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EspañolJIMMY WALES
'Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales' (born August 1966 in Huntsville, Alabama[2][3]) is an American Internet entrepreneur known for his role in founding Wikipedia[4][5][6] and other wiki-related projects, including the charitable organization Wikimedia Foundation, and the for-profit company Wikia, Inc.[7]
Personal life
Wales' father worked as a grocery store manager while his mother, Doris, and his grandmother, Erma, ran a small private school, in the tradition of the one-room schoolhouse, where Wales received his education. Most of the time there were four children in his grade so the school grouped the first through fourth grade students together and the fifth through eighth grade students together.[8] In his adult life, Wales enjoys sailing and is an outdoor enthusiast.[9]
Education
After eighth grade, Wales attended Randolph School, a university-preparatory school in Huntsville, Alabama. Wales has said that the school was expensive for his family, but that education was regarded as important. "Education was always a passion in my household… you know, the very traditional approach to knowledge and learning and establishing that as a base for a good life." He received his Bachelor's degree in finance from Auburn University and started with the Ph.D. finance program at the University of Alabama, where he left with a Master's in finance. After that, he took courses offered in the Ph.D. finance program at Indiana University. He taught at both universities during his postgraduate studies, but did not write the doctoral dissertation required to earn a Ph.D.
Career
From 1994–2000, Wales served as research director at Chicago Options Associates, a futures and options trader in Chicago. By "speculating on interest rate and foreign-currency fluctuations" he had soon earned enough to "support himself and his wife for the rest of their lives", according to Daniel Pink of Wired Magazine. The Book Stops Here During this time one of the projects Wales undertook was the creation of a dot-com erotic search engine, Bomis, that later helped in the initial funding for Wikipedia. The nature of Bomis is disputed—Wales describes Bomis as a "guy-oriented search engine" that often sold erotic materials similar in nature to "Maxim" magazine's scantily clad women. Wales disputes the statement that Bomis dealt in "soft-core pornography," preferring the term "adult content."[10]
In a 2007 interview Wales said that in 1999 he had a student design software for a top-down design multilingual encyclopedia website; however, it was too slow to be usable.[11]
In March 2000, he started a peer-reviewed, open-content encyclopedia, Nupedia ("the free encyclopedia"), and hired Larry Sanger to be its editor-in-chief.
Wikipedia and Wikimedia Foundation
Wales speaking at Wikimania 2007
Main articles: History of Wikipedia
After Larry Sanger publicly proposed on January 10, 2001 the idea of using a wiki to create an encyclopedia, Wales installed wiki software on a server and authorized Sanger to pursue the project under his supervision. Sanger dubbed the project "Wikipedia" and, with Wales, laid down the founding principles, content and established an Internet-based community of contributors during that year. Wikipedia was initially intended to be a wiki-based site for collaboration on early encyclopedic content for submission to Nupedia, but Wikipedia's rapid growth quickly overshadowed Nupedia's development. Sanger worked on and promoted both the Nupedia and Wikipedia projects until Bomis discontinued funding for his position in February 2002; Sanger resigned as editor-in-chief of Nupedia and as "chief organizer" of Wikipedia on March 1.[12][13] Wales has said that he initially was so worried with the concept that he would wake up in the middle of the night, wanting to check the site for vandalism. In mid-2003, Wales set up the Wikimedia Foundation,[14] a non-profit organizationBBC.co.uk. Technology. Open media to connect communities. 20 November 2005 based in St. Petersburg, Florida, to support Wikipedia and its younger sibling projects. The Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation consists of seven directors as of May 2007.Wikimedia Foundation. Board of Trustees. In 2004 in interview with Slashdot Wales has explained his motivations about Wikipedia, "Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing."[15]
Wikia
Main articles: Wikia
Wales also later went on to co-found, with Angela Beesley, the for-profit company Wikia, Inc. in 2004. Wikia is a wiki farm, in that it is a collection of different individual wikis on different subjects, all hosted on the same website.[16] One of the proposed services of Wikia is Wikia Search, with which Wales means to upset Google, a service he says produces excessive "spam and useless crap." Wales emphasizes the inner workings of the search engine will be "transparent." He went on to say, "This is fundamental, basic information about the world. It needs to be neutral, and there needs to be an accountable, transparent, public dialogue about how it's created." He further stated, "I trust Google reasonably well, but that's like saying you have a favorite politician. I trust this politician, but I still want the city council to meet publicly. I still want a certain transparency in how government is run, even if you trust the person who's in charge now."
Media appearances and honors
Jimmy Wales on the Holbeinsteg bridge in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, during a shooting break of a documentary film on Wikipedia created by French-German TV station arte.
Wales was the first person listed in the "Scientists & Thinkers" section of the May 8 2006 special edition of ''Time'' ("The lives and ideas of the world's most influential people"), listing 100 influential people. Jimmy Wales: The (Proud) Amateur Who Created Wikipedia Chris Anderson
Wales received an honorary degree from Knox College on June 3 2006. The Electronic Frontier Foundation awarded him a Pioneer Award on May 3, 2006.[19]
Wales appeared on PBS' Charlie Rose on October 6 2006[20] and was nominated for Beard of the Year 2006.[21]
On November 4, 2006, Wales appeared in the "Not My Job" segment of ''Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!'', a humorous news-quiz show on National Public Radio. The topic was "It must be True, I read it on Wikipedia". The three questions posed, drawn from obscure content on Wikipedia, were answered incorrectly.[22]
''Forbes'' magazine ranked him twelfth in its first annual "The Web Celebs 25."[23]
Wales was featured in the April 2 2007 issue of ''Time'' magazine in the article "10 Questions: Jimmy Wales." He answered ten questions culled from ''Time's readership. He was the second to be interviewed in this fashion, after Chris Rock, as previously the questions were composed by a ''Time'' staff member. In his replies, he acknowledged the limitations of Wikipedia, while defending its usefulness.[24]
On April 10, 2007 the Annual Meeting of the Friends of the Spartanburg County Public Libraries (in South Carolina and hosted by Converse College) had Jimmy Wales as a special guest speaker.[25] A humorous event occurred when an introductory speaker (Dr. Mark Monson) misspoke while presenting an award and said “gynecological” rather than “genealogical.” Later, during a question-and-answer period, Wales was asked by a school-aged child what Wales’s favorite article was that a third grader could read. Wales (after some consideration) said that Inherently funny word would probably be the case. He later cautioned that a parent may want to check on this before sending their child to the site. However, perhaps a new word will be added to this article because the questioner after a few attempts at pronunciation asked if “genie-whatever that was” was one of those words, and if it was the study of genies. Wales said that this question should be answered by his parents and continued with the forum.
On April 26 2007 Wales had a run-in with The Chaser, an Australian satire group. He was used in the first occurrence of the "Mr. Ten Questions" segment in Season 2 of The Chaser's War on Everything, in which a "reporter" asks the victim ten questions of variable relevance without pausing for a response until all questions are asked. Wales managed to score a 4 out of 10, however some of the answers did not seem to match the questions being asked.[26]
Controversy
Bomis
Main articles: Bomis
In 1996, Wales founded a search portal called Bomis, which also sold erotic materials until mid-2005. He was asked in a September 2005 C-SPAN interview about his previous involvement with what the interviewer, Brian Lamb, called "dirty pictures." In response, Wales described Bomis as a "guy-oriented search engine", with a market similar to that of Maxim magazine. In an interview with ''Wired News'', he also explained that he disputed the categorization of Bomis content as "soft-core pornography" saying, "If R-rated movies are soft porn, it was porn. In other words, no, it was not. That description is inaccurate" (as
Wales told Wired News in the phone interview that Monday).[10]
Wikipedia biography
Main articles: History of Wikipedia#Conceptual origins, l1=Origins of Wikipedia
In late 2005, Wales was criticized for editing his own biography page on Wikipedia. In particular, Rogers Cadenhead drew attention to logs showing that Wales had removed references to Sanger as the co-founder of Wikipedia.[28] Larry Sanger commented that "Having seen edits like this, it does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history. But this is a futile process because in our brave new world of transparent activity and maximum communication, the truth will out."[29][30] Wales was also observed to have modified references to Bomis in a way that was characterized as downplaying the sexual nature of some of his former company's products. An article in the July 31 2006 issue of ''The New Yorker'' magazine[31] expanded on this topic:
In both cases, Wales argued that his modifications were solely intended to improve the accuracy of the content. He apologized for editing his own biography, which is a practice generally frowned upon at Wikipedia. Wales said in the ''Wired'' interview, "People should not do it, including me. I wish I had not done it."
Wales continues to assert that he is the sole founder of Wikipedia, which he bases on the specific fact that Sanger was his employee.[32] In 2006, Wales told ''The Boston Globe'' that "it's preposterous" to call Sanger the co-founder;[33] however, Sanger was identified as a co-founder of Wikipedia at least as early as September 2001[34] and referred to himself that way as early as January 2002.[35] In addition to developing Wikipedia in its early phase and guiding the project, Sanger is also responsible for the idea of applying the wiki concept to the building of a free encyclopedia. It is undisputed that he also coined the name of the project. He nevertheless ascribed the broader idea to Wales: "To be clear, the idea of an open source, collaborative encyclopedia, open to contribution by ordinary people, was entirely Jimmy's, not mine, and the funding was entirely by Bomis. (…) The actual development of this encyclopedia was the task he gave me to work on."[36] In response to Wales' revisionism, Sanger posted on his personal webpage a collection of evidence about his role in founding Wikipedia by referencing earlier versions of Wikipedia pages, citing Wikipedia press releases, and linking to early media coverage, all of which described Wales and Sanger as the co-founders.[37] In a discussion with Brian Bergstein of the Associated Press, Wales said: "When you write this up please do not uncritically repeat Sanger's absurd claim to be the co-founder of Wikipedia." He added: "I am not bent out of shape about it. The facts are on my side, which is why I bother so little about it."
Birthdate
Wales had previously edited his entries on Wikipedia and on the Wikimedia Foundation's website in 2004 to indicate his date of birth is August 7, 1966.[38][39] He also made a statement in 2006 in which he wrote in part: "My date of birth is not August 8, 1966."[40] The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', Current Biography, and Who’s Who in America support this statement.[41] Current Biography Yearbook 2006 - Publisher: H. W. Wilson (February 28, 2007) ISBN 978-0824210748, , , , , , [42] However, according to a researcher’s note on the Britannica’s website in June 2007, Wales contacted Britannica claiming that the date of August 7, 1966 was incorrect but was unwilling to provide them with a documented alternative.[43] On July 27, 2007, when asked by Oregonian reporter Mike Rogoway when his birthday was Wales is reported to have mysteriously stated, "Nobody knows." Moreover, on his blog Rogoway claims that a Florida public records search shows that Wales’ drivers license lists his date of birth as August 8, 1966. In August 2007, Wales expanded on this in his Wikipedia talk page by stating, in part: "In any event, the quotes in the Oregonian are correct."
Personal philosophy
Wales is a self-avowed "Objectivist to the core", to the extent of having named his daughter Kira after the heroine in Ayn Rand's ''We the Living'', although he says, "I think I do a better job — than a lot of people who self-identify as Objectivists — of not pushing my point of view on other people."[44] When asked by Brian Lamb in his appearance on C-SPAN's ''Q&A'' about Rand, Wales cited "the virtue of independence" as important to him personally. When asked if he could trace "the Ayn Rand connection" to having a political philosophy at the time of the interview, Wales reluctantly labeled himself a libertarian, qualifying his remark by referring to the Libertarian Party as "lunatics" and citing "freedom, liberty, basically individual rights, that idea of dealing with other people in a matter that is not initiating force against them" as his guiding principles. From 1992 to 1996, he ran the electronic mailing list "Moderated Discussion of Objectivist Philosophy."[45] An interview with Wales served as the cover feature of the June 2007 issue of the libertarian magazine ''Reason''.
Published works by Wales
★ Robert Brooks, Jon Corson, and J. Donal Wales. "The Pricing of Index Options When the Underlying Assets All Follow a Lognormal Diffusion", in ''Advances in Futures and Options Research'', volume 7, 1994. See also log-normal distribution.
References
1. Curiousity filled the biggest textbook in the world
2. Rogoway, M. (July 27, 2007) "Wikipedia & its founder disagree on his birth date," ''Silicon Forest'' ''(The Oregonian)'' accessed August 8, 2007
3. Wales, J. (August 8, 2007) "More birthdate nonsense" ''User talk:Jimbo Wales'' accessed August 8, 2007
4. Insider Editing at Wikipedia Dan Mitchell
5. Free Encyclopedia Project, Wikipedia, Creates 20,000 Articles in a Year Wikipedia press release January 15, 2002
6. Sanger says he co-started Wikipedia Brian Bergstein —Brian Bergstein.
7. Wikipedia founder hunts for gold Tom McNichol
8. Q&A: Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia founder Lamb, Brian
9. "Why Is This Man Smiling?" "Wales revealed that Wikia, his for-profit Silicon Valley startup, was working on Search Wikia, which he touted as "the search engine that changes everything … Just as Wikipedia revolutionized how we think about knowledge and the encyclopedia, we have a chance now to revolutionize how we think about search."
10. Wikipedia Founder Edits Own Bio
11. In Search of an Online Utopia 2007-02-01.
12. My resignation—Larry Sanger 2002-03-01. Retrieved on 2006-10-19.
13. Wikipedia's co-founder eyes a Digital Universe 2006-01-06.
14. Wikimedia foundation bylaws.
15. "Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales Replies" Wales, Jimmy
16. Wikia. Main Page. 12 May 2007.
17. Wikipedia Founder Joins Socialtext Board
18. Creative Commons Adds Two New Board Members
19. EFF Honors Craigslist, Gigi Sohn, and Jimmy Wales with Pioneer Awards
20. Video of Jimmy Wales on Charlie Rose October 4, 2006
21. Beard of the Year
22. "This Week's Show 4 November 2006"
23. The Web Celeb 25
24.
10 Questions: Jimmy Wales —Jimmy Wales.
25.
26. Chaser's war on Wikipedia founder Asher Moses
27. Wikipedia Founder Edits Own Bio
28. Wikipedia diff showing modification by Mr. Wales
29. Wikipedia founder edits himself Rhys Blakely
30. Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1 Rogers Cadenhead
31. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=29849184&oldid=29772366
32. Everyone's Encyclopedia
33. Bias, sabotage haunt Wikipedia's free world Janet Knott
34. Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You "I can start an article that will consist of one paragraph, and then a real expert will come along and add three paragraphs and clean up my one paragraph," said Larry Sanger of Las Vegas, who founded Wikipedia with Mr. Wales.
35. What Wikipedia is and why it matters Sanger, Larry
36. The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir
37.
My role in Wikipedia (links) Larry Sanger
38.
Edit by Jimbo Wales at Wikipedia Jimbo Wales
39.
Edit by Jimbo Wales at Wikimedia Foundation Jimbo Wales
40.
Wales claim birthdate is not August 8, 1966
41. Jimmy Wales
42. Who's Who In America: Diamond Edition - Publisher: Marquis Who's Who; 60th edition (October 12, 2005) ISBN 978-0837969909, , , , , ,
43.
Jimmy Wales's date of birth
44. Jimmy Wales Will Destroy Google
45.
External links
★ Wales' page on the English Wikipedia
★ Wales' blog
★
News media
★ For your information Tim Adams
★ Power to the Wikipeople
★ Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales discusses encyclopedias, Microsoft and the next big thing(s) on the Internet
★ It's a Wiki world out there for the Web's groupmind
★ Interview: Wikipedia's Jimmy Wales
★ St. Petersburg tech brain creates 'wiki' world with online encyclopedia
★ Wikipedia founder admits serious quality problems
★ It's Like a Blog, But It's a Wiki
★ Alabamian is brain behind Wikipedia
★ Wikipedia Chief considers taking ads
★ Industrial Art Illuminates Life
Audio/video
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