JACQUES BARZUN

'Jacques Martin Barzun' (b. November 30, 1907) is a leading American historian of ideas and culture. His reputation is that of a political and social conservative and an eloquent defender of tradition in the practice of higher education and scholarship. But a closer consideration of his works will reveal the unsoundness of any such labels to describe his attitudes or thought. As his friend, Lionel Trilling, said, "It's much more complicated."

Contents

Life

Ideas

Books by Barzun

References

External links

Life

Born in Créteil, France to Henri-Martin and Anna-Rose Barzun, he spent his childhood in Paris and Grenoble. His father was a member of the Abbaye de Créteil group of artists and writers. The Paris house of his parents was frequented by many "modernist" artists of belle epoque France, e.g., the poet Apollinaire, the Cubist painters Gleizes and Marcel Duchamp, the composer Edgard Varèse, and the writers Richard Aldington and Stefan Zweig.
While on a diplomatic mission to the U.S. during the First World War, Barzun's father so liked what he saw there that he decided that his son should have an American university education, a conclusion startlingly out of character for a French artist and intellectual of that time. Thus Jacques was sent to the USA at the tender age of 12, first to attend a preparatory school, then Columbia University where he obtained a broad liberal education. His artistic family background naturally inclined him to the study of cultural history, then a new branch of history.
Barzun was first in the 1927 class of Columbia College and was a prize-winning president of the Philolexian Society, a Columbia literary and debate club. He obtained his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1932, and taught history there from 1928 to 1955, becoming the Seth Low Professor of History and a founder of the discipline of cultural history. For years, he and literary critic Lionel Trilling ran Columbia's famous Great Books course. From 1955 to 1968, he served as Dean of the Graduate School, Dean of Faculties, and Provost, while also being an Extraordinary Fellow of Churchill College at the University of Cambridge. From 1968 until his 1975 retirement, he was University Professor at Columbia. From 1975 to 1993 he was Literary Adviser to Charles Scribner's Sons. Since 1996, Barzun has resided in San Antonio, Texas.
The American Philosophical Society honors Barzun with its Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History, awarded annually since 1993 to the author of a recent distinguished work of cultural history. He has also received the Gold Medal for Criticism from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, of which he was twice president. In 2003, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On October 18, 2007, he will receive the Great Teacher Award of the Society of Columbia Graduates ''in absentia''.

Ideas

Over seven decades, Barzun has written and edited over 40 books touching on an unusually broad range of subjects, including science and medicine, psychiatry from Robert Burton through William James to modern methods, and art, and classical music; he is one of the all-time authorities on Berlioz. Some of his books - particularly ''Teacher in America'' and ''The House of Intellect'' - enjoyed a substantial lay readership and influenced debate about culture and education far beyond the realm of academic history.
Barzun has a strong interest in the tools and mechanics of writing and research. He edited the 1966 edition of ''Follett's Modern American Usage'', and is the author of books on style (''Simple and Direct'', 1975), on the craft of editing and publishing (''On Writing, Editing, and Publishing'', 1971), and on research methods in history and humanities (''The Modern Researcher'', now in its 6th ed.)
Barzun does not disdain popular culture; his varied interests include detective fiction and baseball. He edited, and wrote the introduction to, the 1961 anthology ''The Delights of Detection'', which included stories by G.K. Chesterton, Dorothy Sayers, Rex Stout, and others. In 1971, he co-authored, with Wendell Hertig Taylor, ''A Catalogue of Crime'': ''Being a Reader's Guide to the Literature of Mystery, Detection, & Related Genres'' , for which he and Taylor received a Special Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America in 1972. ^[1]
Barzun is a proponent of the theatre critic and diarist James Agate, who he compared in stature to Pepys.^[2] Barzun edited Agate's last two diaries into a new edition in 1951, with an informative introduction "Agate and His Nine Egos".^[3]

He has continued to write on education and cultural history since retiring from Columbia. At 84 years of age, he began writing his swan song, to which he devoted the better part of the 1990s. The resulting book of more than 800pp, ''From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present'', reveals a vast erudition and brilliance, undiminished by advanced age. Historians, literary critics, and popular reviewers all lauded ''From Dawn to Decadence'' as a sweeping and powerful, albeit idiosyncratic, survey of modern Western history, and it became a ''New York Times'' bestseller. The book introduces several novel typographic devices that enable an unusually rich system of cross-referencing, as well as help keep its many strands of thought under organized control. Almost every page features a sidebar containing a pithy quotation from some author or historical figure; most are surprising, little known, and humorous.
In 2002, Barzun wrote the introduction to Mortimer Frank's book ''Toscanini: The NBC Years''.

Books by Barzun

★ 1927 ''Samplings and Chronicles: Being the Continuation of the Philolexian Society History, with Literary Selections From 1912 to 1927 '' (editor)

★ 1932 ''The French Race: Theories of Its Origins and Their Social and Political Implications''

★ 1937 ''Race: a Study in Modern Superstition'' (Revised, 1965 ''Race: A Study in Superstition'')

★ 1939 ''Of Human Freedom''

★ 1941 ''Darwin, Marx, Wagner: Critique of a Heritage''

★ 1943 ''Romanticism and the Modern Ego''

★ 1945 ''Teacher in America''

★ 1951 ''Pleasures of Music''

★ 1954 ''God's Country and Mine: A Declaration of Love, Spiced with a Few Harsh Words''

★ 1956 ''Music in American Life''

★ 1956 ''The Energies of Art''

★ 1959 ''The House of Intellect''

★ 1960 ''Lincoln the Literary Genius'' (first published in ''The Saturday Evening Post'', 14 February 1959)

★ 1961 ''The Delights of Detection''

★ 1961 ''Classic, Romantic, and Modern''

★ 1964 ''Science: The Glorious Entertainment''

★ 1967 ''What Man Has Built'' (introductory booklet to the Great Ages of Man book series)

★ 1968 ''The American University: How It Runs, Where It Is Going''

★ 1969 ''Berlioz and the Romantic Century'' (3d ed.)

★ 1971 ''On Writing, Editing, and Publishing''

★ 1971 ''A Catalogue of Crime'' (with Wendell Hertig Taylor)

★ 1974 ''Clio and the Doctors''

★ 1974 ''The Use and Abuse of Art''

★ 1975 ''Simple and Direct: A Rhetoric for Writers''

★ 1976 ''The Bibliophile of the Future: His Complaints about the Twentieth Century''

★ 1980 ''Three Talks at Northern Kentucky University''

★ 1982 ''Lincoln's Philosophic Vision''

★ 1982 ''Critical Questions''

★ 1983 ''A Stroll with William James''

★ 1986 ''A Word or Two Before You Go: Brief Essays on Language''

★ 1989 ''The Culture We Deserve: A Critique of Disenlightenment''

★ 1991 ''An Essay on French Verse for Readers of English Poetry''

★ 1991 ''Begin Here: The Forgotten Conditions of Teaching and Learning''

★ 2000 ''From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present''

★ 2001 ''Sidelights on Opera at Glimmerglass''

★ 2002 ''A Jacques Barzun Reader''

★ 2002 ''What is a School? and Trim the College!''

★ 2003 ''The Modern Researcher'' (6th ed.) (with Henry F. Graff)

★ 2004 ''Four More Sidelights on Opera at Glimmerglass: 2001-2004''
Barzun has also translated a number of works of French literature into English, and edited writings by others, including the selected letters of Lord Byron and John Jay Chapman.

References

1. The Edgars® and Other MWA Awards
2. ''From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present'', Jacques Barzun, Harper Perennial, 2001.
3. ''The Later Ego. Consisting of Ego 8 and Ego 9. Introduction and notes by Jacques Barzun'', Jacques Barzun, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York, 1951.

External links

★ article by Thomas Vinciguerra

★ Site devoted to writings about Barzun, including interviews.

★ A blog and a website celebrating Barzun's centennial

★ In Depth with Jacques Barzun from C-SPAN's BookTV, 6 May 2001 (RealPlayer file)
On ''From Dawn to Decadence'':

★ A synopsis along with a short bio of the author.

★ Kimball, Roger, "Closing time? Jacques Barzun on Western culture," ''New Criterion'', 18 June 2000. A positive take.

★ Kenan Malik, "Review." ''Independent on Sunday'', 25 February 2001.

★ Reilly, John J., 2000, "Review", ''First Things 107'': 43-44.

★ Is Democratic Theory for Export? PDF of speech presented at Carnegie Council's Sixth Annual Morgenthau Memorial Lecture