GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE

The 'Green-tailed Towhee', ''Pipilo chlorurus'', is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the "American sparrow" family Emberizidae.
Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter range in Mexico and the southern edge of the Southwestern United States.
This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a rufous cap. It is fairly tame, but often stays hidden under a bush. It is fairly common in habitats with 'sagebrush' and other such bushes. It is uncommonly seen because of its tendency to stay under cover.

Contents

References

External links

Further reading

Book

Thesis

Articles

References

★ Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

External links

★ photo-1, photo-2 and Article fireflyforest

★ Article & RangeMaps InfoNatura, NatureServe

★ Green-tailed Towhee photo gallery VIREO

★ Green-tailed Towhee videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Further reading

Book

★ Dobbs, R. C., P. R. Martin, and T. E. Martin. 1998. ''Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus)''. In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 368 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Thesis

★ Beedy EC. Ph.D. (1982). ''BIRD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK, CALIFORNIA''. University of California, Davis, United States -- California.

★ Kerley L. Ph.D. (1994). ''Bird responses to habitat fragmentation caused by sagebrush management in a Wyoming sagebrush steppe ecosystem''. University of Wyoming, United States -- Wyoming.

Articles

★ Berry ME & Bock CE. (1998). ''Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '43', no 4. p. 453-461.

★ Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). ''Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models''. Global Ecology & Biogeography. vol '15', no 1. p. 27-38.

★ Dobbs RC & Martin PR. (2000). ''Winter nocturnal roost sites and behavior of some desert passerines in western Texas''. Western Birds. vol '31', no 2. p. 120-122.

★ Erickson RA & Wurster TE. (1998). ''Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '110', no 1. p. 118-120.

★ Ewert DN. (1980). ''Recognition of Conspecific Song by the Rufous-Sided Towhee Pipilo-Erythrophthalmus''. Animal Behaviour. vol '28', no 2. p. 379-386.

★ Garber D. (1969). ''Green-Tailed Towhee in Racine''. Passenger Pigeon. vol '31', no 4.

★ Jehle G, Savidge JA & Kotliar NB. (2006). ''Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland''. Condor. vol '108', no 3. p. 634-646.

★ Knopf FL, Sedgwick JA & Inkley DB. (1990). ''Regional Correspondence among Shrubsteppe Bird Habitats''. Condor. vol '92', no 1. p. 45-53.

★ Martin TE. (1996). ''Fitness costs of resource overlap among coexisting bird species''. Nature. vol '380', no 6572. p. 338-340.

★ Martin TE. (1998). ''Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive?''. Ecology. vol '79', no 2. p. 656-670.

★ Martin TE, Scott J & Menge C. (2000). ''Nest predation increases with parental activity: Separating nest site and parental activity effects''. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol '267', no 1459. p. 2287-2293.

★ Meritt JK. (1976). ''Green-Tailed Towhee in Gloucester County New-Jersey USA''. Cassinia. vol '56', no 28.

★ Mindell DP & Sites JWJ. (1987). ''Tissue Expression Patterns of Avian Isozymes a Preliminary Study of Phylogenetic Applications''. Systematic Zoology. vol '36', no 2. p. 137-152.

★ Morton ML. (1991). ''POSTFLEDGING DISPERSAL OF GREEN-TAILED TOWHEES TO A SUB-ALPINE MEADOW''. Condor. vol '93', no 2. p. 466-468.

★ Noson AC, Schmitz RA & Miller RF. (2006). ''Influence of fire and Juniper encroachment on birds in high-elevation sagebrush steppe''. Western North American Naturalist. vol '66', no 3. p. 343-353.

★ Odell EA & Knight RL. (2001). ''Songbird and medium-sized mammal communities associated with exurban development in Pitkin County, Colorado''. Conservation Biology. vol '15', no 4. p. 1143-1150.

★ Palacios MG & Martin TE. (2006). ''Incubation period and immune function: a comparative field study among coexisting birds''. Oecologia. vol '146', no 4. p. 505-512.

★ Pavlacky DC & Anderson SH. (2004). ''Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community''. Western North American Naturalist. vol '64', no 3. p. 376-384.

★ Ponshair JF. (1980). ''8 Species of Birds New for Ottawa County Michigan USA''. Jack Pine Warbler. vol '58', no 3.

★ Sedgwick JA. (1987). ''Avian Habitat Relationships in Pinyon-Juniper Woodland''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '99', no 3. p. 413-431.

★ Spicer GS. (1978). ''A New Species and Several New Host Records of Avian Nasal Mites Acarina Rhinonyssinae Turbinoptinae''. Journal of Parasitology. vol '64', no 5. p. 891-894.

★ Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). ''Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera''. Auk. vol '113', no 1. p. 59-67.

★ Zwartjes PW & Farley GH. (1998). ''Observations of breeding site fidelity of green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) in central New Mexico''. Texas Journal of Science. vol '50', no 3. p. 258-261.