for Liverpool
Souness's playing career is best remembered for his seven seasons at Liverpool, where he won five League Championships, three European Cups and four League Cups.
His time at Anfield began in 1978. After winning a first European Cup in 1977, Liverpool manager Bob Paisley sought reinforcements by signing three Scottish players, all of whom were to contribute substantially to further success. Central defender Alan Hansen arrived from Partick Thistle for £110,000. Kenny Dalglish - an established Scottish international - signed from Celtic for a then British record fee of £440,000. Souness formed the final part of the Scottish triumvirate, leaving Middlesbrough in acrimonious circumstances for a club-record fee of £350,000 on 10 January 1978.
Souness's Liverpool debut came in a 1-0 league victory over West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns on 14 January 1978. His first goal - a characteristic volley just inside the penalty box, eventually awarded fans' goal of the season - came in a 3-1 win over bitter rivals Manchester United at Anfield on 25 February 1978.
Souness played a critical role in Liverpool's retention of the European Cup against FC Bruges at Wembley, providing the pass for Dalglish to score the game's only goal.
Sustained success followed. Souness's first League title medals were won in seasons 1978-79 and 1979-80. A second European Cup medal for Souness arrived in 1981 with a 1-0 victory over Real Madrid - the culmination of a campaign in which Souness scored a hat-trick in the quarter-final against CSKA Sofia.
This burst of success prompted Paisley to award Souness the club captaincy for season 1981-82, to the chagrin of the incumbent Phil Thompson. Under Souness's captaincy, two trophies followed as Liverpool regained the League championship and retained the League Cup - trophies that were successfully defended in season 1982-83. Souness relinquished his right as captain to lift the League Cup at Wembley after the 2-1 win over Manchester United in 1983, insisting that Paisley collected the trophy in his retirement season.
In 1983-84, Souness lifted three trophies as Liverpool again retained the League title and League Cup. The European Cup was regained after a penalty shoot-out win over AS Roma.
Souness's Liverpool career ended in 1984 after 358 appearances and 56 goals.
Career in Italy
Souness left Liverpool in 1984, joining Unione Calcio Sampdoria SpA for a fee of £650,000. Souness and England international Trevor Francis - a player at the Genoa-based club since 1982 - added experience to an emerging group of future Italian internationals, including Roberto Mancini, Pietro Vierchowod and Gianluca Vialli. In his first season, Sampdoria won the Coppa Italia with a 3-1 victory over Serie A rivals AC Milan, securing the trophy for the first time in the club's history.
Souness's career in Italy ended in 1986 as he took up the position of player-manager at Rangers.
International career
While a Middlesbrough player, Souness received his first international cap for Scotland on 30 October 1974 in a 3-0 friendly victory over East Germany at Hampden Park. By the time Souness was selected by manager Ally McLeod for the Scotland squad for the World Cup in Argentina in 1978, however, he had been awarded only six caps. His move to Liverpool, and a greatly increased profile, saw growing demands for the award of regular place.
A defeat and a draw in Scotland's first two World Cup group games against Peru and Iran saw calls for Souness, recovered from injury, to play in the critical final group match against the Netherlands. Replacing an established midfield, Souness contributed to a 3-2 victory that nevertheless saw Scotland eliminated from the tournament on goal difference.
Souness played in two further World Cups. The first, in 1982 in Spain, saw Souness play all three group games. His first international goal arrived in the final match prior to elimination, a 2-2 draw with USSR in Malaga.
A final World Cup appearance came in 1986 in Mexico, at a time when Souness had already been appointed Rangers player-manager. Souness played in defeats to Denmark and West Germany. He was omitted by caretaker manager Alex Ferguson for Scotland's final game against Uruguay.
Souness's Scotland career ended after the World Cup after 54 appearances and four goals in almost 12 years.
Managerial career
Rangers
Souness was appointed Rangers' first player-manager in April 1986, signing from Sampdoria for a fee of £300,000 and succeeding Jock Wallace. Financed initially by the club's then owner, Lawrence Marlborough, Souness and club chairman David Holmes embarked upon a bold strategy of reclaiming the footballing ascendancy that Rangers had periodically enjoyed in Scotland. Souness's appointment came after several years of under-performance. The league championship had last been won in season 1977-78, and the early 1980s saw Scottish football dominated by the 'New Firm' of Aberdeen and Dundee United, together with Celtic.
What came popularly to be termed the 'Souness Revolution' began with a slew of major signings from English clubs. Significantly, this reversed the historic pattern of Scotland's most able footballers playing in England. Souness's first season saw the arrival of players such as Terry Butcher, captain of Ipswich Town and an established England international, and Chris Woods of Norwich City, England's second-choice goalkeeper. Subsequent seasons saw the arrival of other English internationals, such as Trevor Steven, Gary Stevens, Trevor Francis and Ray Wilkins. Souness was able to offer the lure of European club competition, at a time - 1985-90 - when English clubs were banned from Europe in the wake of the Heysel Stadium disaster. Rangers profited from this by embarking upon a signing policy which drew on their relative wealth to compete, for the first time, directly with England's most powerful clubs.
Souness's revitalised Rangers quickly began to dominate Scottish football. In his first season, 1986-87 they won the Championship and the League Cup, beating Celtic 2-1 in the Final. Two more Championships were to follow, this time in successive seasons (1988-89 and 1989-90), and a further two League Cup victories, over Aberdeen 3-2 in 1988-89 and Celtic 2-1 in 1990-91. Souness left Rangers, to take over as manager of Liverpool, in 1991, replaced by his assistant, Walter Smith, four games prior to the end of what was to become another championship-winning season.
Souness's time at Ibrox was marked by persistent controversy. His most noteworthy act was the controversial signing of Mo Johnston in 1989. Rangers - historically a team supported by Protestants - were widely held to have implemented for most of the twentieth century a policy of refusing to sign Roman Catholics. Although several Rangers players came from Catholic backgrounds (including, at the time of Johnston's signing, John Spencer), few if any could be termed high-profile. Johnston's arrival at Ibrox was significant because it signalled a very public end to what was held by many to be a discriminatory signing policy. It was also significant because Johnston, a former Celtic player and coveted Scottish international, had days earlier at a press conference at Celtic Park publicly announced his decision to return to his former club.
Further controversy centred on Souness's dealings with the Scottish Football Association and Scottish League hierarchies. A succession of confrontational after-match comments pitched Souness regularly at loggerheads with both organisations, prompting touchline bans which Souness circumvented in characteristically provocative fashion by naming himself as a substitute, allowing access as a player to the dugout. Souness was later to claim that conflict with officialdom was one of the principal factors precipitating his departure from Ibrox.
Souness's appointment as Rangers' manager garnered most attention, but his arrival as a player was also of significance. Souness arrived at Ibrox with a reputation as one of Europe's leading midfielders - a view evidenced by his success at Liverpool and, to a lesser extent, with Sampdoria. His signing was unusual in that Scottish clubs had rarely been able to sign top-quality internationals, including Scots, from other leagues.
Souness's playing career at Ibrox began inauspiciously. His competitive debut - in the opening game of the 1986-87 season, against Hibernian in his hometown of Edinburgh - saw him sent off after two yellow cards in the first 34 minutes. Souness later self-deprecatingly argued that his second booking, for a foul on George McCluskey, had been awarded because "my boot ran up his leg!" [1]. Disciplinary problems - something that had recurred periodically throughout Souness's career - resurfaced on a number of occasions during his time as a player at Rangers.
Souness made 49 appearances for Rangers. Much of his time as player was blighted by injury. His final appearance as a player was at Ibrox in a 2-0 victory over Dunfermline Athletic in Rangers' last home game of the 1989-90 season, when he brought himself on for the final 20 minutes.
In 1990, when Rangers visited McDiarmid Park to take on St. Johnstone, the Glasgow club left their dressing room in such a state that St. Johnstone tea-lady Aggie Moffat was moved to ask, "Would you leave your home like that?"[2] This led to Souness enquiring as to Moffat's ability to tidy up. A verbal ear-bashing from Moffat ensued.
Liverpool
The four years which followed were uneventful for Souness and disastrous for Liverpool. There was little success on the field, with only a 2-0 victory in the 1992 FA Cup final over Second Division Sunderland, but poor tactics, ill-judged transfer dealings and poor man management caused the decline of one of the greatest football club in Europe.
Rumours about squabbles in the dressing room between the players and Souness were rife, with Ian Rush famously telling a Sky Sports interviewer that 'teacups being thrown' were nothing new. Souness' only consolation at this time was the fact that he had blooded several new prodigious young talents like Steve McManaman and Robbie Fowler allowing them to play and develop in the first team as compared to all the other senior players whom Souness accused of lacking heart.
Ironically, it was his own heart that literally was under stress. Souness had major heart surgery in 1992, and led his players out at Wembley for the FA Cup final just days after leaving hospital. But there had been controversy over the semi-final against Portsmouth
The game itself went to a replay and then a penalty shoot-out, and in the event of a victory, an interview was due to be published in The Sun, a British tabloid, with Souness celebrating the win and his own successful surgery. The photograph which accompanied the interview was of Souness, in his hospital ward, kissing his girlfriend with joy at his own recovery and his team's win.
The interview was due to go in alongside the match report on 14 April 1992 but the late end to the game meant that the deadline for publication was missed and the report, with interview and photograph, went in on 15 April instead - the third anniversary of the Hillsborough disaster.
Liverpool fans reacted with fury after seeing that the interview was conducted with ''The Sun'' - a newspaper which had been boycotted by many people on Merseyside for the intervening years over its reporting of the events at Hillsborough. Although he apologised profusely at the time, Souness has since said that he probably should have resigned.
He made a full recovery from his heart operation and stayed at Liverpool until January 1994. He quit after an FA Cup defeat against Bristol City and was replaced by Roy Evans.
Galatasaray
He went to manage Galatasaray in Turkey, and again managed to court controversy with local issues - nearly sparking a riot after placing a large Galatasaray flag into the centre circle of the pitch of hated rivals Fenerbahçe after Galatasaray had beaten them in the Turkish Cup final. The iconic image of the victor planting the flag drew comparisons with Turkish hero Ulubatli Hasan, who was killed as he planted the Ottoman flag at the end of the Siege of Constantinople. This earned Souness the nickname 'Ulubatli Souness'[3].
Southampton
Souness then returned to England to manage Southampton, but after one season he resigned, citing differences with chairman Rupert Lowe. Probably his most memorable moment was signing Senegalese player Ali Dia, supposedly on the recommendation of former FIFA World Player of the Year and former Liberian striker George Weah. This proved to be a hoax, as when Ali Dia played his only game in the English Premiership as a substitute for Matt Le Tissier, he performed amazingly poorly, and was later substituted himself.
After his stint at Southampton, Souness went back to Italy to become the coach at Torino Calcio, but lasted just four months before being fired.
Benfica
In 1997, Souness was signed by SL Benfica's new chairman Vale e Azevedo, who promised to return the club to its old glories. The Scottish manager brought several British players from the Premier League (defenders Steve Harkness and Gary Charles, midfielders Michael Thomas and Mark Pembridge and forwards Dean Saunders and Brian Deane), all of whom failed to excel. After two seasons without conquering any trophies, Souness was sacked and, with him, all of Benfica's British footballers (including the previously signed left-back Scott Minto).
Blackburn Rovers
He then became manager of Blackburn Rovers, earning promotion back to the Premiership in his first season. During his 4 year spell at Blackburn he unearthed talented youngsters such as Damien Duff, David Dunn and Matt Jansen; he also brought Andy Cole, Brad Friedel, Dwight Yorke and Lucas Neill to the club. Cole who scored along with Jansen to secure a 2-1 League Cup victory over Tottenham Hotspur in 2002. He then guided Rovers to a top 6 finish before a disappointing final season in 2003-2004 when the club avoided relegation.
Newcastle United
Souness left Blackburn in 2004 to become manager of Newcastle United. His appointment was controversial as he replaced local hero, Sir Bobby Robson, who had been sacked by the club.
Souness quickly fell out with a number of players including Welsh international Craig Bellamy who left the club to join Souness's former employers, Blackburn, after being farmed out on loan to Celtic. Laurent Robert, Olivier Bernard and Jermaine Jenas are also believed to have left the club on bad terms with Souness. The team finished 14th in the league and despite making it to the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup and the FA Cup, Souness found himself under mounting pressure from Toon supporters.
Newcastle began the 2005-06 season in poor form but Souness was hoping that the purchase of Michael Owen from Real Madrid on 30 August for an estimated club-record fee of £17 million would help to turn the club's fortunes around. Newcastle recorded a win in the Tyne-Wear derby against Sunderland (3-2), and went on to win their next three games keeping three clean sheets. Souness seemed to be tightening-up Newcastle in defence, with six clean sheets in Newcastle's first 12 games of the season (as many as the whole of the preceding campaign).
Souness's decision to pair two of the best England strikers in Alan Shearer and Michael Owen initially appeared shrewd. However, to Souness's misfortune, Michael Owen cracked the fifth metatarsal of his right foot when he clashed with England team-mate Paul Robinson during a 2-0 defeat at Tottenham on 30 December 2005 and was out of action for approximately 2-3 months, adding to the manager's injury woes.
Criticism of Souness's apparent lack of long term planning centred on a threadbare squad and a consequent vulnerability to injury. Expensive signings such as Jean-Alain Boumsong for £8 million and Albert Luque for £10 million failed to make an impression.
By the end of his reign as Newcastle boss, Souness was deeply unpopular with the Newcastle fans, as evidenced by the frequency and vociferousness of "Souness Out" chants. Newcastle were in 15th place in the Premiership table, despite spending of £50m since Souness's arrival, when his contract was terminated on 2 February 2006. He was replaced by Glenn Roeder.
In the report of the Stevens inquiry into football corruption published in June 2007, Souness was criticised for an apparent lack of consistency:
''“There remains inconsistencies in evidence provided by Graeme Souness - a former manager of the club - and Kenneth Shepherd - apparently acting in an undefined role but not as a club official - as to their respective roles in transfer negotiations.”''[4]
Souness issued a statement denying any wrong-doing: ''"I cannot understand why my name features in this report. I volunteered full information to Quest as a witness and I have heard nothing further from them."''[5]
The Stevens enquiry then issued a clarification: "We wish to make it clear that inconsistencies did not exist within the evidence given by Graeme Souness to Quest concerning his role in transfers covered by the Inquiry during his time as manager of Newcastle United FC and neither the Premier League nor do Quest have any concerns in this regard"[6].
In July 2007, Newcastle United was raided by the City of London Police intent on investigating corrupt transfer dealings involving Newcastle, Rangers and Portsmouth. The enquiries centre on two Souness transfers - Jean Alain Boumsong and Amady Faye. The Boumsong deal in particular was so odd that it was widely commented upon at the time. Four months after succeeding Sir Bobby Robson as manager, Graeme Souness was in his first transfer window as Newcastle manager. At £8.2m, Boumsong was his first big signing and Souness compared the Frenchman to John Terry and Rio Ferdinand in terms of what he might bring to Newcastle's notoriously fragile defence. The difficulty Souness and Newcastle had in persuading assessors of the worth of the deal was twofold. First, that no other club was known to be challenging Rangers to sign Boumsong and, second, that six months earlier Boumsong had left Auxerre for Rangers on a free transfer.
Newcastle were well aware of Boumsong prior to his departure from Auxerre because Robson had travelled to France to watch him. Robson declined the opportunity to sign the centre-half, even on a free transfer, and his doubts about Boumsong's suitability for British football were confirmed when Newcastle's England striker Alan Shearer was marked by Boumsong in a pre-season game against Rangers and came off to speak in dismissive terms about the Frenchman's lack of physicality.
Shearer, famous for guarded comments, even mentioned Boumsong's previous availability on a free transfer on television and when Boumsong made his Newcastle debut against Yeading in the FA Cup at Loftus Road, and was given a torrid time, doubts over the wisdom of the transfer mushroomed. However, Shearer's remarks should be seen in the context that he both kicked and elbowed Boumsong during the friendly match [7] and that, when Boumsong was available for transfer under the Bosman ruling, Liverpool were interested in signing him [8].
Since Newcastle
Souness recently flirted with the idea of succeeding Iain Dowie as manager of Crystal Palace. He was quoted as saying, "I have a lot of time for Simon Jordan and what he is doing at Crystal Palace. We get on. It is certainly something I would be interested in. I'm ready for another challenge and Palace is something that appeals should it arise."[9] However when Jordan offered Souness the job, Souness turned it down, reportedly because of family reasons[10].
Career after management
Media work
Souness is currently employed as a television analyst on Ireland's RTÉ, having been dismissed as manager of the English Premier League side Newcastle United on 2 February, 2006. He also appears regularly as a pundit on Sky Sports, principally on coverage of the Champions League.
Potential career as a football club owner
Souness has been reportedly looking to purchase and run a football club. In January 2007, he was reported by the Daily Mirror to be heading a £20million consortium to take over Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club. He attended a Wolves game as a VIP guest, and made a formal offer for the club, asking to see scrutinise the club's finances. Wolves' chief executive Jez Moxey initially denied this offer, but Souness insisted to the ''Express & Star'' newspaper that he had made an offer for the club. The bid was rejected by the Wolves board, who felt it undervalued the club.[11] Souness did not make a repeat offer for the club and it was later sold to another investor.
Biographies
In 1985, Souness wrote an autobiography called ''No Half Measures''. In 1999 he wrote another book chronicling his post-playing career up to and including his spell at Southampton, entitled ''Souness: The Management Years''.
Souness's life and views beyond football
Private life
Souness has been married to Karen Souness, his second wife, since 1994. Together, the couple have a son, James. Souness also has three children - Chantelle, Fraser, and Jordan - from his previous marriage and two step-children - Daniel and Laura - from Karen's previous relationship.[12].
Political views
Souness's political views have, at various points in his career, generated comment.
In 1982, Souness and team-mate Sammy Lee made cameo appearances, as themselves, in an episode of the BBC's Liverpudlian drama series ''Boys From The Blackstuff''. Written by Alan Bleasdale, the series offered a critique of Thatcherism - and in particular the large-scale unemployment then evident in urban Britain - apparently at odds with Souness's own Conservative politics.[13]
Souness is an opponent of independence for Scotland and a supporter of the Union with England. In 2007, in the lead-up to elections to the Scottish Parliament, Souness was one of 15 prominent current and former footballers named in a newspaper advertisement as opponents of independence.[14]
Career history
'Player'
★ Tottenham Hotspur 1971-1973
★ Montreal Olympique 1972
★ Middlesbrough 1973-1977 - 176 appearances, 22 goals
★ Liverpool 1977-1984 - 247 appearances 38 goals
★ Sampdoria 1984-1986
'Player-Manager'
★ Rangers 1986-1991 - 49 appearances, 3 goals
'Manager'
★ Liverpool 1991-1994
★ Galatasaray 1995-1996
★ Southampton 1996-1997
★ Torino Calcio 1997
★ SL Benfica 1997-1999
★ Blackburn Rovers 2000-2004
★ Newcastle United 2004-2006
Club honours
Honours as player
Tottenham Hotspur
'Winners'
★ 1968-69 FA Youth Cup
Middlesbrough
'Winners'
★ 1973-74 Football League Second Division (Level 2)
Liverpool
'Winners'
★ 1977-78 European Cup
★ 1978-79 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1979-80 Charity Shield
★ 1979-80 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1980-81 Charity Shield
★ 1980-81 League Cup
★ 1980-81 European Cup
★ 1981-82 League Cup
★ 1981-82 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1982-83 Charity Shield
★ 1982-83 League Cup
★ 1982-83 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1983-84 League Cup
★ 1983-84 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1983-84 European Cup
'Runner up'
★ 1977-78 League Championship (Level 1)
★ 1978-79 European Super Cup
★ 1981-82 Intercontinental Cup
★ 1983-84 Charity Shield
Sampdoria
'Winners'
★ 1984-85 Coppa Italia
Rangers
'Winners'
★ 1986-87 Scottish League Cup
★ 1986-87 Scottish Premier League (Level 1)
★ 1987-88 Scottish League Cup
'Runner up'
★ 1988-89 Scottish Cup
Honours as manager
Rangers
'Winners'
★ 1986-87 Scottish League Cup
★ 1986-87 Scottish Premier League (Level 1)
★ 1987-88 Scottish League Cup
★ 1988-89 Scottish League Cup
★ 1988-89 Scottish Premier League (Level 1)
★ 1989-90 Scottish Premier League (Level 1)
★ 1990-91 Scottish League Cup
★ 1990-91 Scottish Premier League (Level 1) (Left with 5 games to go)
'Runner up'
★ 1988-89 Scottish Cup
★ 1989-90 Scottish League Cup
Liverpool
'Winners'
★ 1991-92 FA Cup
'Runner up'
★ 1992-93 Charity Shield
Galatasaray
'Winners'
★ 1995-96 Turkish Cup
★ 1996-97 Turkish Super Cup
Benfica
'Runner up'
★ 1997-98 Portuguese First Division
6th place worst finish in League for Benfica.
Blackburn Rovers
'Winners'
★ 2001-02 League Cup
'Runner up'
★ 2000-01 Football League First Division (Level 2) Promotion
Personal honours as a player or manager
In 1998 Souness was included in the Football League 100 Legends list.
A poll of 110,000 Liverpool supporters - 100 Players Who Shook The Kop[15], saw Souness placed the ninth most popular player in the club's history.
Souness is one of 64 players elected to Rangers' official Hall of Fame.
Souness is one 24 players qualifying for the Scottish national team Hall of Fame.
Managerial statistics
| Team | Nat | From | To | Record | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G | W | L | D | Win % | ||||
| Rangers | April 1 1986 | April 16 1991 | 63 | 39 | 12 | 12 | 61.90 | |
| Liverpool | April 16 1991 | January 28 1994 | 157 | 65 | 45 | 47 | 41.40 | |
| Southampton | July 3 1996 | June 1 1997 | 48 | 14 | 19 | 15 | 29.16 | |
| Torino | July 5 1997 | October 12 1997 | ||||||
| Blackburn Rovers | March 14 2000 | September 6 2004 | 212 | 86 | 65 | 61 | 40.56 | |
| Newcastle United | September 13 2004 | February 2 2006 | 83 | 36 | 29 | 18 | 43.37 | |
Footnotes
1. Hibs and Rangers; Souness being sent off on debut 9.8.86 (Photograph)
2. Football: Ferguson fit of pique extends tradition of managerial spats
3. Ulubatli Souness (In Turkish)
4. What Stevens said about each club
5. Stevens puts spotlight on the agents
6. http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport.cfm?id=980622007
7. http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/sport.cfm?id=880262004
8. http://www.rte.ie/sport/2003/0513/liverpool.html
9. Souness eyes Eagles job
10. Souness turns down Palace
11. Souness makes written Wolves bid
12. The softer side of Toon's hardman
13. Long Distance Love: Growing Up a Liverpool Football Club Fan Grant Farred
14. Scottish football stars urge voters to reject independence call
15. 100 Players Who Shook The Kop - The definitive list
References
★ Souness: The Management Years, Graeme Souness & Mike Ellis, , , Andre Deutsch, 1999, ISBN 0-233-99738-5
★ No Half Measures, Graeme Souness & Bob Harris, , , Grafton Books, 1987, ISBN 0-586-07424-4
External links
★ Official past players at Liverpoolfc.tv
★ LFC Online profile
★ LFChistory.net Player profile
★ LFChistory.net Manager profile
★
★
★ Middlesbrough Seasonal record (Part 1) 1972/73-1974/75 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Middlesbrough Seasonal record (Part 2) 1975/76-1977/78 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Liverpool biography (Part 1) 1978-79 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Liverpool biography (Part 2) 1979-81 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Liverpool biography (Part 3) 1981-83 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Liverpool biography (Part 4) 1983-84 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Liverpool league appearances 1977/78-1983/84 at Sporting-heroes.net
★ Rangers Seasonal record 1986/87-1990/91 at Sporting-heroes.net
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