HOUSE OF STUART

The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart

The 'House of Stuart' or 'Stewart' was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. Mary Queen of Scots adopted the French spelling 'Stuart' while in France to ensure that the Scots 'Stewart' was pronounced correctly. The name itself originates from the ancient hereditary Scottish title High Steward of Scotland.
The House of Stuart ruled the Kingdom of Scotland for 336 years, between 1371 and 1707. Queen Elizabeth I of England's closest heir, was King James VI of Scotland via her grandfather King Henry VII of England, who was founder of the Tudor dynasty. James Stuart also ascended the thrones of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland, providing the head of all three Home Nations (inheriting English claims to the French throne) between 1603 and 1707. During this latter period, the Stuarts styled themselves "Kings/Queens of Great Britain", though there was no parliamentary union until the reign of Queen Anne, the last monarch of the House of Stuart. The Stuarts were followed by the House of Hanover, who were dynastically important from a Protestant point of view, especially in the cause of uniting Ireland under the London government. Members of various cadet and illegitimate branches still survive today, the original Clan Stuart still extant.

History

Heads of the House of Stewart

Dapifers of Dol

High Stewards of Scotland

Rulers of the Scots

Rulers of Great Britain, France and Ireland

True Heirs Came to America

Jacobites

History

The earliest known member of the House of Stewart was Flaald I (Flaald the Seneschal), an 11th century Breton follower of the Lord of Dol and Combourg. Flaald and his immediate descendants held the hereditary and honorary post of Dapifer (food bearer) in the Lord of Dol's household. His grandson Flaald II was a supporter of Henry I of England and made the crucial move from Brittany to Britain, which was where the future fortunes of the Stewarts lay (including an evolving, longstanding tradition of intermarriage with the (de) Ferrer noble family, originally from Normandy). Walter the Steward (died 1177), the grandson of Flaald II, was born in Oswestry (Shropshire). Along with his brother William, ancestor of the Fitzalan family (the Earls of Arundel), he supported Empress Matilda during the period known as the Anarchy. Matilda was aided by her uncle, David I of Scotland, and Walter followed David north in 1141, after Matilda had been usurped by King Stephen. Walter was granted land in Renfrewshire and the position of Lord High Steward. Malcolm IV made the position hereditary and it was inherited by Walter's son, who took the surname Stewart. The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293-1326), married Marjorie, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn currying further favour. Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371.
In 1503, James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. The birth of their son, later James V, brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne. Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and their daughter, Margaret Douglas, was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1565, Darnley married his half-cousin Mary, the daughter of James V. Darnley's father was Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House. Lennox was a direct descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, also descended from James II, being Mary's heir presumptive. Therefore Darnley was also related to Mary on his father's side and at the time of their marriage was himself second in line to the Scottish throne. Because of this connection, Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stewart. Because of the long French residence at Aubigny, held by Darnley's branch in the Auld Alliance, the surname was altered to ''Stuart''. In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, who had an illegitimate son by Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. This descent received the main Stuart appanages of Lennox and Aubigny, as well as the main Tudor appanage of Richmond. In such a way, the Treaty of Perpetual Peace in addition to the Auld Alliance, was symbolically represented among the nobility as it had been in the British Royal Family itself.
French connections were notoriously unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts, whose mutual enemies identified with the emergent Protestant Germanic nationalism and urban mercantilism as opposed to Catholic Romance feudalism and rural manorialism. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms and War of the Grand Alliance eventually drove the family into the heart of the British Isles underground, becoming ironic symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism. Prominent Stuart descendents continued to oppose the new order, but only succeeded so long as they did it on the terms of their new masters and were not in succession to the throne. Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Charles James Fox subverted the will of the reigning monarch George III of the United Kingdom in favor of the American Whigs. In this fashion, the old Stuart Tories became liberal and identified with the spirit of tolerance which James II had proposed in religious and social terms. Due to the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts, Catholic Emancipation was not passed until Jacobitism (as represented by direct Stuart heirs) was extinguished and King George IV would represent its legacy, for his own dynasty's success throughout Great Britain. Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended for Irish subjects, this was not the Germanic preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland. Problems in Northern Ireland dating back to the Stuart Plantation of Ulster, involved a switch to the less Teutonic House of Windsor which included the Edward VIII abdication crisis and proved influential in rejecting the Imperial Federation for a decolonised Commonwealth of Nations.

Heads of the House of Stewart

Dapifers of Dol

★ Flaithri I (died c.1080)

★ Alan I (died ?)

★ Alan II (died 1095)

★ Flaithri II (died c.1101-1102)

★ Alan III (died c.1121)

True Heirs Came to America

★ James Francis Edward Stuart]], claimed throne as James VIII of Scotland and III of England, (1701-1766)

★ Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart]]
(1720-1788), claimed throne as Charles III, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1766-1788)Went be the name Betty Burke when escaping from the 1746 battle.

★ Charles Gilbert Stuart1755-1828
famous Painter went by the name Gilbert Charles Stuart

★ James Ewell Brown(Jeb) Stuart 1832-1864
son James Everett Stuart also famous Painter

★ James E. Stuart 1855-1941 had four daughters the
eldest went by the name Elsie

★ Elsie/Claire Stuart Sempson died 1973had four daughters the eldest Betty

★ Betty Maria Sempson (Stuart) Haugen Born Nov 21,1923 Died 1981 The name Betty came from the reference to Bonnie Prince Charlie being called Betty Burke

★ Patricia Haugen (Stuart) Johnson-Holm Born July 9, 1947

Jacobites

★ James Francis Edward Stuart (called the "Old Pretender" by his detractors, and "the King Across the Water" by his supporters) claimed throne as James VIII of Scotland and III of England, (1701-1766)

★ Charles Edward Stuart (called the Young Pretender by the English), claimed throne as Charles III, known to the Scots as Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1766-1788)

★ Henry Benedict Stuart, claimed throne as Henry IX (1788-1807)

External links

★ Stewart Scotland

★ Stuart Britain

★ Jacobites
|-
|-

This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.

psst.. try this: add to faves

Featured Companies

	Alpine Interface Inc.
	Travelbugs, LLC
	Golf Holidays International

Photo Galleries »

Visiting Polar Bears in Churchill Manitoba

House of Stuart Travel Deals

Hillthwaite House Hotel In The Lake

	Destination Greece
	JRD Travel Company
	Golf Holidays International
	MarysTravelSpot
	Grenada Board of Tourism
	Hotel Villa St Pierre
	Travelonly - Dave Corless
	Heavenly Paradise Getaways
	Dancing Moon Travel
	Travel Counsellors (Canada) Ltd

HOUSE OF STUART

History

Heads of the House of Stewart

Dapifers of Dol

High Stewards of Scotland

Rulers of the Scots

Rulers of Great Britain, France and Ireland

True Heirs Came to America

Jacobites

See also

Further reading

External links

Photo Galleries »

Customer Service

Most Popular

Useful

Find