HISTORY OF ANATOLIA

The 'History of Anatolia' covers the civilizations, and states established in and around the 'Anatolia', a peninsula of Western Asia. It is also often called by the Latin name of 'Asia Minor'.

Contents

Neolithic

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Hellenism

Middle Ages

Crusades

Anatolian Beyliks

Ottoman Empire

Modern Turkey

See also

Notes

Neolithic

Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, Anatolia has been a cradle for several civilizations since prehistoric ages, with Neolithic settlements such as Çatalhöyük (Pottery Neolithic), Çayönü (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A to pottery Neolithic), Nevali Cori (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), Hacilar (Pottery Neolithic), Göbekli Tepe (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) and Mersin. The settlement of Troy starts in the Neolithic and continues forward into the Iron Age.

Bronze Age

Troy, Hittite Empire, Hayasa-Azzi, Colchians, Hattians, Kaskas
Through recorded history, Anatolians have spoken both Indo-European and Semitic languages, as well as many languages of uncertain affiliation. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages have radiated. Other authors have proposed an Anatolian origin for the Etruscans of ancient Italy.

Iron Age

Neo-Hittite, Urartu, Achaemenid dynasty,
Peoples who have settled in or conquered Anatolia during the Iron Age include the Phrygians, Lydians, Mushki, Cimmerians, Armenians, Persians, Tabals, Greeks, Lycians, Ionians, Cappadocians, Assyrians, Carians, Sea Peoples, Phoenicians, Jews, Romans

Hellenism

★ Hellenistic civilization

★ Seleucid Empire

★ Roman Asia

★ Roman Greece

★ Galatia

★ Armenian Kingdom

Middle Ages

Byzantine Empire, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Sassanid Empire, Byzantine-Arab Wars, Seljuk Turks, Anatolian beyliks, Mongols, Ilkhanate

Crusades

Anatolian Beyliks

★ Ahlatshahs

★ Alaiye

★ Artuklu

★ Aydınoğlu

★ Candaroğlu

★ Çaka Bey

★ Çobanoğlu

★ Danishmend

★ Dulkadir

★ Eretna

★ Eşrefoğlu

★ Germiyan

★ Hamidoğlu

★ İnaloğlu

★ Kadı Burhaneddin

★ Karamanoğlu

★ Karesi

★ Beylik of Lâdik

★ Mengücek

★ Menteşe

★ Pervâneoğlu

★ Ramazanoğlu

★ Sâhib Ata

★ Saltuklu

★ Saruhan

★ Beylik of Teke

Ottoman Empire

The conquest of Anatolia by Turkic peoples and the rise of the Seljuk Empire began in the 11th century.[http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-677 Britannica map."Anatolia: Rum sultanate and Seljuq empire, c. 1080-1243" It was gradual. The complete Ottoman Empire conquest of Anatolia was finalized with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople (modern Istanbul).
Its inhabitants espoused many religious beliefs, spanning Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In particular, many Jews emigrated from Spain and Portugal, after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims during the 1492 Spanish Reconquista.^[1][2][3]
Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early 20th century (see Rise of Nationalism under the Ottoman Empire). Its inhabitants were of varied ethnicities, including Turks (Turkmens), Armenians, Kurds, Greeks, and Italians (particularly from Genoa and Venice). When the First World War devastated Anatolia, ethnic tensions culminated in the 1915 Armenian Genocide.

Modern Turkey

A population exchange between Turkey and Greece as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne eliminated most Muslims in what is now Greece and most ethnic Greeks in what is now Turkey. A significant Kurdish ethnic and linguistic minority exists in the south eastern regions, while Laz people and Georgians have a significant presence in the northeast. About 80,000 Turkish citizens are of Armenian descent. Approximately 40,000 Armenians (citizens of the Republic of Armenia) came to Turkey to look for a job illegally in recent a few years.^[4]

See also

★ Timeline of Middle Eastern History

Notes

1. [1]
2. [2]
3. [3]
4. Armenians in Turkey