KAYMAKAM
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A 'kaymakam' (also spelled 'kaimakam' and 'caimacam') is the title used for the governor of a provincial district in the Republic of Turkey; additionally, it was a title used for roughly the same official position in the Ottoman Empire.
The modern Turkish term ''kaymakam'' or ''kaimakam'' originally comes from two Arabic words as used in Ottoman Turkish: ''kâim'' (قائم), meaning "in the place of"; and ''makâm'' (مقام), originally used for "place" but, in this context, used with the sense of "office", "position", or "state". Thus, in Ottoman times, a ''kâim-makâm'' was a state officer who was considered a representative of the sultan at a local level; today, a ''kaymakam'' is a representative of the government or state at a local level.
According to some, the first ''kaymakam'' in history was ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« ṬÄlib, who is supposed to have been appointed by the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, as the first rightful caliph. Thus, ‘AlÄ« was considered to be serving "in the place of" Muhammad.
The term has a more specific meaning in Moldavian and Wallachian history, where it refers to a temporary replacement for a Hospodar ("prince"), in and after Phanariote rule, as well as the delegates of the Oltenian Ban in Craiova after the main office was moved to Bucharest during the same period (1761). In this context, the word may be spelled ''caimacam'', while the Romanian term for the office is ''căimăcămie''.
In Arabia, four ''hakims'' (native rulers) of the later emirate of Qatar held the additional Ottoman title of kaymakam in their administrative capacity since 1872 of district administrator since the establishment of Ottoman sovereignty (as kazan [district] of Sandjak al-Hasa, within the vilayet of Baghdad, from 1875 Basra vilayet) till this was exchanged on 3 November 1916 with a British protectorate (as Sheikdom of Qatar, colonially under the chief political resident of the Persian Gulf, at Bahrein). Similarly, three ruling native hakims of the later emirate of Kuwait, were also also Kaymakam of a kazan in the same province, 1871 till a British protectorate, also on 3 November 1914.
In the Ottoman army, as well as in the Egypt of Muhammad Ali, the title of ''kaymakam'' came to be used for a lieutenant colonel; it was also applied to naval commanders in the same context. Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, also served as a ''kaymakam'' for the 57th regiment in the Battle of Gallipoli.
★ ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« ṬÄlib
★ BoÄŸazlıyan Kaymakamı
★ Yalova Kaymakamı
★ Mustafa Kemal
★ Kaymakam Åžerif Bey
★ Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
(incomplete)
★ WorldStatesmen- see present nations
| Contents |
| Etymology |
| History |
| Kaymakams as an official rank |
| Kaymakams as a military rank |
| See also |
| Sources and references |
Etymology
The modern Turkish term ''kaymakam'' or ''kaimakam'' originally comes from two Arabic words as used in Ottoman Turkish: ''kâim'' (قائم), meaning "in the place of"; and ''makâm'' (مقام), originally used for "place" but, in this context, used with the sense of "office", "position", or "state". Thus, in Ottoman times, a ''kâim-makâm'' was a state officer who was considered a representative of the sultan at a local level; today, a ''kaymakam'' is a representative of the government or state at a local level.
History
According to some, the first ''kaymakam'' in history was ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« ṬÄlib, who is supposed to have been appointed by the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, as the first rightful caliph. Thus, ‘AlÄ« was considered to be serving "in the place of" Muhammad.
The term has a more specific meaning in Moldavian and Wallachian history, where it refers to a temporary replacement for a Hospodar ("prince"), in and after Phanariote rule, as well as the delegates of the Oltenian Ban in Craiova after the main office was moved to Bucharest during the same period (1761). In this context, the word may be spelled ''caimacam'', while the Romanian term for the office is ''căimăcămie''.
In Arabia, four ''hakims'' (native rulers) of the later emirate of Qatar held the additional Ottoman title of kaymakam in their administrative capacity since 1872 of district administrator since the establishment of Ottoman sovereignty (as kazan [district] of Sandjak al-Hasa, within the vilayet of Baghdad, from 1875 Basra vilayet) till this was exchanged on 3 November 1916 with a British protectorate (as Sheikdom of Qatar, colonially under the chief political resident of the Persian Gulf, at Bahrein). Similarly, three ruling native hakims of the later emirate of Kuwait, were also also Kaymakam of a kazan in the same province, 1871 till a British protectorate, also on 3 November 1914.
In the Ottoman army, as well as in the Egypt of Muhammad Ali, the title of ''kaymakam'' came to be used for a lieutenant colonel; it was also applied to naval commanders in the same context. Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, also served as a ''kaymakam'' for the 57th regiment in the Battle of Gallipoli.
Kaymakams as an official rank
★ ‘AlÄ« ibn AbÄ« ṬÄlib
★ BoÄŸazlıyan Kaymakamı
★ Yalova Kaymakamı
Kaymakams as a military rank
★ Mustafa Kemal
★ Kaymakam Åžerif Bey
See also
★ Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
Sources and references
(incomplete)
★ WorldStatesmen- see present nations
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psst.. try this: add to faves
