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'John Chapman' (1821 - 1894) was a publisher who had medical training and was based at 142 the Strand, London.
In 1846 he published the first English translation of David Strauss' ''Life of Jesus'', translated by Mary Ann Evans, later better known by her pen name of George Eliot. Seven years later he published her translation of Feuerbach's ''The Essence of Christianity''.
He acquired the philosophical radical journal the ''Westminster Review'' in 1851, and provided a platform for emerging ideas of evolution. His assistant Mary Ann Evans brought together authors including Francis Newman, W. R. Greg, Harriet Martineau and the young journalist Herbert Spencer, and later John Stuart Mill, William Carpenter, Robert Chambers, George Holyoake and Thomas Huxley.
Chapman subsequently became a qualified specialist in sickness and psychological medicine, and in 1865 Charles Darwin invited Dr. Chapman to Downe and gave him a long list of the symptoms he had suffered from for 25 years. Chapman prescribed a spinal freezing treatment.

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★ Adrian Desmond and James Moore, ''Darwin'' (London: Michael Joseph, the Penguin Group, 1991). ISBN 0-7181-3430-3