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(Redirected from Green burial)
An 'eco-cemetery' also known as a green burial ground, or a natural burial preserve, is a cemetery where the body is returned to the earth to decompose and recycle naturally, is an environmentally sustainable alternative to existing funeral practices.
The body is prepared without chemical preservatives such as are used in embalming and is buried in a biodegradable casket or simple shroud.
A natural burial preserve often uses grave markers that don’t intrude on the landscape. These natural markers can include shrubs and trees, or a flat indigenous stone which may be engraved. The burial ground may be designed with centralised memorial structures where visitors can sit within an emerging forest. As in all cemeteries, there are careful records kept of the exact location of each interment, often using modern survey techniques such as GIS.
Planting native trees, shrubs and flowers on or near the grave establishes a living memorial and helps form a protected wildlife preserve. Irrigation is not used, nor are pesticides and herbicides applied; instead, a natural burial preserves, protects and restores nature.
Cemetery legislation protects natural burial preserves in perpetuity from future development while the establishment of a conservation easement prevents future owners from altering the original intent for these burial grounds. These protective covenants are what permit natural burial preserves to function as landscape-level conservation tools.
Natural burial is a statement of personal values for many people who seek to minimise their impact on the planet. For people who are mindful of the cyclical nature of life, a natural burial is a spiritually fulfilling and environmentally benign alternative to conventional burial methods.
Embalming's main purpose is to retard decomposition and as such it is inconsistent with the objectives of eco-cemetery and most sites will not permit the interment of embalmed bodies.
No state or province in North America requires routine embalming of bodies. Refrigeration or dry ice can be substitute for embalming. However this does nothing to restore the appearance of the deceased to a lifelike state for a viewing and the body will continue to decompose unless completely frozen. Special circumstances such as an extended time between death and burial and transportation of remains on commercial flights, may necessitate embalming.
Formaldehyde, the most common embalming fluid, is biodegradable and even well embalmed bodies will decompose after normal ground (rather than vault) burial, save in exceptional circumstances.
Each year, 22,500 cemeteries across the United States bury approximately:
:30 million board feet (70,000 m³) of hardwoods (caskets)
:90,272 tons of steel (caskets)
:14,000 tons of steel (vaults)
:2,700 tons of copper and bronze (caskets)
:1,636,000 tons of reinforced concrete (vaults)
:827,060 US gallons (3,130 m³) of embalming fluid, which most commonly includes formaldehyde. However it is worth noting that embalming fluid chemically changes in the act of preserving the body and is not largely present as a fluid and this figure refers to embalming fluid before it is introduced to the body.
(Compiled from statistics by Casket and Funeral Association of America, Cremation Association of North America, Doric Inc., The Rainforest Action Network, and Mary Woodsen, Pre-Posthumous Society)
'Mike Salisbury' is a leading advocate of the natural burial movement in Canada and the current president of the Natural Burial Co-operative [1]in Toronto. A full member of the Ontario Association of Landscape Architects and the principal of a design firm that specialises in the planning and design of natural cemeteries, [2] Salisbury has helped develop natural burial standards that encourage sustainability in the death care industry and facilitate ecological restoration and landscape level conservation.
In completion of a Masters thesis in Landscape Architecture at the University of Guelph (2002), Mike identified the emerging trend of natural burial taking place in the UK, explored the principle factors affecting modern burial traditions in North America and determined the relative influences these factors were likely to have on the development and design of natural burial preserves in Canada. Entitled “From My Death, May Life Come Forth; A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada”
[3] Salisbury’s thesis was the first scholarly research conducted on the topic of natural burial in North America. [4] The term woodland cemetery was originally used to describe natural burial grounds in the UK;[5]
at the time his thesis was published Ramsey Creek Nature Preserve in South Carolina was the only natural burial ground in existence in North America.[6]
Following the 2005 CBC Newsworld documentary, “Outside the Box”[7], the Natural Burial Co-operative Inc. was established on Earth Day 2006 [8]
and Salisbury was elected president of the co-op. The Natural Burial Co-operative is currently working with several landowners in Ontario to develop Canada’s first natural burial preserve.
In May 2004 Salisbury developed the Forest of Memories website to provide a comprehensive, free an online resource supporting the development of natural burial across North America. Salisbury’s website provides background information about natural burial, FAQs, existing research and resources, state laws, products, professionals and consultants, and a comprehensive list of existing and planned green burial grounds in the United States and Canada.
As the principal of Earthartist Landscape Architecture, Salisbury provides planning design and consultation to groups throughout North America involved in establishing new natural burial grounds.
An ecological funeral, also known as ''promession'', is a method for allowing the body of the deceased to decompose in an environmentally-friendly way using liquid nitrogen. It was invented and patented in 1999 by the Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak.
The first eco-cemetery was created at Carlisle Cemetery in the United Kingdom in 1993 and was called ''woodland burial''. Since that date over 200 natural burial sites have been created in the UK making it one of the fastest growing environmental movements.
'Billy Campbell', a rural doctor, an environmentalist and a pioneer in the Green Burial Movement in the USA opening the first modern "green cemetery" in North America.
In 1998, he and his wife, Kimberley, opened the Ramsey Creek Preserve in upstate South Carolina. It specializes in burials that eschew embalming, traditional coffins and headstones in favor of a simpler, less costly, more natural approach. Graves are hand-dug, and instead of using expensive, finished coffins, the dead are buried in shrouds or a plain wooden box without a vault or grave liner.
Many graves do not have any markers at all, and those that have markers use simple, flat stones with modest engraving. Global Positioning Satellite equipment helps mourners find the unmarked graves when they visit. Instead of placing cut flowers on graves, families are invited to a plant tree or shrub -- but the plantings must be native to the area.The goal also is to create a nature preserve that benefits the community. The living are invited to hike or picnic and observe wildlife at the 37-acre preserve.
Campbell also founded Memorial EcoSystems, which offers consulting services to others interested in developing green burial sites. The goal is to have one green burial site in each state.
Campbell studied ecology and the environment in college before going forward with his medical degree. He practices near the town of Westminster, S.C., and has been active for years in land conservation.
'Joe Sehee' is a leading advocate of the Green Burial Movement in the United States. Joe is the executive director of the Green Burial Council, a non-profit organization he founded to encourage sustainability in the death care industry and to use the burial process as a means of facilitating ecological restoration and landscape level conservation.
The organization recently established the nation's first certifiable standards for cemeteries, funeral providers, and cremations facilities. Conventional funeral providers in eight states will now be offering the Green Burial Council approved burial package, providing a way for consumer to identify death care professionals willing to assist them with environmentally conscious end-of-life rituals.
Sehee also works as a consultant bringing together land trusts, park service agencies, open space districts, and disposition companies for the purpose of permanently protecting endangered landscapes throughout the US.
A Peabody Award-winning journalist, Joe previously worked as an affordable housing advocate for the Bay Area Council/Association of Bay Area Governments, and as a Jesuit lay minister at the University of San Francisco where he directed the campus peace and social justice program.
'Tyler Cassity' rose to prominence in the death care industry by taking a bankrupt cemetery in a borderline part of Los Angeles and turning it into Hollywood Forever, where he had movies projected on the side of Rudolph Valentino’s mausoleum, and displayed his “LifeStories,” which are A&E-style video biographies of the dead. Tyler Cassity has been involved in several films and has worked as a consultant on HBO's ''Six Feet Under''.
The Fernwood Burial Ground in Marin County's Tennessee Valley dates from the 19th century and is adjacent to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Tyler Cassity's Forever Enterprises purchased it in 2004. The Fernwood property is 32 acres with part of it set aside for natural burial with no tombstones or caskets. Instead, bodies are buried there in ways that aid natural decomposition, and survivors can locate their loved-ones’ burial site with a handheld device that contains a GPS location finder.
'Mary Woodsen' is a science writer at Cornell University and a freelance journalist and is a trustee and officer (president) of Greensprings Natural Cemetery Preserve in Newfield, New York.
Mary also a long-time member of the Finger Lakes Land Trust, which protects 8,000 acres (32 km²) in the Finger Lakes and Southern Rivers regions, the Cayuga chapter of Keeping Track (a national organization working with local groups around the country that document the presence of keystone wildlife species in their areas, the better to inform decisions about local and regional land use), a task force looking at conservation zoning in her township of Danby, the Society of Environmental Journalists, the Society of Conservation Biology, and the National Association of Science Writers.
Greensprings Natural Cemetery was the third natural burial ground to be established in North America.[1] One-hundred acres of rolling hilltop meadows south of Cayuga Lake in New York's Finger Lakes region. Greensprings on Irish Hill is bounded by 4,000 acre (16 km²) Arnot Forest and 4,000 acre (16 km²) Newfield State Forest.
'Mark Dahlby' is a leading advocate of the natural burial movement in the Midwestern United States, including Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois. Dahlby co-founded and currently serves as executive director of the green burial land trust Trust for Natural Legacies [9]. Trust for Natural Legacies is the first green cemetery organization to utilize eco-cemeteries as a conservation tool for traditional non-profit land trusts. Mark is also an attorney focusing on environmental, real estate and estate planning matters in Wisconsin, is the Conservation Chair of the Sierra Club's John Muir Chapter and is a leader in environmental education in the state of Wisconsin. Mark previously worked with Joe Sehee, Mike Salisbury and others in moving forward the development of national standards for green burial practices.
The Green Burial Council, an independent, non-profit organization founded to encourage ethical and sustainable practices in the death care industry has developed a certification program for natural burial grounds in North America. This certification identifies organisations which operate in a consumer friendly and environmentally conscious manner and recognises natural burial preserves that further a long-term stewardship objective.
1.
Natural Burial Co-operative Members
2.
Earthartist - Spiritual Burial Landscapes for a Greener "Beyond"
3.
From My Death, May Life Come Forth; A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada
4. Subsequent research referencing Salisbury’s research include Hodych, Anastasia "Disturbing Ground; A Socio-environmental Model for the Green Cemetery in Manitoba" University of Manitoba, Department of Landscape Architecture MLA 2004 and Rabbe, Corrie The Impact of Religion on the Establishment of Green Burial Grounds in Canada” University of Ottawa, Department of Social Studies MA 2006
5.
The Natural Death Centre - Canadian Resources
6. In 2004, Forever Fernwood natural burial ground was established in Marin County CA followed by Greensprings Natural Burial Preserve in Ithaca NY in 2006
7.
"Outside the Box" - Jokinen, Tom - Producer
8.
Earth Day Founding
9. Trust for Natural Legacies
★ Forest of Memories. Information and resources supporting natural burial in North America: state/provincial cemetery laws, natural burial products, a complete listing and description of natural burial cemeteries across North America and a comprehensive archive of natural burial magazine and newspaper articles dating back to the mid 1990's.
★ The Green Burial Council. Based in the USA, the Council has established "Green Certified" protocols for cemetery site selection, memorial nature preserve operators, funeral providers and cremation facilities. The Center offers memberships for organizations meeting their stringent environmental standards.
★ Memorial Ecosystems. Formed in 1996 by Dr. Billy Campbell, the creator of the first conservation burial ground.
★ Honey Creek Woodlands. A Memorial Ecosystems devlelopment located in Conyers, Georgia. It is scheduled to open in Fall 2007 at the Monastery of the Holy Spirit.
★ Trust for Natural Legacies. Based in Madison, Wisconsin, Trust for Natural Legacies (TNL) is a non-profit land trust committed to preserving and restoring natural areas throughout the Midwest. One of the primary ways TNL funds protection of these natural areas is by owning, operating and promoting small, strategically-designed conservation cemeteries within larger, public-access nature preserves.
★ Funeral Consumers Alliance. Celebrating 40 years of protecting a consumer's right to choose a meaningful, dignified, affordable funeral.
★ Association of Natural Burial Grounds. Based in the United Kingdom, this organization offers advice on "How To Set Up a Natural Burial Grounds" publishes a "Code of Practice" and offers a newsletter for members and several publications for the general public.
★ Earthartist Landscape Architecture. Mike Salisbury, author of "A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada," specializes in spiritual landscape design, and natural playground design.
★ Sky burial
★ Ramsey Creek Nature Preserve
★ Honey Creek Woodlands
★ Trust For Natural Legacies
★ Prairie Wilderness Cemetery
★ Greensprings Natural Cemetery
★ Glendale Nature Preserve
★ Natural Burial Co-operative
★ Olney Green Burial Ground, UK
An 'eco-cemetery' also known as a green burial ground, or a natural burial preserve, is a cemetery where the body is returned to the earth to decompose and recycle naturally, is an environmentally sustainable alternative to existing funeral practices.
Burial
The body is prepared without chemical preservatives such as are used in embalming and is buried in a biodegradable casket or simple shroud.
A natural burial preserve often uses grave markers that don’t intrude on the landscape. These natural markers can include shrubs and trees, or a flat indigenous stone which may be engraved. The burial ground may be designed with centralised memorial structures where visitors can sit within an emerging forest. As in all cemeteries, there are careful records kept of the exact location of each interment, often using modern survey techniques such as GIS.
Planting native trees, shrubs and flowers on or near the grave establishes a living memorial and helps form a protected wildlife preserve. Irrigation is not used, nor are pesticides and herbicides applied; instead, a natural burial preserves, protects and restores nature.
Cemetery legislation protects natural burial preserves in perpetuity from future development while the establishment of a conservation easement prevents future owners from altering the original intent for these burial grounds. These protective covenants are what permit natural burial preserves to function as landscape-level conservation tools.
Natural burial is a statement of personal values for many people who seek to minimise their impact on the planet. For people who are mindful of the cyclical nature of life, a natural burial is a spiritually fulfilling and environmentally benign alternative to conventional burial methods.
Embalming
Embalming's main purpose is to retard decomposition and as such it is inconsistent with the objectives of eco-cemetery and most sites will not permit the interment of embalmed bodies.
No state or province in North America requires routine embalming of bodies. Refrigeration or dry ice can be substitute for embalming. However this does nothing to restore the appearance of the deceased to a lifelike state for a viewing and the body will continue to decompose unless completely frozen. Special circumstances such as an extended time between death and burial and transportation of remains on commercial flights, may necessitate embalming.
Formaldehyde, the most common embalming fluid, is biodegradable and even well embalmed bodies will decompose after normal ground (rather than vault) burial, save in exceptional circumstances.
Coffins
 | Most "traditional" caskets are made from chipboard covered in a thin veneer. Handles are usually plastic, designed to look like brass. The chipboard requires formaldehyde glues to stick the wood particles together, which causes pollution when cremated or biodegrading. More expensive caskets and coffins are often manufactured using exotic and in some cases endangered species of wood and designed to prevent decomposition. While there are generally no restrictions on the type of coffin used, most sites encourage the use of environmentally friendly coffins made from cardboard or wicker. A simple cotton shroud is another option. |
Environmental issues with conventional burial
Each year, 22,500 cemeteries across the United States bury approximately:
:30 million board feet (70,000 m³) of hardwoods (caskets)
:90,272 tons of steel (caskets)
:14,000 tons of steel (vaults)
:2,700 tons of copper and bronze (caskets)
:1,636,000 tons of reinforced concrete (vaults)
:827,060 US gallons (3,130 m³) of embalming fluid, which most commonly includes formaldehyde. However it is worth noting that embalming fluid chemically changes in the act of preserving the body and is not largely present as a fluid and this figure refers to embalming fluid before it is introduced to the body.
(Compiled from statistics by Casket and Funeral Association of America, Cremation Association of North America, Doric Inc., The Rainforest Action Network, and Mary Woodsen, Pre-Posthumous Society)
A history of natural burial by country
Canada
'Mike Salisbury' is a leading advocate of the natural burial movement in Canada and the current president of the Natural Burial Co-operative [1]in Toronto. A full member of the Ontario Association of Landscape Architects and the principal of a design firm that specialises in the planning and design of natural cemeteries, [2] Salisbury has helped develop natural burial standards that encourage sustainability in the death care industry and facilitate ecological restoration and landscape level conservation.
In completion of a Masters thesis in Landscape Architecture at the University of Guelph (2002), Mike identified the emerging trend of natural burial taking place in the UK, explored the principle factors affecting modern burial traditions in North America and determined the relative influences these factors were likely to have on the development and design of natural burial preserves in Canada. Entitled “From My Death, May Life Come Forth; A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada”
[3] Salisbury’s thesis was the first scholarly research conducted on the topic of natural burial in North America. [4] The term woodland cemetery was originally used to describe natural burial grounds in the UK;[5]
at the time his thesis was published Ramsey Creek Nature Preserve in South Carolina was the only natural burial ground in existence in North America.[6]
Following the 2005 CBC Newsworld documentary, “Outside the Box”[7], the Natural Burial Co-operative Inc. was established on Earth Day 2006 [8]
and Salisbury was elected president of the co-op. The Natural Burial Co-operative is currently working with several landowners in Ontario to develop Canada’s first natural burial preserve.
In May 2004 Salisbury developed the Forest of Memories website to provide a comprehensive, free an online resource supporting the development of natural burial across North America. Salisbury’s website provides background information about natural burial, FAQs, existing research and resources, state laws, products, professionals and consultants, and a comprehensive list of existing and planned green burial grounds in the United States and Canada.
As the principal of Earthartist Landscape Architecture, Salisbury provides planning design and consultation to groups throughout North America involved in establishing new natural burial grounds.
Sweden
An ecological funeral, also known as ''promession'', is a method for allowing the body of the deceased to decompose in an environmentally-friendly way using liquid nitrogen. It was invented and patented in 1999 by the Swedish biologist Susanne Wiigh-Mäsak.
United Kingdom
The first eco-cemetery was created at Carlisle Cemetery in the United Kingdom in 1993 and was called ''woodland burial''. Since that date over 200 natural burial sites have been created in the UK making it one of the fastest growing environmental movements.
United States
'Billy Campbell', a rural doctor, an environmentalist and a pioneer in the Green Burial Movement in the USA opening the first modern "green cemetery" in North America.
In 1998, he and his wife, Kimberley, opened the Ramsey Creek Preserve in upstate South Carolina. It specializes in burials that eschew embalming, traditional coffins and headstones in favor of a simpler, less costly, more natural approach. Graves are hand-dug, and instead of using expensive, finished coffins, the dead are buried in shrouds or a plain wooden box without a vault or grave liner.
Many graves do not have any markers at all, and those that have markers use simple, flat stones with modest engraving. Global Positioning Satellite equipment helps mourners find the unmarked graves when they visit. Instead of placing cut flowers on graves, families are invited to a plant tree or shrub -- but the plantings must be native to the area.The goal also is to create a nature preserve that benefits the community. The living are invited to hike or picnic and observe wildlife at the 37-acre preserve.
Campbell also founded Memorial EcoSystems, which offers consulting services to others interested in developing green burial sites. The goal is to have one green burial site in each state.
Campbell studied ecology and the environment in college before going forward with his medical degree. He practices near the town of Westminster, S.C., and has been active for years in land conservation.
'Joe Sehee' is a leading advocate of the Green Burial Movement in the United States. Joe is the executive director of the Green Burial Council, a non-profit organization he founded to encourage sustainability in the death care industry and to use the burial process as a means of facilitating ecological restoration and landscape level conservation.
The organization recently established the nation's first certifiable standards for cemeteries, funeral providers, and cremations facilities. Conventional funeral providers in eight states will now be offering the Green Burial Council approved burial package, providing a way for consumer to identify death care professionals willing to assist them with environmentally conscious end-of-life rituals.
Sehee also works as a consultant bringing together land trusts, park service agencies, open space districts, and disposition companies for the purpose of permanently protecting endangered landscapes throughout the US.
A Peabody Award-winning journalist, Joe previously worked as an affordable housing advocate for the Bay Area Council/Association of Bay Area Governments, and as a Jesuit lay minister at the University of San Francisco where he directed the campus peace and social justice program.
'Tyler Cassity' rose to prominence in the death care industry by taking a bankrupt cemetery in a borderline part of Los Angeles and turning it into Hollywood Forever, where he had movies projected on the side of Rudolph Valentino’s mausoleum, and displayed his “LifeStories,” which are A&E-style video biographies of the dead. Tyler Cassity has been involved in several films and has worked as a consultant on HBO's ''Six Feet Under''.
The Fernwood Burial Ground in Marin County's Tennessee Valley dates from the 19th century and is adjacent to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Tyler Cassity's Forever Enterprises purchased it in 2004. The Fernwood property is 32 acres with part of it set aside for natural burial with no tombstones or caskets. Instead, bodies are buried there in ways that aid natural decomposition, and survivors can locate their loved-ones’ burial site with a handheld device that contains a GPS location finder.
'Mary Woodsen' is a science writer at Cornell University and a freelance journalist and is a trustee and officer (president) of Greensprings Natural Cemetery Preserve in Newfield, New York.
Mary also a long-time member of the Finger Lakes Land Trust, which protects 8,000 acres (32 km²) in the Finger Lakes and Southern Rivers regions, the Cayuga chapter of Keeping Track (a national organization working with local groups around the country that document the presence of keystone wildlife species in their areas, the better to inform decisions about local and regional land use), a task force looking at conservation zoning in her township of Danby, the Society of Environmental Journalists, the Society of Conservation Biology, and the National Association of Science Writers.
Greensprings Natural Cemetery was the third natural burial ground to be established in North America.[1] One-hundred acres of rolling hilltop meadows south of Cayuga Lake in New York's Finger Lakes region. Greensprings on Irish Hill is bounded by 4,000 acre (16 km²) Arnot Forest and 4,000 acre (16 km²) Newfield State Forest.
'Mark Dahlby' is a leading advocate of the natural burial movement in the Midwestern United States, including Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois. Dahlby co-founded and currently serves as executive director of the green burial land trust Trust for Natural Legacies [9]. Trust for Natural Legacies is the first green cemetery organization to utilize eco-cemeteries as a conservation tool for traditional non-profit land trusts. Mark is also an attorney focusing on environmental, real estate and estate planning matters in Wisconsin, is the Conservation Chair of the Sierra Club's John Muir Chapter and is a leader in environmental education in the state of Wisconsin. Mark previously worked with Joe Sehee, Mike Salisbury and others in moving forward the development of national standards for green burial practices.
The Green Burial Council, an independent, non-profit organization founded to encourage ethical and sustainable practices in the death care industry has developed a certification program for natural burial grounds in North America. This certification identifies organisations which operate in a consumer friendly and environmentally conscious manner and recognises natural burial preserves that further a long-term stewardship objective.
References
1.
Natural Burial Co-operative Members
2.
Earthartist - Spiritual Burial Landscapes for a Greener "Beyond"
3.
From My Death, May Life Come Forth; A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada
4. Subsequent research referencing Salisbury’s research include Hodych, Anastasia "Disturbing Ground; A Socio-environmental Model for the Green Cemetery in Manitoba" University of Manitoba, Department of Landscape Architecture MLA 2004 and Rabbe, Corrie The Impact of Religion on the Establishment of Green Burial Grounds in Canada” University of Ottawa, Department of Social Studies MA 2006
5.
The Natural Death Centre - Canadian Resources
6. In 2004, Forever Fernwood natural burial ground was established in Marin County CA followed by Greensprings Natural Burial Preserve in Ithaca NY in 2006
7.
"Outside the Box" - Jokinen, Tom - Producer
8.
Earth Day Founding
9. Trust for Natural Legacies
External links
Organizations
★ Forest of Memories. Information and resources supporting natural burial in North America: state/provincial cemetery laws, natural burial products, a complete listing and description of natural burial cemeteries across North America and a comprehensive archive of natural burial magazine and newspaper articles dating back to the mid 1990's.
★ The Green Burial Council. Based in the USA, the Council has established "Green Certified" protocols for cemetery site selection, memorial nature preserve operators, funeral providers and cremation facilities. The Center offers memberships for organizations meeting their stringent environmental standards.
★ Memorial Ecosystems. Formed in 1996 by Dr. Billy Campbell, the creator of the first conservation burial ground.
★ Honey Creek Woodlands. A Memorial Ecosystems devlelopment located in Conyers, Georgia. It is scheduled to open in Fall 2007 at the Monastery of the Holy Spirit.
★ Trust for Natural Legacies. Based in Madison, Wisconsin, Trust for Natural Legacies (TNL) is a non-profit land trust committed to preserving and restoring natural areas throughout the Midwest. One of the primary ways TNL funds protection of these natural areas is by owning, operating and promoting small, strategically-designed conservation cemeteries within larger, public-access nature preserves.
★ Funeral Consumers Alliance. Celebrating 40 years of protecting a consumer's right to choose a meaningful, dignified, affordable funeral.
★ Association of Natural Burial Grounds. Based in the United Kingdom, this organization offers advice on "How To Set Up a Natural Burial Grounds" publishes a "Code of Practice" and offers a newsletter for members and several publications for the general public.
★ Earthartist Landscape Architecture. Mike Salisbury, author of "A Feasibility Study of the Woodland Cemetery in Canada," specializes in spiritual landscape design, and natural playground design.
See also
★ Sky burial
Natural burial preserves
★ Ramsey Creek Nature Preserve
★ Honey Creek Woodlands
★ Trust For Natural Legacies
★ Prairie Wilderness Cemetery
★ Greensprings Natural Cemetery
★ Glendale Nature Preserve
★ Natural Burial Co-operative
★ Olney Green Burial Ground, UK
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