HMS HOOD (51)
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:''For other ships of this name see HMS Hood (disambiguation).
'HMS ''Hood''' (pennant number 51) was a battlecruiser of the Royal Navy. She was one of four ''Admiral''-class battlecruisers ordered in mid-1916 under the Emergency War Programme. Although the design was drastically revised after the Battle of Jutland, it was realised that there were serious limitations even to the revised design; for this reason, and because of evidence that the German battlecruisers that they were designed to counter were unlikely to be completed, work on her sister ships was suspended in 1917. As a result, ''Hood'' was Britain's last completed battlecruiser. She was named after the 18th century Admiral Samuel Hood.
Construction of ''Hood'' began at the John Brown & Company shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, on 1 September 1916. Following the loss of three British battlecruisers at the Battle of Jutland, 5,000 tons of extra armour and bracing was added to ''Hood's design. The intention behind this change was to give her protection against 15 inch (381 mm) guns, such as her own— in theory moving her to the status of a true battleship. This led to some describing her as the first fast battleship, since the ''Hood'' appeared to have improvements over the revolutionary ''Queen Elizabeth''-class battleships. To add to the confusion, Royal Navy documents of the period often describe any battleship with a speed of over about 24 knots (44 km/h) as a battlecruiser, regardless of the amount of protective armour.[1][2] Classification as a battlecruiser notwithstanding, she was the largest capital ship in the British fleet at the time of her commissioning; ''Hood'' was much longer than any other British capital ship and only marginally lighter (at full load) than Britain's heaviest ever battleship, HMS ''Vanguard'', which was not commissioned until 1946.
However, the reworking was hurried and incomplete and hence flawed. Only the forward cordite magazines were moved below the shell rooms — cordite explosions destroyed the Royal Navy battlecruisers lost at Jutland. The combination of the deck and side armour did not provide continuous protection against shells arriving at all angles. Most seriously, the deck protection was flawed — spread over three decks, it was designed to explode an incoming shell on impact with the top deck, with much of the energy being absorbed as the exploding shell had to penetrate the armour of the next two decks. The development of effective time delay shells at the end of World War I made this scheme much less effective, as the intact shell would penetrate layers of weak armour and explode deep inside the ship. In addition, she was grossly overweight compared to her original design, making her a wet ship with a highly stressed structure. It was seriously suggested that she should be scrapped before she was launched; the post-war economy drive made replacing her impossible however.
Construction on her sister ships HMS ''Anson'', ''Howe'', and ''Rodney'' was stopped in March 1917, although work continued on ''Hood''. Two factors were at work regarding this decision. Firstly, the German ships to which the class were a response were never completed. Secondly, the flaws in her protection and design were apparent: the repeated redesigns of the sister ships did not solve them. Instead, a series of studies leading to the N3 battleship and G3 battlecruiser designs was started.
She was launched on 22 August 1918 by the widow of Admiral Sir Horace Hood, a Jutland casualty and distant relative of the famous Lord Hood for whom the ship was named. After fitting out and trials, she was commissioned on 15 May 1920, under Captain Wilfred Tomkinson, and became flagship of the British Atlantic Fleet's Battle Cruiser Squadron. She had cost £6,025,000 to build.[3] With her conspicuous twin funnels and lean profile, ''Hood'' was widely considered a very graceful warship.
| HMS ''Hood'' (51) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Career |  RN Ensign |
| Ordered: | 7 April 1916 |
| Laid down: | 1 September 1916 |
| Launched: | 22 August 1918 |
| Commissioned: | 15 May 1920 |
| Fate: | Sunk during the Battle of the Denmark Strait on 24 May 1941 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1918: 45,200 tons full load; 1940: 48,360 tons full load |
| Length: | 860 ft 7 in (262.3 m) |
| Beam: | 104 ft 2 in (31.7 m) |
| Draught: | 33 ft 1 in (10.1 m) |
| Propulsion: | 24 Yarrow small tube oil fired boilers; 4 Brown-Curtiss geared steam turbines, 4 shafts, 3-bladed propellers - 15 ft (4.6 m) diameter; Power: Designed - 144,000 shp (107 MW); 1920 trials: 151,200 shp (113 MW) |
| Speed: | 1920: 31 knots (57 km/h); 1941: 29 knots (54 km/h) |
| Range: | 1931: 5,332 nmi (10,000 km) @ 20 knots (37 km/h) |
| Complement: | 1921: 1,169; 1941: 1,418 |
| Armament (1939): | 8 × BL 15 inch /42 naval gun (381 mm) (4×2) 12 × 5.5 in (140 mm) (12×1) 8 × 4 in (102 mm) dual purpose guns (4×2) 24 × 2-pdr (40 mm) pom-pom (3×8) 20 x 0.5 in (12.7 mm) (5×4) Vickers machine guns 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes, above water |
| Armament (1941, as sunk): | 8 × 15 in (381 mm) (4×2), 14 × 4 in (102 mm) (7×2) 24 × 2-pdr pom pom (40 mm) (3×8) 20 × 0.5 in (12.7 mm) (5×4) guns 5 × 20 barrel "Unrotated Projectile" mounts 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes, above water |
| Aircraft: | 1 fitted from 1931–1932, 1 catapult |
| Badge: | A crow bearing an anchor facing left over the date 1859 |
| Motto: | ''Ventis Secundis'' (Latin: "With Favourable Winds") |
'HMS ''Hood''' (pennant number 51) was a battlecruiser of the Royal Navy. She was one of four ''Admiral''-class battlecruisers ordered in mid-1916 under the Emergency War Programme. Although the design was drastically revised after the Battle of Jutland, it was realised that there were serious limitations even to the revised design; for this reason, and because of evidence that the German battlecruisers that they were designed to counter were unlikely to be completed, work on her sister ships was suspended in 1917. As a result, ''Hood'' was Britain's last completed battlecruiser. She was named after the 18th century Admiral Samuel Hood.
History
Construction
Construction of ''Hood'' began at the John Brown & Company shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, on 1 September 1916. Following the loss of three British battlecruisers at the Battle of Jutland, 5,000 tons of extra armour and bracing was added to ''Hood's design. The intention behind this change was to give her protection against 15 inch (381 mm) guns, such as her own— in theory moving her to the status of a true battleship. This led to some describing her as the first fast battleship, since the ''Hood'' appeared to have improvements over the revolutionary ''Queen Elizabeth''-class battleships. To add to the confusion, Royal Navy documents of the period often describe any battleship with a speed of over about 24 knots (44 km/h) as a battlecruiser, regardless of the amount of protective armour.[1][2] Classification as a battlecruiser notwithstanding, she was the largest capital ship in the British fleet at the time of her commissioning; ''Hood'' was much longer than any other British capital ship and only marginally lighter (at full load) than Britain's heaviest ever battleship, HMS ''Vanguard'', which was not commissioned until 1946.
However, the reworking was hurried and incomplete and hence flawed. Only the forward cordite magazines were moved below the shell rooms — cordite explosions destroyed the Royal Navy battlecruisers lost at Jutland. The combination of the deck and side armour did not provide continuous protection against shells arriving at all angles. Most seriously, the deck protection was flawed — spread over three decks, it was designed to explode an incoming shell on impact with the top deck, with much of the energy being absorbed as the exploding shell had to penetrate the armour of the next two decks. The development of effective time delay shells at the end of World War I made this scheme much less effective, as the intact shell would penetrate layers of weak armour and explode deep inside the ship. In addition, she was grossly overweight compared to her original design, making her a wet ship with a highly stressed structure. It was seriously suggested that she should be scrapped before she was launched; the post-war economy drive made replacing her impossible however.
Construction on her sister ships HMS ''Anson'', ''Howe'', and ''Rodney'' was stopped in March 1917, although work continued on ''Hood''. Two factors were at work regarding this decision. Firstly, the German ships to which the class were a response were never completed. Secondly, the flaws in her protection and design were apparent: the repeated redesigns of the sister ships did not solve them. Instead, a series of studies leading to the N3 battleship and G3 battlecruiser designs was started.
She was launched on 22 August 1918 by the widow of Admiral Sir Horace Hood, a Jutland casualty and distant relative of the famous Lord Hood for whom the ship was named. After fitting out and trials, she was commissioned on 15 May 1920, under Captain Wilfred Tomkinson, and became flagship of the British Atlantic Fleet's Battle Cruiser Squadron. She had cost £6,025,000 to build.[3] With her conspicuous twin funnels and lean profile, ''Hood'' was widely considered a very graceful warship.
Principal characteristics
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