JUMBO

'Jumbo' (1861 - September 15, 1885) was a very large African elephant, born 1861 in French Sudan, imported to a Paris zoo, transferred to the London Zoo in 1865, and sold in 1882 to P. T. Barnum, for the circus. The giant elephant's name has spawned the common word "jumbo" as meaning large in size.

Contents

History

See also

Notes

External links

History

The elephant Jumbo was born in 1861 in the French Sudan, from where he was imported to France and kept in the old Zoo ''Jardin des Plantes'', near the railway station Gare d'Austerlitz in Paris. In 1865 he was transferred to the London Zoo, where he became famous for giving rides to visitors. Children rode on Jumbo's back during his stay at the London Zoo. The London zoo-keepers gave Jumbo his name; it is likely an afflicted version of one of two Swahili words: ''jambo'' (which means "hello") or ''jumbe'' (which means "chief").
Jumbo was sold in 1882 to P. T. Barnum, owner of "The Greatest Show on Earth" (the Barnum & Bailey Circus), for $10,000 US. When Barnum had offered to buy Jumbo, 100,000 school children wrote to Queen Victoria begging her not to sell Jumbo.
Estimated to be 3.25 metres (11 ft) high in the London Zoo, it was claimed that Jumbo was approximately 4 metres (13 ft) tall by the time of his death. Jumbo died at a train marshalling yard in St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada, where he was crushed by a locomotive. A life-size statue of the elephant in St. Thomas commemorates the tragedy. Many metallic objects were found in the elephant's stomach, including pennies, nickels, dimes, keys, and rivets. According to Tufts University, Jumbo died saving a young circus elephant, Tom Thumb from being hit by the locomotive^[1].

Jumbo's skeleton was donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, New York, USA. The elephant's heart was sold to Cornell University. Jumbo's hide was stuffed by William J. Critchley and Carl Akeley, both of Ward's Natural Science, and the mounted specimen traveled with Barnum's circus for a number of years. In 1889, Barnum donated the stuffed Jumbo to Tufts University, where it was displayed until destroyed by a fire in 1975. The great elephant's ashes are kept in a 14-ounce Peter Pan Crunchy Peanut Butter jar in the office of the Tufts athletic director.^[2] A statue of "Jumbo" was purchased from an amusement park and placed on the Tufts campus after the fire, however this statue erroneously depicts an Asian elephant, not an African elephant. In honor of his brave soul, Jumbo became the university's mascot, and remains such to this day.

Jumbo was used on at least one Victorian Trading Card (1890) to advertise Fletcher's Castoria. The text read "Jumbo Feeds Baby Castoria. From peasant nurse to high born lady, All mothers know what's good for baby. While Jumbo, too, though not a lady, Follows suit and feeds the great baby." An image of the card is shown on [3]. Barnum is quoted on the back of the card praising the benefits of the company's ointment Centaur Liniment.
As a result of Barnum's publicity the word "jumbo" is now synonymous with "large" or "huge": a large hot dog sausage may be called a "jumbo hot dog"; the Boeing 747 is known as the "Jumbo Jet".

See also

★ ''The Greatest Show on Earth'': A movie based on the story of the Barnum and Bailey Circus.

★ History of elephants in Europe

★ List of historical elephants

★ Mighty Mary

Notes

1. Tufts Magazine, Spring, 2002. [1]
2. Tufts Magazine, Spring, 2002. [2]

External links

★ Jumbo at Find-A-Grave

★ Tufts Magazine article on Jumbo