JIDAIGEKI
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is a genre of film, television, and theatre in Japan. The name means "period drama," and the period is usually the Edo period of Japanese history, from 1600 to 1868. Some, however, are set much earlier — ''Portrait of Hell'', for example, is set during the late Heian period — and the early Meiji era is also a popular setting. ''Jidaigeki'' show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, and merchants of this time. ''Jidaigeki'' films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning "sword fight", though chambara is really a sub group. They have a set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases, and plotlines.
Many ''jidaigeki'' take place in Edo, the military capital. Others show the adventures of people wandering from place to place. The long-running television series ''Zenigata Heiji'' and ''Abarenbo Shogun'' typify the Edo ''jidaigeki''. ''Mito KÅmon'', the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyo Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and the ''Zatoichi'' movies and television series, exemplify the travelling style.
Another way to categorize ''jidaigeki'' is according to the social status of the principal characters. The title character of ''AbarenbÅ Shogun'' is Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shogun. The head of the samurai class, Yoshimune assumes the disguise of a low-ranking hatamoto, a samurai in the service of the shogun. Similarly, Mito KÅmon is the retired vice-shogun, masquerading as a merchant. In contrast, the coin-throwing Heiji of ''Zenigata Heiji'' is a commoner, working for the police, while Ichi (the title character of ''Zatoichi''), a masseur, is an outcast. ''Gokenin ZankurÅ'' is a samurai, but due to his low rank and income, he has to work extra jobs that higher-ranking samurai were unaccustomed to do.
Whether the lead role is samurai or commoner, ''jidaigeki'' usually reach a climax in an immense sword fight just before the end. The title character of a series always wins, whether using a sword or a ''jitte'' (the device police used to trap, and sometimes to bend or break, an opponent's sword).
Among the characters in ''jidaigeki'' are a parade of people with occupations unfamiliar to modern Japanese, and especially to foreigners. Here are a few.
Main articles: Samurai cinema
The warrior class included samurai, hereditary members in the military service of a daimyo or the shogun (themselves samurai). Ronin, samurai without masters, were also warriors, and like samurai, wore two swords; they were, however, without inherited employment or status. ''Bugeisha'' were men, or in some stories women, who aimed to perfect their martial arts, often by travelling throughout the country. ''Ninja'' were the secret service, specializing in stealth, the use of disguises, explosives, and concealed weapons.
Craftsmen in ''jidaigeki'' included metalworkers (often abducted to mint counterfeit coins), bucket-makers, carpenters and plasterers, and makers of woodblock prints for art or newspapers.
In addition to the owners of businesses large and small, the ''jidaigeki'' often portray the employees. The ''bantÅ'' was a high-ranking employee of a merchant, the ''tedai'', a lower helper. Many merchants employed children, or ''kozÅ''. Itinerant merchants included the organized medicine-sellers, vegetable-growers from outside the city, and peddlers at fairs outside temples and shrines. In contrast, the great brokers in rice, lumber and other commodities operated sprawling shops in the city.
In the highest ranks of the shogunate were the ''rojÅ«''. Below them were the ''wakadoshiyori'', then the various ''bugyÅ'' or administrators, including the ''jisha bugyÅ'' (who administered temples and shrines), the ''kanjÅ bugyÅ'' (in charge of finances) and the two ''Edo machi bugyÅ''. These last alternated by month as chief administrator of the city. Their role encompassed mayor, chief of police, and judge, and jury in criminal and civil matters.
The machi bugyÅ oversaw the police and fire departments. The police, or ''machikata'', included the high-ranking ''yoriki'' and the ''dÅshin'' below them; both were samurai. In ''jidaigeki,'' they often have full-time patrolmen, ''okappiki'' and ''shitappiki'', who were commoners. (Historically, these people were irregulars, called to service only when necessary.) Zenigata Heiji is an ''okappiki''. The police lived in barracks at HatchÅbori in Edo. They manned ''ban'ya'', the watch-houses, throughout the metropolis. The ''jitte'' was the symbol of the police, from yoriki to shitappiki.
A separate police force handled matters involving samurai. The ''Åmetsuke'' were high-ranking officials in the shogunate; the ''metsuke'' and ''kachi-metsuke'', lower-ranking police who could detain samurai. Yet another police force investigated arson-robberies, while Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples fell under the control of another authority. The feudal nature of Japan made these matters delicate, and jurisdictional disputes are common in ''jidaigeki.''
Edo had three fire departments. The ''daimyo-bikeshi'' were in the service of designated daimyo; the ''jÅbikeshi'' reported to the shogunate; while the ''machi-bikeshi'', beginning under Yoshimune, were commoners under the administration of the ''machibugyÅ.'' Thus, even the fire companies have turf wars in the ''jidaigeki''.
Each daimyo maintained a residence in Edo, where he lived during ''sankin kotai.'' His wife and children remained there even while he was away from Edo, and the ladies-in-waiting often feature prominently in ''jidaigeki.'' A high-ranking samurai, the ''Edo-garÅ'', oversaw the affairs in the daimyo's absence. In addition to a staff of samurai, the household included ''ashigaru'' (lightly armed warrior-servants) and ''chÅ«gen'' and ''yakko'' (servants often portrayed as flamboyant and crooked). Many daimyo employed doctors, ''goten'i''; their counterpart in the shogun's household was the ''okuishi''. Count on them to provide the poisons that kill and the potions that heal.
The cast of a wandering ''jidaigeki'' encountered a similar setting in each ''han.'' There, the ''karÅ'' were the ''kuni-garÅ'' and the ''jÅdai-garÅ''. Tensions between them have provided plots for many stories.
What would a ''jidaigeki'' be without characters to give the flavor of the times? Jugglers, pedlars, fortune-tellers, candy-sellers, rag-pickers, blind moneylenders, itinerant singer/shamisen-players, effete courtiers from the imperial capital at Kyoto, the Dutch ''kapitan'' from Nagasaki, streetwalkers and prostitutes from the licensed and unlicensed quarters, the million-dollar kabuki actor, flute-playing mendicant Buddhist priests wearing deep wicker hats, and of course geisha, provide a never-ending pageant of old Japan.
There are several dramatic conventions of ''jidaigeki'':
★ The heroes often wear eye makeup, and the villains often have disarranged hair.
★ A contrived form of old-fashioned Japanese speech, using modern pronunciation and grammar with a high degree of formality and frequent archaisms.
★ In long-running TV series, like ''Mito KÅmon'' and ''Zenigata Heiji'', the lead and supporting actors sometimes change. This is done without any rationale for the change of appearance. The new actor simply appears in the place of the old one and the stories continue.
★ In a sword fight, when a large number of villains attacks the main character, they seldom act simultaneously. Instead, the villains wait their turn to be dispatched, often standing motionless until their turn to be easily defeated arrives.
★ On television, even fatal sword cuts draw little blood, and often do not even cut through clothing. Villains are chopped down with deadly, yet completely invisible, sword blows. Despite this, blood or wounding may be shown for arrow wounds or knife cuts.
★ On film, most often the violence is considerably stylized, sometimes to such a degree that sword cuts cause geysers of blood from wounds. Dismemberment and decapitation are also common.
Authors of ''jidaigeki'' work clichés into the dialog. Here are a few:
★ ''Tonde hi ni iru natsu no mushi'': Like bugs that fly into the fire in the summer [, they will come to their destruction]
★ ''Shishi shinchÅ« no mushi'': A wolf in sheep's clothing (literally, a parasite in the lion's body)
★ ''Kaji to kenka wa Edo no hana'': Fires and brawls are the flower of Edo
★ ''ÅŒedo happyaku yachÅ'': "The eight hundred neighborhoods of Edo"
★ ''Tabi wa michizure'': "Travel is who you take with you"
In addition, the authors of series invent their own clichés in the ''kimarizerifu'' (catchphrases) that the protagonist says at the same point in nearly every episode. In ''Mito KÅmon'', in which the eponymous character disguises himself as a commoner, in the final swordfight, a sidekick invariably holds up an accessory bearing the shogunal crest and shouts, ''Hikae! Kono mondokoro ga me ni hairan ka?'': "Back! Can you not see this emblem?", revealing the identity of the hitherto unsuspected old man with a goatee beard. The villains then instantly surrender and beg forgiveness. Likewise, TÅyama no Kin-san bares his tattooed shoulder and snarls, ''Kono sakura fubuki o miwasureta to iwasane zo!'': "I won't let you say you forgot this cherry-blossom blizzard!" After sentencing the criminals, he proclaims, ''Kore ni te ikken rakuchaku'': "Case closed."
The ''kimarizerifu'' betrays the close connection between the ''jidaigeki'' and the comic-book superhero.
★ ''Aragami''
★ ''Azumi''
★ ''
★ ''Hanzo the Razor'' series
★ ''Harakiri''
★ ''Kurama Tengu'' series
★ ''Lady Snowblood''
★ ''Lone Wolf and Cub'' series
★ ''Mayonaka no Yaji-san Kita-san'' (''Yaji and Kita: The Midnight Pilgrims'')
★ ''Mibu gishi den'' (''When the Last Sword Is Drawn'')
★ ''Princess Mononoke''
★ ''Ran''
★ ''Rashomon''
★ ''Samurai Rebellion''
★ ''Samurai Trilogy''
★ ''Seven Samurai''
★ ''Shogun Assassin''
★ ''Shogun's Shadow''
★ ''Yojimbo''
★ ''Tange Sazen'' series
★ ''Sanjuro''
★ ''Tasogare Seibei'' (''Twilight Samurai'')
★ ''Yagyu Ichizoku no Imbo''
★ ''Zatoichi'' film series
★ ''Abarenbo Shogun''
★ ''Ude ni Oboe ga Aru ''
★ ''Edo o Kiru''
★ ''ÅŒedo SÅsamÅ''
★ ''ÅŒoka Echizen''
★ ''Onihei Hanka-chÅ''
★ ''Onmitsu Kenshi'' (The Samurai (TV show))
★ ''Kage DÅshin''
★ ''Kage no Gundan''
★ ''Gokenin ZankurÅ''
★ ''Kenkaku ShÅbai''
★ ''Zatoichi'' (television series)
★ ''Tsukikage Ran''
★ ''Sambiki ga Kiru!''
★ ''Jitte-nin''
★ ''Shogun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi''
★ ''Shinsen gumi KeppÅ«roku''
★ ''Zenigata Heiji''
★ ''Taiga drama'' (NHK annual series)
★ ''ChÅshichirÅ Edo Nikki''
★ ''Tenamon'ya Sando-gasa''
★ ''Tenga Gomen''
★ ''Tenga DÅdÅ''
★ ''TÅyama no Kin-san''
★ ''Hissatsu series''
★ ''Mito KÅmon''
★ ''Moeyo Ken''
★ ''MomotarÅ-zamurai''
Names are in Western order, with the surname after the given name.
★ Kon Ichikawa
★ Akira Kurosawa
★ Masaki Kobayashi
★ Shozo Makino
★ Kenji Mizoguchi
★ Kihachi Okamoto
★ Tomu Uchida
Names are in Western order, with the given name, then the surname.
★ KanjÅ«rÅ Arashi
★ Yoshimi Ashikawa
★ Shin'ichi Chiba (Sonny Chiba)
★ Makoto Fujita
★ Kimiko Ikegami
★ KÅji Ishizaka
★ ChiezÅ Kataoka
★ ShintarÅ Katsu
★ Morio Kazama
★ Kin'ya KitaÅji
★ Hitomi Kuroki
★ Machiko Kyô
★ Ken Matsudaira
★ Hiroki Matsukata
★ Keiko Matsuzaka
★ Meiko Kaji
★ ToshirÅ Mifune
★ Yoshiko Mita
★ Kunihiko Mitamura
★ Hiroaki Murakami
★ Akira Nagoya
★ Tatsuya Nakadai
★ Kichiemon Nakamura
★ Umenosuke Nakamura
★ KÅ Nishimura
★ HashizÅ ÅŒkawa
★ Matsunosuke Onoe
★ Teruhiko SaigÅ
★ Masato Sakai
★ Hiroyuki Sanada
★ Asao Sano
★ Koichi Sato
★ KÅtarÅ Satomi
★ Takashi Shimura
★ RyÅtarÅ Sugi
★ Yoshie Taira
★ Hideki Takahashi
★ Reiko Takashima
★ Masakazu, RyÅ, and Takahiro Tamura (the three Tamura brothers)
★ Sanae Tsuchida
★ EijirÅ TÅno
★ Ken Watanabe
★ Kinnosuke Yorozuya
★ Kaoru Yumi
★ Tomisaburo Wakayama
★ Star Wars creator George Lucas has admitted to being inspired significantly by the period works of Akira Kurosawa, and many thematic elements found in Star Wars bear the influence of Chanbara filmmaking. In an interview, Lucas has specifically cited the fact that he became acquainted with the term ''jidageki'' while in Japan, and it is widely assumed that he took inspiration for the term Jedi from this.[1][2][3]
1. History of the Jedi & The Jedi Religion Jedi M. Duggan
2. Trivia for Star Wars (1977)
3.
★ A Man, a Blade, an Empty Road: Postwar Samurai Film to 1970 by Allen White on Greencine, this article discusses specific ''chambara'' films, their distinction from regular ''jidai-geki,'' and the evolution of the genre.
★ Jidai Geki - Introduction a good overview of the genre with lists of the films and links through to individual reviews.
★ Cinema of Japan
★ Samurai cinema
★ Gendaigeki
★ Shomingeki
Types of ''jidaigeki''
Actor Kotaro Satomi as Mito KÅmon
Many ''jidaigeki'' take place in Edo, the military capital. Others show the adventures of people wandering from place to place. The long-running television series ''Zenigata Heiji'' and ''Abarenbo Shogun'' typify the Edo ''jidaigeki''. ''Mito KÅmon'', the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyo Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and the ''Zatoichi'' movies and television series, exemplify the travelling style.
Another way to categorize ''jidaigeki'' is according to the social status of the principal characters. The title character of ''AbarenbÅ Shogun'' is Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shogun. The head of the samurai class, Yoshimune assumes the disguise of a low-ranking hatamoto, a samurai in the service of the shogun. Similarly, Mito KÅmon is the retired vice-shogun, masquerading as a merchant. In contrast, the coin-throwing Heiji of ''Zenigata Heiji'' is a commoner, working for the police, while Ichi (the title character of ''Zatoichi''), a masseur, is an outcast. ''Gokenin ZankurÅ'' is a samurai, but due to his low rank and income, he has to work extra jobs that higher-ranking samurai were unaccustomed to do.
Whether the lead role is samurai or commoner, ''jidaigeki'' usually reach a climax in an immense sword fight just before the end. The title character of a series always wins, whether using a sword or a ''jitte'' (the device police used to trap, and sometimes to bend or break, an opponent's sword).
Roles in ''jidaigeki''
Among the characters in ''jidaigeki'' are a parade of people with occupations unfamiliar to modern Japanese, and especially to foreigners. Here are a few.
Warriors
Main articles: Samurai cinema
A group of mounted warriors in ''Ran''.
The warrior class included samurai, hereditary members in the military service of a daimyo or the shogun (themselves samurai). Ronin, samurai without masters, were also warriors, and like samurai, wore two swords; they were, however, without inherited employment or status. ''Bugeisha'' were men, or in some stories women, who aimed to perfect their martial arts, often by travelling throughout the country. ''Ninja'' were the secret service, specializing in stealth, the use of disguises, explosives, and concealed weapons.
Craftsmen
Craftsmen in ''jidaigeki'' included metalworkers (often abducted to mint counterfeit coins), bucket-makers, carpenters and plasterers, and makers of woodblock prints for art or newspapers.
Merchants
In addition to the owners of businesses large and small, the ''jidaigeki'' often portray the employees. The ''bantÅ'' was a high-ranking employee of a merchant, the ''tedai'', a lower helper. Many merchants employed children, or ''kozÅ''. Itinerant merchants included the organized medicine-sellers, vegetable-growers from outside the city, and peddlers at fairs outside temples and shrines. In contrast, the great brokers in rice, lumber and other commodities operated sprawling shops in the city.
Governments
In the highest ranks of the shogunate were the ''rojÅ«''. Below them were the ''wakadoshiyori'', then the various ''bugyÅ'' or administrators, including the ''jisha bugyÅ'' (who administered temples and shrines), the ''kanjÅ bugyÅ'' (in charge of finances) and the two ''Edo machi bugyÅ''. These last alternated by month as chief administrator of the city. Their role encompassed mayor, chief of police, and judge, and jury in criminal and civil matters.
Ban'ya, Toei Uzumasa Studios
The machi bugyÅ oversaw the police and fire departments. The police, or ''machikata'', included the high-ranking ''yoriki'' and the ''dÅshin'' below them; both were samurai. In ''jidaigeki,'' they often have full-time patrolmen, ''okappiki'' and ''shitappiki'', who were commoners. (Historically, these people were irregulars, called to service only when necessary.) Zenigata Heiji is an ''okappiki''. The police lived in barracks at HatchÅbori in Edo. They manned ''ban'ya'', the watch-houses, throughout the metropolis. The ''jitte'' was the symbol of the police, from yoriki to shitappiki.
A separate police force handled matters involving samurai. The ''Åmetsuke'' were high-ranking officials in the shogunate; the ''metsuke'' and ''kachi-metsuke'', lower-ranking police who could detain samurai. Yet another police force investigated arson-robberies, while Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples fell under the control of another authority. The feudal nature of Japan made these matters delicate, and jurisdictional disputes are common in ''jidaigeki.''
Edo had three fire departments. The ''daimyo-bikeshi'' were in the service of designated daimyo; the ''jÅbikeshi'' reported to the shogunate; while the ''machi-bikeshi'', beginning under Yoshimune, were commoners under the administration of the ''machibugyÅ.'' Thus, even the fire companies have turf wars in the ''jidaigeki''.
Licensed quarter on a set at Toei Uzumasa Studios, Kyoto
Each daimyo maintained a residence in Edo, where he lived during ''sankin kotai.'' His wife and children remained there even while he was away from Edo, and the ladies-in-waiting often feature prominently in ''jidaigeki.'' A high-ranking samurai, the ''Edo-garÅ'', oversaw the affairs in the daimyo's absence. In addition to a staff of samurai, the household included ''ashigaru'' (lightly armed warrior-servants) and ''chÅ«gen'' and ''yakko'' (servants often portrayed as flamboyant and crooked). Many daimyo employed doctors, ''goten'i''; their counterpart in the shogun's household was the ''okuishi''. Count on them to provide the poisons that kill and the potions that heal.
The cast of a wandering ''jidaigeki'' encountered a similar setting in each ''han.'' There, the ''karÅ'' were the ''kuni-garÅ'' and the ''jÅdai-garÅ''. Tensions between them have provided plots for many stories.
What would a ''jidaigeki'' be without characters to give the flavor of the times? Jugglers, pedlars, fortune-tellers, candy-sellers, rag-pickers, blind moneylenders, itinerant singer/shamisen-players, effete courtiers from the imperial capital at Kyoto, the Dutch ''kapitan'' from Nagasaki, streetwalkers and prostitutes from the licensed and unlicensed quarters, the million-dollar kabuki actor, flute-playing mendicant Buddhist priests wearing deep wicker hats, and of course geisha, provide a never-ending pageant of old Japan.
Conventions
There are several dramatic conventions of ''jidaigeki'':
★ The heroes often wear eye makeup, and the villains often have disarranged hair.
★ A contrived form of old-fashioned Japanese speech, using modern pronunciation and grammar with a high degree of formality and frequent archaisms.
★ In long-running TV series, like ''Mito KÅmon'' and ''Zenigata Heiji'', the lead and supporting actors sometimes change. This is done without any rationale for the change of appearance. The new actor simply appears in the place of the old one and the stories continue.
★ In a sword fight, when a large number of villains attacks the main character, they seldom act simultaneously. Instead, the villains wait their turn to be dispatched, often standing motionless until their turn to be easily defeated arrives.
★ On television, even fatal sword cuts draw little blood, and often do not even cut through clothing. Villains are chopped down with deadly, yet completely invisible, sword blows. Despite this, blood or wounding may be shown for arrow wounds or knife cuts.
★ On film, most often the violence is considerably stylized, sometimes to such a degree that sword cuts cause geysers of blood from wounds. Dismemberment and decapitation are also common.
Clichés and catchphrases
Authors of ''jidaigeki'' work clichés into the dialog. Here are a few:
★ ''Tonde hi ni iru natsu no mushi'': Like bugs that fly into the fire in the summer [, they will come to their destruction]
★ ''Shishi shinchÅ« no mushi'': A wolf in sheep's clothing (literally, a parasite in the lion's body)
★ ''Kaji to kenka wa Edo no hana'': Fires and brawls are the flower of Edo
★ ''ÅŒedo happyaku yachÅ'': "The eight hundred neighborhoods of Edo"
★ ''Tabi wa michizure'': "Travel is who you take with you"
In addition, the authors of series invent their own clichés in the ''kimarizerifu'' (catchphrases) that the protagonist says at the same point in nearly every episode. In ''Mito KÅmon'', in which the eponymous character disguises himself as a commoner, in the final swordfight, a sidekick invariably holds up an accessory bearing the shogunal crest and shouts, ''Hikae! Kono mondokoro ga me ni hairan ka?'': "Back! Can you not see this emblem?", revealing the identity of the hitherto unsuspected old man with a goatee beard. The villains then instantly surrender and beg forgiveness. Likewise, TÅyama no Kin-san bares his tattooed shoulder and snarls, ''Kono sakura fubuki o miwasureta to iwasane zo!'': "I won't let you say you forgot this cherry-blossom blizzard!" After sentencing the criminals, he proclaims, ''Kore ni te ikken rakuchaku'': "Case closed."
The ''kimarizerifu'' betrays the close connection between the ''jidaigeki'' and the comic-book superhero.
Famous ''jidaigeki''
Films
★ ''Aragami''
★ ''Azumi''
★ ''
★ ''Hanzo the Razor'' series
★ ''Harakiri''
★ ''Kurama Tengu'' series
★ ''Lady Snowblood''
★ ''Lone Wolf and Cub'' series
★ ''Mayonaka no Yaji-san Kita-san'' (''Yaji and Kita: The Midnight Pilgrims'')
★ ''Mibu gishi den'' (''When the Last Sword Is Drawn'')
★ ''Princess Mononoke''
★ ''Ran''
★ ''Rashomon''
★ ''Samurai Rebellion''
★ ''Samurai Trilogy''
★ ''Seven Samurai''
★ ''Shogun Assassin''
★ ''Shogun's Shadow''
★ ''Yojimbo''
★ ''Tange Sazen'' series
★ ''Sanjuro''
★ ''Tasogare Seibei'' (''Twilight Samurai'')
★ ''Yagyu Ichizoku no Imbo''
★ ''Zatoichi'' film series
Television series
Kita Machi BugyÅ-sho, Toei Uzumasa Studios
★ ''Abarenbo Shogun''
★ ''Ude ni Oboe ga Aru ''
★ ''Edo o Kiru''
★ ''ÅŒedo SÅsamÅ''
★ ''ÅŒoka Echizen''
★ ''Onihei Hanka-chÅ''
★ ''Onmitsu Kenshi'' (The Samurai (TV show))
★ ''Kage DÅshin''
★ ''Kage no Gundan''
★ ''Gokenin ZankurÅ''
★ ''Kenkaku ShÅbai''
★ ''Zatoichi'' (television series)
★ ''Tsukikage Ran''
★ ''Sambiki ga Kiru!''
★ ''Jitte-nin''
★ ''Shogun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi''
★ ''Shinsen gumi KeppÅ«roku''
★ ''Zenigata Heiji''
★ ''Taiga drama'' (NHK annual series)
★ ''ChÅshichirÅ Edo Nikki''
Sento, Toei Uzumasa Studios
★ ''Tenamon'ya Sando-gasa''
★ ''Tenga Gomen''
★ ''Tenga DÅdÅ''
★ ''TÅyama no Kin-san''
★ ''Hissatsu series''
★ ''Mito KÅmon''
★ ''Moeyo Ken''
★ ''MomotarÅ-zamurai''
Famous directors
Names are in Western order, with the surname after the given name.
★ Kon Ichikawa
★ Akira Kurosawa
★ Masaki Kobayashi
★ Shozo Makino
★ Kenji Mizoguchi
★ Kihachi Okamoto
★ Tomu Uchida
Famous actors and actresses
Names are in Western order, with the given name, then the surname.
★ KanjÅ«rÅ Arashi
★ Yoshimi Ashikawa
★ Shin'ichi Chiba (Sonny Chiba)
★ Makoto Fujita
★ Kimiko Ikegami
★ KÅji Ishizaka
★ ChiezÅ Kataoka
★ ShintarÅ Katsu
★ Morio Kazama
★ Kin'ya KitaÅji
★ Hitomi Kuroki
★ Machiko Kyô
★ Ken Matsudaira
★ Hiroki Matsukata
★ Keiko Matsuzaka
★ Meiko Kaji
★ ToshirÅ Mifune
★ Yoshiko Mita
★ Kunihiko Mitamura
★ Hiroaki Murakami
★ Akira Nagoya
★ Tatsuya Nakadai
★ Kichiemon Nakamura
★ Umenosuke Nakamura
★ KÅ Nishimura
★ HashizÅ ÅŒkawa
★ Matsunosuke Onoe
★ Teruhiko SaigÅ
★ Masato Sakai
★ Hiroyuki Sanada
★ Asao Sano
★ Koichi Sato
★ KÅtarÅ Satomi
★ Takashi Shimura
★ RyÅtarÅ Sugi
★ Yoshie Taira
★ Hideki Takahashi
★ Reiko Takashima
★ Masakazu, RyÅ, and Takahiro Tamura (the three Tamura brothers)
★ Sanae Tsuchida
★ EijirÅ TÅno
★ Ken Watanabe
★ Kinnosuke Yorozuya
★ Kaoru Yumi
★ Tomisaburo Wakayama
Trivia
★ Star Wars creator George Lucas has admitted to being inspired significantly by the period works of Akira Kurosawa, and many thematic elements found in Star Wars bear the influence of Chanbara filmmaking. In an interview, Lucas has specifically cited the fact that he became acquainted with the term ''jidageki'' while in Japan, and it is widely assumed that he took inspiration for the term Jedi from this.[1][2][3]
References
1. History of the Jedi & The Jedi Religion Jedi M. Duggan
2. Trivia for Star Wars (1977)
3.
External links
★ A Man, a Blade, an Empty Road: Postwar Samurai Film to 1970 by Allen White on Greencine, this article discusses specific ''chambara'' films, their distinction from regular ''jidai-geki,'' and the evolution of the genre.
★ Jidai Geki - Introduction a good overview of the genre with lists of the films and links through to individual reviews.
See also
★ Cinema of Japan
★ Samurai cinema
★ Gendaigeki
★ Shomingeki
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