INTERFACE BUILDER

'Interface Builder' is a software development application for Apple's Mac OS X operating system. It is part of Xcode (formerly Project Builder), the Apple Developer Connection developer's toolset. Interface Builder allows Cocoa and Carbon developers to create interfaces for applications using a graphical user interface. The resulting interface is stored as a .nib file (short for 'N'eXT 'I'nterface 'B'uilder).
Interface Builder is descended from the NeXTSTEP development software of the same name. A version of Interface Builder is also used in the development of OpenStep software, and a very similar tool called Gorm exists for GNUstep.

Contents

History

Uses

Design

External links

History

Interface Builder first made its appearance in 1988 as part of NeXTSTEP 0.8. It was one of the first commercial applications that allowed interface elements (such as widgets and menus) to be placed in an interface using a mouse.

Uses

Tim Berners-Lee developed the original World Wide Web system at CERN on a NeXT workstation. Steve Jobs' insistence that average people should be able to write custom "mission-critical" applications formed the basis of Interface Builder, which Berners-Lee utilized to do just that — by writing a program entitled "WorldWideWeb 1.0".

Design

Interface Builder provides ''palettes'', or collections, of user interface objects to an Objective-C developer. These user interface objects contain items like text fields, data tables, sliders, and pop-up menus. Interface Builder's palettes are completely extensible, meaning any developer can develop new objects and add palettes to Interface Builder.
To build an interface, a developer simply drags interface objects from the palette onto a window or menu. ''Actions'' (messages) which the objects can emit are connected to ''targets'' in the application's code and ''outlets'' (pointers) declared in the application's code are connected to specific objects. In this way all initialization is done before runtime, both improving performance and streamlining the development process.
Interface Builder saves an application's interface as a directory hive that contains the interface objects and relationships used in the application. These objects are marshalled into either an XML file or a NeXT-style property list file with a .nib extension. Upon running an application, the proper NIB objects are unpacked, connected into the binary of their owning application, and awakened. NIBs are often referred to as ''freeze dried'' because they contain archived objects ready to run.

External links

★ Apple's Interface Builder documentation for Cocoa and Carbon development

★ Sun's Interface Builder documentation for OpenStep development

★ Apple's Nib file documentation