GROUND BEETLE

Beetles within the Coleoptera family 'Carabidae' are commonly known as 'ground beetles'.
Carabidae is a large family, with more than 20,000 species worldwide (approximately 2,200 of which reside in North America). Most species are carnivorous, and some will run swiftly to catch their prey. Although there is some variation in their body shape and coloring, most are shiny, black (some are metallic), and have ridged elytra (wing covers). Ground beetles in the genus ''Brachinus'' are commonly known as bombardier beetles; they are noted for their defensive ability to squirt a jet of hot foul-smelling liquid from their abdomens. Ground beetles in the subfamily Cicindelinae are known as tiger beetles. Unlike most of the other species of Carabidae, which are nocturnal, the tiger beetles are active diurnal hunters, and often brightly coloured. All species except the more primitive Paussinae, have a groove on their front tibiae (leg) bearing a comb of hairs, for cleaning their antennae. Common habitats are under the bark of trees, under logs, or amongst rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers.
Ground beetles of the species ''Promecognathus laevissimus'' are specialised predators of the millipede ''Harpaphe haydeniana'', countering the hydrogen cyanide defence mechanism used by the millipede.

Contents

Pest control

Classification

References

External links

Pest control

The most affective method of controlling this particular pest is to spray likely points of entry; such as windows, doors and skirting boards with a repellent known as cypetmethrin. The beauty of this insecticide is that it's not really harmful to humans or household pets; and ground beetles hate it with a passion.

Classification

An incomplete list of subfamilies and genera:

★ Brachininae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Brachinus'' Weber, 1801

★ Broscinae Hope, 1838

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★ ''Acallistus'' Sharp, 1886

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★ ''Adotela'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1867

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★ ''Axonya'' Andrewes, 1923

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★ ''Baripus'' Dejean, 1828

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★ ''Bountya'' Townsend, 1971

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★ ''Brithysternum'' Macleay, 1873

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★ ''Broscodera'' Lindroth, 1961

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★ ''Broscodes'' Bolivar, 1914

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★ ''Broscosoma'' Rosenhauer, 1846

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★ ''Broscus'' Panzer, 1813

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★ ''Brullea'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1868

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★ ''Cascellius'' Curtis, 1839

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★ ''Cerotalis'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1868

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★ ''Chaetobroscus'' Semenov, 1900

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★ ''Chylnus'' Sloane, 1920

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★ ''Craspedonotus'' Schaum, 1863

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★ ''Creobius'' Guérin-Méneville, 1838

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★ ''Diglymma'' Sharp, 1886

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★ ''Eobroscus'' Kruizhanovskií, 1951

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★ ''Eurylychnus'' Bates, 1891

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★ ''Gnathoxys'' Westwood, 1842

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★ ''Mecodema'' Blanchard, 1853

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★ ''Metaglymma'' Bates, 1867

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★ ''Microbarypus'' Roig-Juñent, 2000

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★ ''Miscodera'' Eschscholtz, 1830

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★ ''Nothobroscus'' Roig-Juñent & Ball, 1995

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★ ''Nothocascellius'' Roig-Juñent, 1995

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★ ''Oregus'' Putzeys, 1868

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★ ''Parroa'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1868

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★ ''Percolestus'' Sloane, 1892

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★ ''Percosoma'' Schaum, 1858

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★ ''Promecoderus'' Dejean, 1829

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★ ''Rawlinsius'' Davidson & Ball, 1998

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★ ''Zacotus'' Leconte, 1869

★ Carabinae Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Calosoma'' Weber, 1801

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★ ''Carabus'' Linnaeus, 1758

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★ ''Cychrus'' Fabricius, 1794

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★ ''Leistus'' Frölich, 1799

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★ ''Nebria'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Notiophilus'' Dumeril, 1806

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★ ''Pelophila'' Dejean, 1821

★ Cicindelinae Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Cicindela'' Linnaeus, 1758

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★ ''Cylindera'' Westwood, 1831

★ Elaphrinae Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Blethisa'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Diacheila'' Motschulsky, 1845

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★ ''Elaphrus'' Fabricius, 1775

★ Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Abax'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Acupalpus'' Dejean, 1829

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★ ''Agonum'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Amara'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Anchomenus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Anisodactylus'' Dejean, 1829

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★ ''Anthracus'' Motschulsky, 1850

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★ ''Badister'' Clairville, 1806

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★ ''Blackburnia''

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★ ''Bradycellus'' Erichson, 1837

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★ ''Calathus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Callistus'' Bonelli, 1809

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★ ''Calodromius'' Reitter, 1905

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★ ''Chlaenius'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Cymindis'' Latreille, 1806

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★ ''Demetrias'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Diachromus'' Erichson, 1837

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★ ''Dicheirotrichus'' Jacqelin du Val, 1857

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★ ''Dolichus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Dromius'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Harpalus'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Laemostenus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Lebia'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Licinus'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Lionychus'' Wissman, 1846

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★ ''Masoreus'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Microderes'' Faldermann, 1835

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★ ''Microlestes'' Schmidt-Goebel, 1846

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★ ''Odacantha'' Paykull, 1798

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★ ''Olisthopus'' Dejean, 1828

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★ ''Oodes'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Ophonus'' Stephens, 1828

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★ ''Oxyselaphus'' Chaudoir, 1843

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★ ''Panagaeus'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Paradromius'' Fowler, 1887

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★ ''Paranchus'' Lindroth, 1974

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★ ''Pedius'' Motschulsky, 1850

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★ ''Perigona'' Laporte de Castelnau, 1835

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★ ''Philorhizus'' Hope, 1838

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★ ''Platyderus'' Stephens, 1828

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★ ''Platynus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Plochionus'' Wiedemann, 1823

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★ ''Poecilus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Pterostichus'' Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Sericoda'' Kirby, 1837

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★ ''Sphodrus'' Clairville, 1806

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★ ''Stenolophus'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Stomis'' Clairville, 1806

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★ ''Syntomus'' Hope, 1838

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★ ''Synuchus'' Gyllenhal, 1810

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★ ''Zabrus'' Clairville, 1806

★ Loricerinae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Loricera'' Latreille, 1802

★ Omophroninae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Omophron'' Latreille, 1802

★ Paussinae

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★ ''Arthropterus'' Macleay, 1838

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★ ''Megalopaussus'' Lea, 1906

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★ ''Mystropomus'' Chaudoir, 1848

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★ ''Paussus''

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★ ''Sinometrius'' Wrase & Schmidt, 2006

★ Psydrinae

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★ ''Mecyclothorax''

★ Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Dyschirius'' Bonelli, 1810

★ Trechinae Bonelli, 1810

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★ ''Aepus'' Samouelle, 1819

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★ ''Amerizus'' - includes ''Gnatholymnaeum''

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★ ''Asaphidion'' Des Gozis, 1886

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★ ''Bembidion'' Latreille, 1802

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★ ''Blemus'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Broscus'' Panzer, 1813

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★ ''Cillenus'' Leach, 1819

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★ ''Miscodera'' Eschscholtz, 1830

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★ ''Ocys'' Stephens, 1828

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★ ''Patrobus'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Perileptus'' Schaum, 1860

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★ ''Pogonus'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Porotachys'' Netolitzky, 1914

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★ ''Rhysodes'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Tachyra'' Motschulsky, 1862

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★ ''Tachys'' Dejean, 1821

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★ ''Tachyta'' Kirby, 1837

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★ ''Trechoblemus'' Ganglbauer, 1891

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★ ''Trechosia'' Jeannel, 1926

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★ ''Trechus'' Clairville, 1806

★ ''incertae sedis''

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★ ''Acinopus'' Latreille

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★ ''Agatus'' Motschulsky, 1844

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★ ''Amblystomus'' Erichson

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★ ''Apotomus'' Illiger

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★ ''Apristus'' Chaudoir

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★ ''Aptinus'' Bonelli

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★ ''Callisthenes'' Fischer de Waldheim

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★ ''Cardioderus'' Dejean

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★ ''Carterus'' Dejean

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★ ''Clivina'' Latreille

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★ ''Corsyra'' Dejean

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★ ''Cychrus'' Fabricius

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★ ''Daptus'' Fischer de Waldheim

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★ ''Deltomerus'' Motschulsky

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★ ''Diachila'' Motschulsky

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★ ''Dichirotrichus'' Gemminger & Harold

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★ ''Ditomus'' Bonelli

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★ ''Drypta'' Latreille

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★ ''Duvaliopsis'' Jeannel

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★ ''Duvalius'' Delarouzée

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★ ''Gynandromorphus'' Dejean

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★ ''Harpalobrachys'' Tschitscherin

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★ ''Hemiaulax'' Bates

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★ ''Lasiotrechus'' Ganglbauer

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★ ''Limnastis'' Motschulsky

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★ ''Lorocera'' Latreille

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★ ''Mastax'' Fischer de Waldheim

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★ ''Metabletus'' Schmidt-Goebel

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★ ''Molops'' Bonelli

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★ ''Odontonyx'' Stephens

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★ ''Omophoron'' Latreille

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★ ''Parophonus'' Ganglbauer

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★ ''Penthus'' Chaudoir

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★ ''Polystichus'' Bonelli

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★ ''Pseudaphaenops'' Winkler

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★ ''Scarites'' Fabricius

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★ ''Taphoxenus'' Motschulsky

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★ ''Thalassophilus'' Wollaston

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★ ''Trachypachys'' Motschulsky

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★ ''Trichocellus'' Ganglbauer

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★ ''Trichotichnus'' A. Morawitz

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★ ''Zuphium'' Latreille
Subfamily - Agoninae

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★ Three genera in South Australia

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★ Laemostenus - one species

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★ Notogonum - Three species

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★ Homothes - four species

References

★ Edmund Reitter. ''Fauna Germanica''. Käfer, 1908, I:67-201.

★ C. H. Lindroth. ''Svensk Insectenfauna 9, Coleoptera, Carabidae''. Stockholm, 1942 : 1-260.

★ E. Csiki. ''Die Aäferfauna des Karpaten-Beckens''. Budapest 1946, 1:71-546.

★ K. Kult. ''Klic k urcovani brouku celedi Carabidae Ceskoslovenske republiky''. Praha 1947:1-198.

External links

★ Tree of Life page, Family Carabidae, with pictures

★ OPH Good Housekeeping - Household Pest Control