العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolINFORMATION SYSTEMS
(Redirected from Information system)
An 'Information System' (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes. Usually the term is used erroneously as a synonymous for computer-based information systems, which is only the Information technologies component of an Information System. The computer-based information systems are the field of study for Information technologies (IT); however these should hardly be treated apart from the bigger Information System that is always involved in.
The term information system has different meanings:
★ In computer security, an information system is described by five objects (Aceituno, 2004):
★
★ Structure:
★
★
★ Repositories, which hold data permanent or temporarily, such as buffers, RAM, hard disks, cache, etc.
★
★
★ Interfaces, which exchange information with the non-digital world, such as keyboards, speakers, scanners, printers, etc.
★
★ Channels, which connect repositories, such as buses, cables, wireless links, etc. A Network is a set of logical or physical channels.
★
★ Behavior:
★
★
★ Services, which provide value to users or to other services via messages interchange.
★
★
★ Messages, which carries a meaning to users or services.
★ In knowledge representation, an information system consists of three components: human, technology, organization. In this view, information is defined in terms of the three levels of semiotics. Data which can be automatically processed by the application system corresponds to the syntax-level. In the context of an individual who interprets the data they become information, which correspond to the semantic-level. Information becomes knowledge when an individual knows (understands) and evaluates the information (e.g., for a specific task). This corresponds to the pragmatic-level.
★ In mathematics in the area of domain theory, a Scott information system (after its inventor Dana Scott) is a mathematical structure that provides an alternative representation of Scott domains and, as a special case, algebraic lattices.
★ In mathematics in the area of rough set theory, an information system is an attribute-value system.
★ In sociology information systems are also social systems whose behavior is heavily influenced by the goals, values and beliefs of individuals and groups, as well as the performance of the technology.[1]
★ In systems theory, an information system is a system, automated or manual, that comprises people, machines, and/or methods organized to collect, process, transmit, and disseminate data that represent user information.
★ In telecommunications, an information system is any telecommunications and/or computer related equipment or interconnected system or subsystems of equipment that is used in the acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of voice and/or data, and includes software, firmware, and hardware. [2]
The study of information systems, originated as a sub-discipline of computer science, in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world.
Today, Information and Information technology have become the fifth major resource available to executives for shaping an organization, alongside people, money, material and machines.[3] Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa
Ciborra (2002) defines the study of information systems as the study, that deals with the deployment of information technology in organizations, institutions, and society at large.[4]
Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.
In the post-industrial, information age, the focus of companies has shifted from being product oriented, to knowledge oriented, in a sense that market operators today, compete on process and innovation, rather than product : the emphasis has shifted from the quality and quantity of production, to the production process itself, and the services that accompany the production process.
The biggest asset of companies today, is their information, represented in people, experience, know-how, innovations (patents, copyrights, trade secrets), and for a market operator to be able to compete, he/she must have a strong information infrastructure, at the heart of which, lies the information technology infrastructure. Thus, the study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:
★ Information Systems Strategy
★ Information Systems Management
★ Information Systems Development
Each of which branches out into a number of sub disciplines, that overlap with other science and managerial disciplines such as computer science, pure and engineering sciences, social and behavioral sciences, and business management.
The IT Department partly governs the information technology development, use, application and influence on a business or corporation. A computer based information system, following a definition of Langefors[5], is:
★ a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions,
★ as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions.
★ Data Processing System
★ Information Processing System
★ Data modeling
★ Data architect
★ Database
★ Metadata
★ Data Reference Model
★ Predictive Model Markup Language
★ Environmental Modeling Center
★ Semantic translation
★ European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS)
★ Management Information Systems
★ Business informatics
★ INFORMS Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
1. Angell, I.O. and Smithson S. (1991) Information Systems Management: Opportunities and Risks
2. Federal Standard 1037C, MIL-STD-188, and National Information Systems Security Glossary
3. Rockart et. Al (1996) Eight imperatives for the new IT organization Sloan Management review.
4. Ciborra, C. (2002) Labyrinths of Information, Oxford, Oxford University Press
5. Langefors B. (1973) Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems
★ "Seguridad de la Informacion", , Vicente, Aceituno, , , ISBN 84-933336-7-0
★ De l'Informatique : Savoir vivre avec l'automate, , Michel, Volle, Economica, , ISBN 2717852190
★ Information Systems – Fundamentals and Issues, , John, Lindsay, Kingston University, School of Information Systems, ,
★ Information Systems and Innovation Group, Department of Management , London School of Economics
★ Index of Information Systems Journals
★ Center for Information Systems Research - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Information System (example)
An 'Information System' (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes. Usually the term is used erroneously as a synonymous for computer-based information systems, which is only the Information technologies component of an Information System. The computer-based information systems are the field of study for Information technologies (IT); however these should hardly be treated apart from the bigger Information System that is always involved in.
Overview
The term information system has different meanings:
★ In computer security, an information system is described by five objects (Aceituno, 2004):
★
★ Structure:
★
★
★ Repositories, which hold data permanent or temporarily, such as buffers, RAM, hard disks, cache, etc.
★
★
★ Interfaces, which exchange information with the non-digital world, such as keyboards, speakers, scanners, printers, etc.
★
★ Channels, which connect repositories, such as buses, cables, wireless links, etc. A Network is a set of logical or physical channels.
★
★ Behavior:
★
★
★ Services, which provide value to users or to other services via messages interchange.
★
★
★ Messages, which carries a meaning to users or services.
★ In knowledge representation, an information system consists of three components: human, technology, organization. In this view, information is defined in terms of the three levels of semiotics. Data which can be automatically processed by the application system corresponds to the syntax-level. In the context of an individual who interprets the data they become information, which correspond to the semantic-level. Information becomes knowledge when an individual knows (understands) and evaluates the information (e.g., for a specific task). This corresponds to the pragmatic-level.
★ In mathematics in the area of domain theory, a Scott information system (after its inventor Dana Scott) is a mathematical structure that provides an alternative representation of Scott domains and, as a special case, algebraic lattices.
★ In mathematics in the area of rough set theory, an information system is an attribute-value system.
★ In sociology information systems are also social systems whose behavior is heavily influenced by the goals, values and beliefs of individuals and groups, as well as the performance of the technology.[1]
★ In systems theory, an information system is a system, automated or manual, that comprises people, machines, and/or methods organized to collect, process, transmit, and disseminate data that represent user information.
★ In telecommunications, an information system is any telecommunications and/or computer related equipment or interconnected system or subsystems of equipment that is used in the acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of voice and/or data, and includes software, firmware, and hardware. [2]
History of information systems
The study of information systems, originated as a sub-discipline of computer science, in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world.
Today, Information and Information technology have become the fifth major resource available to executives for shaping an organization, alongside people, money, material and machines.[3] Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa
Study of information systems
Ciborra (2002) defines the study of information systems as the study, that deals with the deployment of information technology in organizations, institutions, and society at large.[4]
Applications of information systems
Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.
In the post-industrial, information age, the focus of companies has shifted from being product oriented, to knowledge oriented, in a sense that market operators today, compete on process and innovation, rather than product : the emphasis has shifted from the quality and quantity of production, to the production process itself, and the services that accompany the production process.
The biggest asset of companies today, is their information, represented in people, experience, know-how, innovations (patents, copyrights, trade secrets), and for a market operator to be able to compete, he/she must have a strong information infrastructure, at the heart of which, lies the information technology infrastructure. Thus, the study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
Areas of work
Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:
★ Information Systems Strategy
★ Information Systems Management
★ Information Systems Development
Each of which branches out into a number of sub disciplines, that overlap with other science and managerial disciplines such as computer science, pure and engineering sciences, social and behavioral sciences, and business management.
Information technology development
The IT Department partly governs the information technology development, use, application and influence on a business or corporation. A computer based information system, following a definition of Langefors[5], is:
★ a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions,
★ as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions.
See also
★ Data Processing System
★ Information Processing System
★ Data modeling
★ Data architect
★ Database
★ Metadata
★ Data Reference Model
★ Predictive Model Markup Language
★ Environmental Modeling Center
★ Semantic translation
★ European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS)
★ Management Information Systems
★ Business informatics
★ INFORMS Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
References
1. Angell, I.O. and Smithson S. (1991) Information Systems Management: Opportunities and Risks
2. Federal Standard 1037C, MIL-STD-188, and National Information Systems Security Glossary
3. Rockart et. Al (1996) Eight imperatives for the new IT organization Sloan Management review.
4. Ciborra, C. (2002) Labyrinths of Information, Oxford, Oxford University Press
5. Langefors B. (1973) Theoretical Analysis of Information Systems
Further reading
★ "Seguridad de la Informacion", , Vicente, Aceituno, , , ISBN 84-933336-7-0
★ De l'Informatique : Savoir vivre avec l'automate, , Michel, Volle, Economica, , ISBN 2717852190
★ Information Systems – Fundamentals and Issues, , John, Lindsay, Kingston University, School of Information Systems, ,
External links
★ Information Systems and Innovation Group, Department of Management , London School of Economics
★ Index of Information Systems Journals
★ Center for Information Systems Research - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
Featured Companies
| Golf Holidays International |
Information systems Videos
 | IE Professors Talk - Dr Gregory Truman |
 | IE Professors Talk - Dr Enrique Dans |
 | IE Knowledge Pills: Network Neutrality |
Newest Companies
Information systems Travel Deals
