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'ISO 639-2' is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. The three-letter codes given for each language in this part of the standard are referred to as "Alpha-3" codes. There are 464 language codes in the list.
The U.S. Library of Congress is the registration authority for ISO 639-2 (referred to as ISO 639-2/RA). As registration authority, the LOC receives and reviews proposed changes; they also have representation on the ISO 639-RA Joint Advisory Committee responsible for maintaining the ISO 639 code tables.
Work was begun on the ISO 639-2 standard in 1989, due to the fact that the ISO 639-1 standard, which gives two-letter codes for languages, would not be able to accommodate a sufficient number of languages. The ISO 639-2 standard was first released in 1998.
While most languages are given one code by the standard, twenty-three of the languages described have two three-letter codes, a "bibliographic" code (ISO 639-2/B), which is derived from the English name for the language and was a necessary legacy feature, and a "terminological" code (ISO 639-2/T), which is derived from the native name for the language. Each of these twenty-three languages are also included in the ISO 639-1 standard.
In addition, there are codes for special situations:
★ 'mis' is listed as "uncoded languages"
★ 'mul' (for multiple languages) is applied when several languages are used and it is not practical to specify all the appropriate language codes
★ The interval from 'qaa' to 'qtz' is reserved and is not used in the standard
★ 'und' (for undetermined) is used in situations in which a language or languages must be indicated but the language cannot be identified.
★ 'zxx' is listed in the code list as "no linguistic content" (added 2006-01-11)
Some ISO 639-2 codes that are commonly used for languages do not precisely represent a particular language or some related languages (as the above macrolanguages). They are regarded as collective languages (or collectives) and are excluded from ISO 639-3.
For a definition of macrolanguages and collective languages see [1].
Collective languages and their ISO 639-2 codes are:
★ bad Banda
★ bih Bihari (has an ISO 639-1 code)
★ bik Bikol
★ btk Batak
★ day Dayak
★ him Himachali
★ ijo Ijo
★ kar Karen
★ kro Kru
★ nah Nahuatl
★ son Songhai
★ znd Zande
Bihari (bih) is marked as collective but on the other hand has an ISO 639-1 code (bh) which should only be for individual languages. The reason is that individual Bihari languages received an ISO 639-2 code, which makes Bihari a language family for the purposes of ISO 639-2, but a single language for the purposes of ISO 639-1.
★ art Artificial languages (Other)
★ afa Afro-Asiatic (Other)
★ tut Altaic (Other)
★ map Austronesian (Other)
★ bat Baltic (Other)
★ bnt Bantu (Other)
★ ber Berber (Other)
★ cau Caucasian (Other)
★ cai Central American Indian (Other)
★ crp Creoles and Pidgins (Other)
★ cpe Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other)
★ cpf Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other)
★ cpp Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based (Other)
★ cus Cushitic (Other)
★ dra Dravidian (Other)
★ fiu Finno-Ugrian (Other)
★ gem Germanic (Other)
★ inc Indic (Other)
★ ine Indo-European (Other)
★ ira Iranian (Other)
★ khi Khoisan (Other)
★ mkh Mon-Khmer (Other)
★ nic Niger-Kordofanian (Other)
★ ssa Nilo-Saharan (Other)
★ nai North American Indian (Other)
★ paa Papuan (Other)
★ phi Philippine (Other)
★ roa Romance (Other)
★ sgn sign languages
★ smi Sami languages (Other)
★ sem Semitic (Other)
★ sit Sino-Tibetan (Other)
★ sla Slavic (Other)
★ sai South American Indian (Other)
★ tai Tai (Other)
If possible ISO 15924 derives their codes from ISO 639-2 and where there are two codes ISO 639-2/B is favored.
ISO 639-3 uses ISO 639-2/T.
★ List of ISO 639-2 codes
★ Language code
★ ISO 639-2/RA Homepage
★ ISO 639-2/RA Change Notice
★ Details at Library of Congress website
The U.S. Library of Congress is the registration authority for ISO 639-2 (referred to as ISO 639-2/RA). As registration authority, the LOC receives and reviews proposed changes; they also have representation on the ISO 639-RA Joint Advisory Committee responsible for maintaining the ISO 639 code tables.
Work was begun on the ISO 639-2 standard in 1989, due to the fact that the ISO 639-1 standard, which gives two-letter codes for languages, would not be able to accommodate a sufficient number of languages. The ISO 639-2 standard was first released in 1998.
While most languages are given one code by the standard, twenty-three of the languages described have two three-letter codes, a "bibliographic" code (ISO 639-2/B), which is derived from the English name for the language and was a necessary legacy feature, and a "terminological" code (ISO 639-2/T), which is derived from the native name for the language. Each of these twenty-three languages are also included in the ISO 639-1 standard.
In addition, there are codes for special situations:
★ 'mis' is listed as "uncoded languages"
★ 'mul' (for multiple languages) is applied when several languages are used and it is not practical to specify all the appropriate language codes
★ The interval from 'qaa' to 'qtz' is reserved and is not used in the standard
★ 'und' (for undetermined) is used in situations in which a language or languages must be indicated but the language cannot be identified.
★ 'zxx' is listed in the code list as "no linguistic content" (added 2006-01-11)
| Contents |
| Collective languages |
| not obviously a collective in 639-2 |
| obviously intending to cover several languages |
| B and T codes |
| See also |
| External links |
Collective languages
Some ISO 639-2 codes that are commonly used for languages do not precisely represent a particular language or some related languages (as the above macrolanguages). They are regarded as collective languages (or collectives) and are excluded from ISO 639-3.
For a definition of macrolanguages and collective languages see [1].
Collective languages and their ISO 639-2 codes are:
not obviously a collective in 639-2
★ bad Banda
★ bih Bihari (has an ISO 639-1 code)
★ bik Bikol
★ btk Batak
★ day Dayak
★ him Himachali
★ ijo Ijo
★ kar Karen
★ kro Kru
★ nah Nahuatl
★ son Songhai
★ znd Zande
Bihari (bih) is marked as collective but on the other hand has an ISO 639-1 code (bh) which should only be for individual languages. The reason is that individual Bihari languages received an ISO 639-2 code, which makes Bihari a language family for the purposes of ISO 639-2, but a single language for the purposes of ISO 639-1.
obviously intending to cover several languages
★ art Artificial languages (Other)
★ afa Afro-Asiatic (Other)
★ tut Altaic (Other)
★ map Austronesian (Other)
★ bat Baltic (Other)
★ bnt Bantu (Other)
★ ber Berber (Other)
★ cau Caucasian (Other)
★ cai Central American Indian (Other)
★ crp Creoles and Pidgins (Other)
★ cpe Creoles and Pidgins, English-based (Other)
★ cpf Creoles and Pidgins, French-based (Other)
★ cpp Creoles and Pidgins, Portuguese-based (Other)
★ cus Cushitic (Other)
★ dra Dravidian (Other)
★ fiu Finno-Ugrian (Other)
★ gem Germanic (Other)
★ inc Indic (Other)
★ ine Indo-European (Other)
★ ira Iranian (Other)
★ khi Khoisan (Other)
★ mkh Mon-Khmer (Other)
★ nic Niger-Kordofanian (Other)
★ ssa Nilo-Saharan (Other)
★ nai North American Indian (Other)
★ paa Papuan (Other)
★ phi Philippine (Other)
★ roa Romance (Other)
★ sgn sign languages
★ smi Sami languages (Other)
★ sem Semitic (Other)
★ sit Sino-Tibetan (Other)
★ sla Slavic (Other)
★ sai South American Indian (Other)
★ tai Tai (Other)
B and T codes
If possible ISO 15924 derives their codes from ISO 639-2 and where there are two codes ISO 639-2/B is favored.
ISO 639-3 uses ISO 639-2/T.
See also
★ List of ISO 639-2 codes
★ Language code
External links
★ ISO 639-2/RA Homepage
★ ISO 639-2/RA Change Notice
★ Details at Library of Congress website
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