HUGH STOTT TAYLOR
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'Hugh Stott Taylor' (6 February 1890 - 17 April 1974) was an English chemist primarily interested in catalysis. In 1928, in a landmark contribution to catalytic theory, Taylor suggested that a catalyzed chemical reaction is not catalyzed over the entire solid surface of the catalyst but only at certain ‘active sites’ or centers.[1]
He also developed important methods for procuring heavy water during World War II and pioneered the use of stable isotopes in studying chemical reactions.
Taylor was born in St Helens, Lancashire, England in 1890. He attended the University of Liverpool, where he received his B.Sc. in 1909 and his M.Sc. in 1910. Taylor then carried out three years of graduate work in Liverpool, after which he spent one year at the Nobel Institute in Stockholm in the laboratory of Svante Arrhenius and another at the Technische
Hochschule in Hanover under Max Bodenstein. These studies earned him a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Liverpool in 1914.
Taylor showed that chemisorption may be an activated process, and
occur slowly. Moreover, he conceived the idea that chemically active
sites might be sparse on the surface of a catalyst and, hence, could
be inhibited with relatively few molecules.
Taylor showed that hydrogen atoms are key intermediates
of reactions involving H on metal surfaces.
Taylor also discovered the conversion of heptane to toluene over
chromium oxide.
Taylor and a graduate student developed the first semi-realistic model
of the α-helix, an element of protein secondary structure. An earlier model by
Astbury had been shown to be physically implausible by
Hans Neurath. Using physical models and chemical reasoning, Taylor sought
to find a better model, which differs only slightly from the modern α-helix
proposed by Linus Pauling and Richard Corey. Taylor reported their
models at his Franklin medal lecture (1941) and in press (1942).
Taylor began at Princeton in 1914 as Instructor in Physical Chemistry, and by
1915, was made an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Professor of Physical Chemistry
in 1922 and became chair of the Chemistry Department at Princeton in 1926, where he served
until 1951. In 1927, Taylor became the David B. Jones Professor of Chemistry at Princeton.
Taylor also served as the Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton from 1948-1958.
As Chair of Chemistry from 1926-1951, Taylor developed the Chemistry Dept. at
Princeton energetically and oversaw the construction of the Frick Chemical Laboratory.
Taylor was knighted by both Pope Pius XII and Queen Elizabeth II.
There is a Hugh Stott Taylor Chair of Chemistry at Princeton, funded by
an anonymous gift of $500K in honor of Taylor's contributions to Princeton.
Taylor was a devoted Catholic, helped to establish the Catholic
chaplaincy at Princeton in 1928 and spoke publicly about the
reconciliation of science and faith.
1. Taylor, H.S. (1928). Proc. R. Soc. (London). A108, 105.
★ (1974) ''Nature'', '251', 266.
★ (1975) ''Chem. Brit.'', '11', 370-371.
★ (1975) ''Biog. Mem. Fell. Roy. Soc'', '21', 517-541.
★ Biographical sketch at Princeton
He also developed important methods for procuring heavy water during World War II and pioneered the use of stable isotopes in studying chemical reactions.
| Contents |
| Early life |
| Basic research |
| Protein structure |
| Large-scale preparation of heavy water |
| Work at Princeton |
| Personal life |
| References |
| External links |
Early life
Taylor was born in St Helens, Lancashire, England in 1890. He attended the University of Liverpool, where he received his B.Sc. in 1909 and his M.Sc. in 1910. Taylor then carried out three years of graduate work in Liverpool, after which he spent one year at the Nobel Institute in Stockholm in the laboratory of Svante Arrhenius and another at the Technische
Hochschule in Hanover under Max Bodenstein. These studies earned him a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Liverpool in 1914.
Basic research
Taylor showed that chemisorption may be an activated process, and
occur slowly. Moreover, he conceived the idea that chemically active
sites might be sparse on the surface of a catalyst and, hence, could
be inhibited with relatively few molecules.
Taylor showed that hydrogen atoms are key intermediates
of reactions involving H
Taylor also discovered the conversion of heptane to toluene over
chromium oxide.
Protein structure
Taylor and a graduate student developed the first semi-realistic model
of the α-helix, an element of protein secondary structure. An earlier model by
Astbury had been shown to be physically implausible by
Hans Neurath. Using physical models and chemical reasoning, Taylor sought
to find a better model, which differs only slightly from the modern α-helix
proposed by Linus Pauling and Richard Corey. Taylor reported their
models at his Franklin medal lecture (1941) and in press (1942).
Large-scale preparation of heavy water
Work at Princeton
Taylor began at Princeton in 1914 as Instructor in Physical Chemistry, and by
1915, was made an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Professor of Physical Chemistry
in 1922 and became chair of the Chemistry Department at Princeton in 1926, where he served
until 1951. In 1927, Taylor became the David B. Jones Professor of Chemistry at Princeton.
Taylor also served as the Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton from 1948-1958.
As Chair of Chemistry from 1926-1951, Taylor developed the Chemistry Dept. at
Princeton energetically and oversaw the construction of the Frick Chemical Laboratory.
Personal life
Taylor was knighted by both Pope Pius XII and Queen Elizabeth II.
There is a Hugh Stott Taylor Chair of Chemistry at Princeton, funded by
an anonymous gift of $500K in honor of Taylor's contributions to Princeton.
Taylor was a devoted Catholic, helped to establish the Catholic
chaplaincy at Princeton in 1928 and spoke publicly about the
reconciliation of science and faith.
References
1. Taylor, H.S. (1928). Proc. R. Soc. (London). A108, 105.
★ (1974) ''Nature'', '251', 266.
★ (1975) ''Chem. Brit.'', '11', 370-371.
★ (1975) ''Biog. Mem. Fell. Roy. Soc'', '21', 517-541.
External links
★ Biographical sketch at Princeton
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