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(Redirected from Jarrah (tree))
:''"Jarrah" redirects here; for other uses, see Jarrah (disambiguation).''
'Jarrah' ('''Eucalyptus marginata''') is one of the most common species of ''Eucalyptus'' tree in south western Australia. The species' scientific name ''marginata'' refers to the light-colored vein on the border around its leaves. Because of the similar appearance of worked jarrah timber to the Honduras mahogany tree, jarrah was once called 'Swan River mahogany' after the river system that runs through Perth. Now it is almost exclusively referred to by its Aboriginal name.
Jarrah grows up to 40 m high with a trunk up to 3 m in diameter, and has rough, grayish-brown, vertically grooved, fibrous bark which sheds in long flat strips. The leaves are often curved, 8-13 cm long and 1.5-3 cm broad, shiny dark green above and paler below. The stalked flower buds appear in clusters of 7-11; each bud has a narrow, conical bud cap 5-9 mm long. The flowers are white, 1-2 cm diameter, and bloom in spring and early summer. The fruits are spherical to barrel-shaped, and 9-16 mm long and broad.
The characteristic eucalyptus bark is not shed in patches as it is with many gums, but it splits into fibrous strips. Jarrah trees are also unusual in that they have a lignotuber, a large underground swelling which stores carbohydrates and allows young trees to re-grow after a fire. Because they are deep-rooted (as much as 40 m deep), jarrah are drought resistant, able to draw water from great depths during dry periods.
Jarrah is an important element in its ecology, providing numerous habitats for animal life- especially birds and bees- while it is alive, and in the hollows that form as the heartwood decays. When it falls, it provides shelter to ground-dwellers such as the chuditch (''Dasyurus geoffroii''), a marsupial cat.
Jarrah has shown considerable adaptation to different ecologic zones - as in the Swan Coastal Plain and further north, and also to a different habitat of the lateritic Darling Scarp.
Jarrah is very vulnerable to "dieback", the alga (once thought to be a fungus) ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', which causes root-rot. In large sections of the Darling Scarp there have been various measures to reduce the spread of dieback by washing down vehicles, and restricting access to areas of forest not yet infected.
Jarrah flowers are used to make honey, but its wood is its main use. It is a heavy timber, with a specific gravity of 1.1 when green. Its long, straight trunks of richly coloured and beautifully grained termite-resistant timber make it valuable for cabinet making, flooring, panelling and outdoor furniture. The finished timber has a deep rich reddish-brown color and an attractive grain. When fresh, jarrah is quite workable but when seasoned it becomes so hard that conventional wood-working tools are useless. It is very durable, even in wet and weathered situations, making it a choice structural material for bridges, wharves, railway crossties, ship building and telegraph poles.
Jarrah wood is very similar to Karri wood, and as both trees are found in the south west of Australia, the two timbers are frequently confused. They can be distinguished by cutting an unweathered splinter and burning it: karri burns completely to a white ash, whereas jarrah forms charcoal. Most of the best jarrah has been cut out of south Western Australia.
A large amount was exported to the United Kingdom, where it was cut into blocks and covered with asphalt for roads. One of the large exporters in the late nineteenth century was M. C. Davies who had mills in the Margaret River to Augusta region of the south west, and ports at Hamelin Bay and Flinders Bay.
The local poet 'Dryblower Murphy' even wrote a poem in the early twentieth century about the potential to extract alcohol from jarrah timber "Comeanavajarrah", suggesting that the resource was an endless one for exploitation. Significantly most of the companies that exploited jarrah in the early twentieth century no longer exist.
Fortunately, jarrah is much more highly prized these days, and there is now an industry that recycles it from demolished houses. Even so, in 2004, old 4 inch by 2 inch (10 cm by 5 cm) recycled jarrah is routinely advertised in Perth papers for under AUD $1.50 per metre.
Offcuts and millends, dead and fire affected jarrah also sell as firewood for those using wood for heating in Perth, and 1 tonne loads can now [Winter 2005] exceed AUD $160 per load. Government regulation on the use of firewood in metropolitan Perth requires the wood to be dried out, and not 'green' so as to reduce pollution. Jarrah tends to work well in slow combustion stoves and closed fires and generates a greater heat than most other available woods.
Jarrah is used in musical instrument making, as a top for the acoustic Stompbox and guitar inlays by Western Australian luthier Ellis Guitars.
★
★ Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged), Boland, D. J. ''et al.'', , , CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, 1984, ISBN 0-643-05423-5 .
★ Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth, Powell, Robert, , , Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia, 1990, ISBN 0-7309-3916-2 .
★ Eucalyptus Marginata in Musical Instruments: ''Eucalyptus marginata''
:''"Jarrah" redirects here; for other uses, see Jarrah (disambiguation).''
Jarrah was commonly used for fencing in Western Australia.
'Jarrah' ('''Eucalyptus marginata''') is one of the most common species of ''Eucalyptus'' tree in south western Australia. The species' scientific name ''marginata'' refers to the light-colored vein on the border around its leaves. Because of the similar appearance of worked jarrah timber to the Honduras mahogany tree, jarrah was once called 'Swan River mahogany' after the river system that runs through Perth. Now it is almost exclusively referred to by its Aboriginal name.
Jarrah grows up to 40 m high with a trunk up to 3 m in diameter, and has rough, grayish-brown, vertically grooved, fibrous bark which sheds in long flat strips. The leaves are often curved, 8-13 cm long and 1.5-3 cm broad, shiny dark green above and paler below. The stalked flower buds appear in clusters of 7-11; each bud has a narrow, conical bud cap 5-9 mm long. The flowers are white, 1-2 cm diameter, and bloom in spring and early summer. The fruits are spherical to barrel-shaped, and 9-16 mm long and broad.
The characteristic eucalyptus bark is not shed in patches as it is with many gums, but it splits into fibrous strips. Jarrah trees are also unusual in that they have a lignotuber, a large underground swelling which stores carbohydrates and allows young trees to re-grow after a fire. Because they are deep-rooted (as much as 40 m deep), jarrah are drought resistant, able to draw water from great depths during dry periods.
Jarrah is an important element in its ecology, providing numerous habitats for animal life- especially birds and bees- while it is alive, and in the hollows that form as the heartwood decays. When it falls, it provides shelter to ground-dwellers such as the chuditch (''Dasyurus geoffroii''), a marsupial cat.
Jarrah has shown considerable adaptation to different ecologic zones - as in the Swan Coastal Plain and further north, and also to a different habitat of the lateritic Darling Scarp.
Jarrah is very vulnerable to "dieback", the alga (once thought to be a fungus) ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', which causes root-rot. In large sections of the Darling Scarp there have been various measures to reduce the spread of dieback by washing down vehicles, and restricting access to areas of forest not yet infected.
| Contents |
| Uses |
| Notes |
| References |
| External Links |
Uses
Jarrah flowers are used to make honey, but its wood is its main use. It is a heavy timber, with a specific gravity of 1.1 when green. Its long, straight trunks of richly coloured and beautifully grained termite-resistant timber make it valuable for cabinet making, flooring, panelling and outdoor furniture. The finished timber has a deep rich reddish-brown color and an attractive grain. When fresh, jarrah is quite workable but when seasoned it becomes so hard that conventional wood-working tools are useless. It is very durable, even in wet and weathered situations, making it a choice structural material for bridges, wharves, railway crossties, ship building and telegraph poles.
Jarrah wood is very similar to Karri wood, and as both trees are found in the south west of Australia, the two timbers are frequently confused. They can be distinguished by cutting an unweathered splinter and burning it: karri burns completely to a white ash, whereas jarrah forms charcoal. Most of the best jarrah has been cut out of south Western Australia.
A large amount was exported to the United Kingdom, where it was cut into blocks and covered with asphalt for roads. One of the large exporters in the late nineteenth century was M. C. Davies who had mills in the Margaret River to Augusta region of the south west, and ports at Hamelin Bay and Flinders Bay.
The local poet 'Dryblower Murphy' even wrote a poem in the early twentieth century about the potential to extract alcohol from jarrah timber "Comeanavajarrah", suggesting that the resource was an endless one for exploitation. Significantly most of the companies that exploited jarrah in the early twentieth century no longer exist.
Fortunately, jarrah is much more highly prized these days, and there is now an industry that recycles it from demolished houses. Even so, in 2004, old 4 inch by 2 inch (10 cm by 5 cm) recycled jarrah is routinely advertised in Perth papers for under AUD $1.50 per metre.
Offcuts and millends, dead and fire affected jarrah also sell as firewood for those using wood for heating in Perth, and 1 tonne loads can now [Winter 2005] exceed AUD $160 per load. Government regulation on the use of firewood in metropolitan Perth requires the wood to be dried out, and not 'green' so as to reduce pollution. Jarrah tends to work well in slow combustion stoves and closed fires and generates a greater heat than most other available woods.
Jarrah is used in musical instrument making, as a top for the acoustic Stompbox and guitar inlays by Western Australian luthier Ellis Guitars.
Notes
References
★
★ Forest Trees of Australia (Fourth edition revised and enlarged), Boland, D. J. ''et al.'', , , CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, 1984, ISBN 0-643-05423-5 .
★ Leaf and Branch: Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth, Powell, Robert, , , Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth, Western Australia, 1990, ISBN 0-7309-3916-2 .
External Links
★ Eucalyptus Marginata in Musical Instruments: ''Eucalyptus marginata''
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