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(Redirected from Hadjerai)
The 'Hadjarai' are a people comprising 6.7% of the population of Chad[1], and amounting to more than 150,000 individuals. The name, which is an Arabic exonym standing literally for "[those] of the stones" (i.e. of the mountains), is a collective term that includes several distinct ethnic groups living in the hilly Guéra Region. Historical Dictionary of Chad, Decalo, Samuel, , , Scarecrow Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8108-1937-6
While the Hadjarai groups speak lagely different languages, they share many cultural tracts , the strongest of which is the common belief in ''margais'', invisible spirits that control natural elements, whose cult has survived the conversion of most Hadjarai to Islam during the colonial period, a conversion that rapidly advanced despite attempts by the French colonial authorities to avoid the diffusion of Islam there through the promotion of Christian missions. Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne, Chapelle, Jean, , , L'Harmattan, 1981, ISBN 2-85802-169-4
The Hadjarai people, never united in the past, share a strong spirit of independence, foraged in pre-colonial Chad by their repeated clashes with slave-raiding ''razzias'' in their territory, conduced in particular by the Ouaddai Kingdom.[2] This old tradition of independence has made them clash often with central authority after the independence of Chad in 1960, in the beginning also due to attempts to force them to move from their hills to to the plains. During the Chadian Civil War, the rebellion was to find among them one of its staunchest centres. Although the Hadjarai played a crucial role in bringing to power Hissène Habré in 1982, they grew alienated after the death of their spokesman Idriss Miskine, and suffered heavily in 1987, when Habré launched a campaign of terror against them in response to the creation among them of the rebel movement MOSANAT[3], killing and arresting groups of people ''en masse''.[4] 840 of those arrested appear to have been immediately killed.[5] The Hadjarai thus became important supporters of Idriss Déby's rebellion against the President and contributed to Habré's downfall in 1990.[4] A crisis among Déby and the Hadjarai leadership flared in 1991, when following an alleged coup attempt many arrests were made, bringing to fighting in the Hadjarai territory, even if Déby ran immediately to Guéra reassure the local population.[7]
Among the about fifteen Hadjarai ethnic groups are the Dajus, Kengas, Junkun, Dangaleats, Mogoums, Sokoros, Sabas, Barains, Bidios, Yalnas, Bolgos, Koffas and Djongors. Most of these are small farmers. Over 90% of Hadjarai women have undergone female genital cutting.[8]
1. "Chad", The World Factbook
2. Le Frolinat et les révoltes populaires du Tchad, 1965-1976, Buijtenhuijs, Robert, , , Mouton Éditeur, 1978, ISBN 90-279-7656-9
3. Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad, Nolutshungu, Sam C., , , University of Virginia Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8139-1628-3
4.
5. S. Nolutshungu, ''Limits of Anarchy'', 236
6.
7. S. Nolutshungu, ''Limits of Anarchy'', 249-252
8. Chad - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, March 6, 2007
The 'Hadjarai' are a people comprising 6.7% of the population of Chad[1], and amounting to more than 150,000 individuals. The name, which is an Arabic exonym standing literally for "[those] of the stones" (i.e. of the mountains), is a collective term that includes several distinct ethnic groups living in the hilly Guéra Region. Historical Dictionary of Chad, Decalo, Samuel, , , Scarecrow Press, 1987, ISBN 0-8108-1937-6
While the Hadjarai groups speak lagely different languages, they share many cultural tracts , the strongest of which is the common belief in ''margais'', invisible spirits that control natural elements, whose cult has survived the conversion of most Hadjarai to Islam during the colonial period, a conversion that rapidly advanced despite attempts by the French colonial authorities to avoid the diffusion of Islam there through the promotion of Christian missions. Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne, Chapelle, Jean, , , L'Harmattan, 1981, ISBN 2-85802-169-4
The Hadjarai people, never united in the past, share a strong spirit of independence, foraged in pre-colonial Chad by their repeated clashes with slave-raiding ''razzias'' in their territory, conduced in particular by the Ouaddai Kingdom.[2] This old tradition of independence has made them clash often with central authority after the independence of Chad in 1960, in the beginning also due to attempts to force them to move from their hills to to the plains. During the Chadian Civil War, the rebellion was to find among them one of its staunchest centres. Although the Hadjarai played a crucial role in bringing to power Hissène Habré in 1982, they grew alienated after the death of their spokesman Idriss Miskine, and suffered heavily in 1987, when Habré launched a campaign of terror against them in response to the creation among them of the rebel movement MOSANAT[3], killing and arresting groups of people ''en masse''.[4] 840 of those arrested appear to have been immediately killed.[5] The Hadjarai thus became important supporters of Idriss Déby's rebellion against the President and contributed to Habré's downfall in 1990.[4] A crisis among Déby and the Hadjarai leadership flared in 1991, when following an alleged coup attempt many arrests were made, bringing to fighting in the Hadjarai territory, even if Déby ran immediately to Guéra reassure the local population.[7]
Among the about fifteen Hadjarai ethnic groups are the Dajus, Kengas, Junkun, Dangaleats, Mogoums, Sokoros, Sabas, Barains, Bidios, Yalnas, Bolgos, Koffas and Djongors. Most of these are small farmers. Over 90% of Hadjarai women have undergone female genital cutting.[8]
| Contents |
| References |
References
1. "Chad", The World Factbook
2. Le Frolinat et les révoltes populaires du Tchad, 1965-1976, Buijtenhuijs, Robert, , , Mouton Éditeur, 1978, ISBN 90-279-7656-9
3. Limits of Anarchy: Intervention and State Formation in Chad, Nolutshungu, Sam C., , , University of Virginia Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8139-1628-3
4.
5. S. Nolutshungu, ''Limits of Anarchy'', 236
6.
7. S. Nolutshungu, ''Limits of Anarchy'', 249-252
8. Chad - Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, March 6, 2007
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