JACQUES BREL

'Jacques Romain Georges Brel' (French IPA: ) (April 8, 1929 – October 9, 1978) was a Belgian French-speaking singer-songwriter. The quality and style of his lyrics are highly regarded by many leading critics of popular music.
Brel's songs are not especially well known in the English-speaking world except through the translations and interpretations of other singers, most famously by Scott Walker and by David Bowie. In French-speaking countries, Brel is also remembered as an actor and director.

Contents

Biography

Translations of his work

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Rarities

Filmography

As director

As actor

External links

Trivia

Biography

Brel was born in Schaarbeek, Belgium, a district of Brussels, but lived most of his life in Paris. He died in Bobigny in the suburbs of Paris, of lung cancer, and is buried in the Marquesas Islands.
Although the Brels spoke French, they were of Flemish descent, with some of the family originating from Zandvoorde, near Ypres. Brel's father was co-owner of a cardboard factory and Brel started his professional life at that firm, apparently destined to follow in his father's footsteps. However, he had no interest in it and showed an interest in culture instead, joining the Catholic-humanist youth organisation ''Franche Cordée'', where he did some singing and acting. At ''Franche Cordée'' he met Thérèse Michielsen ('Miche'). They married in 1950.
In the early 1950s Brel achieved some minor success in Belgium singing self-penned songs. A 78rpm record (''La foire/Il y a'') was released as a result. From 1954 Brel seriously pursued an international singing career. He quit his job and relocated to Paris, where he stayed at the Hotel Stevens and gave guitar lessons to artist-dancer Francesco Frediani to pay for his rent. Francesco Frediani witnessed his first show at the famous Olympia as "ouverture de rideau" act ie while the public was entering the Theatre and being seated. He had to change behind the Bar. Bruno Cocquatrix, the owner, invited him to come back. He carried on writing music and singing in the city's cabarets and music-halls, where on stage he delivered his songs with great energy. In January 1955 he supported in the Ancienne Belgique in Brussels the performances of the Belgian pop and variety pioneer Bobbejaan Schoepen. After some success his wife and daughters joined him from Belgium. By 1956 he was touring Europe and he recorded the song ''Quand on n'a que l'amour'' that brought him his first major recognition. He appeared in a show with Maurice Chevalier and Michel Legrand.
By the end of the 1950s Miche and Brel's three daughters relocated to Brussels. He and his family led separate lives from then on. Under the influence of his friend Georges Pasquier ('Jojo') and pianists Gérard Jouannest and Francois Rauber, Brel's style changed. He was no longer a Catholic-humanist troubadour, but sang grimmer songs about love, death, and the struggle that is life. The music became more complex and his themes more diverse, exploring love (''Je t'aime'', ''Litanies pour un Retour''), society (''Les Singes'', ''Les Bourgeois'', ''Jaurès''), and spiritual concerns (''Le Bon Dieu'', ''Dites, Si c'Était Vrai'', ''Fernand''). His work is not limited to one style. He was as proficient in funny compositions (''Le Lion'', ''Comment Tuer l'Amant de sa Femme...'') as in more emotional ones (''Voir un Ami Pleurer'', ''Fils de...'', ''Jojo'').
Brel's acute perception made him an innovative and creative painter of daily life with rare poetic ease. His intelligent use of words was striking and simple, exhibiting a very visual and meaningful vocabulary. Few of his peers are considered as matching his skill in fitting as much novelty and meaning in a sentence from a few words in common usage.
Brel also had a keen sense of metaphor, as in ''Je suis un soir d'été'' where the narrator is a summer's evening telling what he observes as he falls on a city. Although regarded a master with lyrics, his musical themes were of the first standard, and also here he was not limited to one style.
He composed both rhythmic, lively and captivating tunes (''L'aventure'', ''Rosa'', ''Au printemps'') as well as sad and solemn songs. (''J'en appelle'', ''Pourquoi faut-il que les hommes s'ennuient?'')
Brel's romantic lyricism sometimes revealed levels of darkness and bitter irony. At moments his tender love songs might show flashes of barely suppressed frustration and resentment. His insightful and compassionate portraits of the so-called dregs of society: the alcoholics, drifters, drug addicts, and prostitutes described in 'Jef', 'La chanson de Jacky' and 'Amsterdam' evaded easy sentimentality, and he was not shy about portraying the unsavoury side of this lifestyle.
He composed and recorded his songs almost exclusively in French, and is widely recognized in French-speaking countries as one of the best French-language composers of all time.
But he occasionally included parts in Dutch as in ''Marieke'', and also recorded Dutch versions of a few songs such as Le Plat Pays (''Mijn vlakke land''), Ne me Quitte Pas (''Laat Me Niet Alleen''), Rosa (''Rosa''), Les Bourgeois (''De Burgerij'') and Les paumés du petit matin (''De Nuttelozen van de Nacht''). Since his own command of the language was poor, these were translated by Ernst van Altena, renowned translator of French song.
Brel's attitude towards the Flemish was marked by a love of Flanders and the Flemish countryside (as evidenced in songs such as 'Le Plat Pays', 'Marieke', 'Une Ostendaise' and 'Mon Père Disait'), but a marked dislike of the Flemish nationalists ("les ''Flamingants''"). He declared himself Flemish and presented himself to the world as a Flemish singer (saying "moi je suis un ''Flamand''" on French television), but he also mocked rustic Flemish life with the comic song ''Les Flamandes''. Later in his career he directed his political anger at the ''Flamingants''. From ''La, la, la'' (1967) are the words "Vive les Belgiens, merde pour les flamingants" ("Long live Belgians, shit for the ''flamingants''"). In ''Les F...'' (1977) Brel portrays the ''flamingants'', ignoring any sense of nuance, as "Nazis durant les guerres et catholiques entre elles" ("Nazis during the wars and Catholics in between").
The Flemish were very insulted by this song. After a long debate it was - and still is - banished from Flemish radio.
France Brel, his daughter, has been quoted as saying, "he was very Flemish. He believed in discipline, hard work, he was always punctual. Our family is Flemish in character in many ways, Jacques was proud of his Flemish blood."
"If I were king," Brel himself once said, "I would send all the Flemings to Wallonia and all the Walloons to Flanders for six months. Like military service. They would live with a family and that would solve all our ethnic and linguistic problems very fast. Because everybody's tooth aches in the same way, everybody loves their mother, everybody loves or hates spinach. And those are the things that really count."
Although France was Brel's "spiritual home" and he expressed contradictory statements about his native Belgium, some of his best compositions pay tribute to Belgium, like ''Le plat pays'' or ''Il neige sur Liège''.
As an actor he gained fame playing opposite Claude Jade in the film ''My uncle Benjamin'' and opposite Lino Ventura in ''L'emmerdeur''.
He starred in the musical ''L'Homme de la Mancha'' (Man of La Mancha) which he also translated and directed, and appeared in films, though his film performances are not thought to be of quite the same caliber as his musical performances. In 1969 he took the lead role in Mon oncle Benjamin. ''Le Far West'', a comedy which he directed, co-wrote and appeared in, competed for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1973.
In 1973 he embarked in a yacht, planning to sail around the world. When he reached the Canary Islands, Brel, a heavy smoker, was diagnosed with lung cancer. He returned to Paris for treatment and later continued his ocean voyage.
In 1975 he reached the Marquesas Islands, and decided to stay, remaining there until 1977 when he returned to Paris and recorded his well-received final album. He died in 1978 and was buried in Calvary Cemetery in Atuona, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia only a few yards away from painter Paul Gauguin.

Translations of his work

An American musical revue of his songs, ''Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris'', which debuted in 1968, has played around the world since.
English translations of his songs have been recorded by many artists, including Joan Baez, the Kingston Trio, Tim Kinsella, Theodore Bikel, The Bolshoi, David Bowie, Nirvana, Scott Walker, The Divine Comedy, Black Box Recorder, Terry Jacks, Alex Harvey, Goodbye Mr MacKenzie, Jack Lukeman, Marc Almond, Westlife, Momus, Neil Diamond, John Denver, The Paper Chase, Tom Robinson, Judy Collins, Frank Sinatra, Dusty Springfield, Shirley Horn, James Dean Bradfield, Yuri Buenaventura, Laurika Rauch and The Dresden Dolls. Canadian Terry Jacks version of Seasons In The Sun became a global pop hit in 1974 topping the charts internationally. Marlene Dietrich recorded "Ne me Quitte Pas" in German (''Bitte geh nicht fort'').
Overall, there have been noted translations of this standard in at least 15 different languages. Nina Simone, Natacha Atlas, Karrin Allyson, and Sting recorded "Ne me Quitte Pas" in French.
With the exception of the Eric Blau-Mort Shuman translations used in "Jacques Brel Is Alive and Well and Living in Paris," the English translations of Brel's songs often strip them of their brilliance and magical lyricism. (It must be added, however, that there are many who say the opposite.) For example, "Ne Me Quitte Pas" evocatively states, "Moi, je t'offrirai / Des perles de pluie / Venues de pays / Où il ne pleut pas" [As for me, I'll offer you pearls of rain that come from a country where rain never falls]. However, Rod McKuen’s English translation replaces that imagery with "But if you stay / I'll make you a day / Like no day has been / or will be again." On the other hand, songs such as "Jef" -- as translated by Blau-Shuman bear little resemblance to the original.
Barb Jungr recorded a new English translation by Des de Moor as 'Don't Leave Me Now', which is much nearer to the original. Nevertheless it is Rod McKuen’s English translation that is most performed. Many critique the German translations as well. Notable faithful German translations have been made by Didier Caesar of the duo Stéphane & Didier.
Brel's widow said Arnold Johnston, a professor at Western Michigan University, translated Brel's work more accurately than Blau and Shuman, and eventually gave Dr. Johnston exclusive rights to translate Brel's work into English. Dr. Johnston recorded ''I'm Here!'' a collection of twenty songs, using a grant from the university.

Discography

Assembling a comprehensive Jacques Brel discography would be prohibitively complicated, because his recordings have been released in so many different permutations, in different countries, and on different formats. Furthermore, releases of Brel's recordings are sometimes known by different titles.
For the sake of conciseness and clarity, this discography is currently restricted to Brel's original albums, as collected and reissued on 23 September 2003 in the sixteen CD box set of his work ''Boîte à Bonbons''; plus the additional album ''Chansons ou Versions Inédites de Jeunesse'', which was released for the first time as part of this box set. The titles ascribed to each album are the titles used in the box set.

Studio albums

★ ''Grand Jacques'' (1954)

★ ''Quand On n'a Que l'Amour'' (1957)

★ ''Au Printemps'' (1958)

★ ''La Valse à Mille Temps'' (1959)

★ ''Marieke'' (1961)

★ ''Les Bourgeois'' (1962)

★ ''Les Bonbons'' (1966)

★ ''Ces Gens-Là'' (1966)

★ ''Jacques Brel '67'' (1967)

★ ''J'arrive'' (1968)

★ ''L'Homme de la Mancha'' (1968)

★ ''Ne Me Quitte Pas'' (1972)

★ ''Les Marquises'' (1977)

Live albums

★ ''Enregistrement Public à l'Olympia 1961'' (1962)

★ ''Enregistrement Public à l'Olympia 1964'' (1964)

Rarities

★ ''Chansons ou Versions Inédites de Jeunesse'' (2003)

Filmography

As director

★ ''Franz'' (1971)

★ ''Le Far West'' (1973)

As actor

★ ''La Grande Peur de Monsieur Clément'' (dir Paul Diebens) (1956)

★ ''Les Risques du Métier'' (dir André Cayatte) (1967)

★ ''Mon Oncle Benjamin'' (dir Edouard Molinaro) (1969)

★ ''La Bande à Bonnot'' (dir Philippe Fourastié) (1969)

★ ''Les Assassins de l'Ordre'' (dir Marcel Carné) (1971)

★ ''Mont-Dragon'' (dir Jean Valère) (1971)

★ ''Franz'' (dir Jacques Brel) (1971)

★ ''L'Aventure, c'est l'Aventure'' (dir Claude Lelouch) (1972)

★ ''Le Bar de la Fourche'' (dir Alain Levent) (1972)

★ ''Le Far West'' (dir Jacques Brel) (1973)

★ ''L'Emmerdeur'' (dir Edouard Molinaro) (1973)

External links

★ Jacques Brel, Jojo and the Marquesas

Trivia

★ In the comic strip Asterix, the original French version of the adventure ''Asterix in Belgium'' quotes Brel. When Asterix, Obelix and Chief Vitalstatistix walk through the flat Belgian landscape, the Belgian chieftain says that "Dans ce plat pays qui est le mien, nous avons des oppidums pour uniques montagnes." ("In my flat country the only mountains we have are 'oppidums'". This is a reference to Brel's song "Le Plat Pays" (The Flat Country) in which he sings that in his flat country, churches are the only mountains. In other languages this remark has not been translated in a way to reference Brel.

★ In 2002, Brel Bar Restaurant opened in Ashton Lane in the West End of Glasgow. It offers Belgian food and drink, and some Jacques Brel memorabilia can be seen on the walls. Unfortunately, the sound of Brel is rarely heard. [1]

★ In 2005 Brel was voted to the 7th place of ''De Grootste Belg'' (Dutch for "The Greatest Belgian"), a Flemish television program on the VRT. In the same year he was considered the greatest Belgian by the audience of the ''Le plus grand belge'' (French for the "The Greatest Belgian"), a Walloon television show of the RTBF. In both programs the audience could vote by using the website, sending an SMS or using the telephone. In total several hundred thousands votes were cast. [2]

★ Brel was a pilot. He first got his Private Pilot Licence in 1964, bought a Guardian Horizon, later changed it for a Wassmer 40; and then stepped forward in 1969 by taking his IFR qualification at Les Ailes flight school in Geneva, Switzerland. He continued his training until he was qualified copilot on Lear 25. During his late years in the Marquises (French Polynesia), he flew a small twin-engined plane and served the population as a taxi-plane. Brel was also a sailor.

★ One of the stations of the Brussels metro was named in his honour. Jacques Brel metro station on Line 1B.

★ Brel's nephew Bruno Brel (b. 1951) is also a popular French-language singer/songwriter. His 1998 album ''Moitié Bruno, moitié Brel'' (Half Bruno, Half Brel) contains a mixture of his own songs and cover-versions of his uncle's songs.