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The 'Kingdom of Great Britain', also known as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', was a state in Western Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800. It was created by the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England, under the Acts of Union 1707, to create a single kingdom encompassing the whole of the island of Great Britain. A new single parliament and government, based in Westminster in London, controlled the new kingdom. The two separate kingdoms of Scotland and England had shared the same monarch since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I.
The Kingdom of Great Britain was superseded by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801 when the Kingdom of Ireland was absorbed with the enactment of the Act of Union 1800 following the suppression of the Irish Rebellion of 1798.

Contents

Political structure

Name

Monarchs

References

Political structure

The Kingdom of Great Britain was ruled by a single monarch, as had the island of Great Britain been since 1603, following the Union of the Crowns. (excepting the Interregnum and during the joint reign of William and Mary). However, from 1707 the monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain ruled by the power of a single unified Crown of Great Britain, rather than by the power of both crowns of the previously separate Kingdoms.^[1] The succession to the throne was determined by the English Act of Settlement, rather than the Scottish equivalent, the Act of Security. The adoption of the Act of Settlement required that the heir to the English throne be a Protestant descendant of Sophia of Hanover, effecting the future Hanoverian succession. The Act of Union 1707 extended this to the new unified Kingdom of Great Britain.^[2]
Legislative power was vested in the Parliament of Great Britain, which replaced the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland.^[3] As with the modern Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Parliament of Great Britain included three elements: the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Crown-in-Parliament. England and Scotland were given seats in both the House of Lords and the House of Commons of the new parliament. Although Scotland's representation in both houses was smaller than its population indicated it should have been, representation in parliament was at that time based not on population but on taxation, and Scotland was given a greater number of seats than its share of taxation warranted. Under the terms of the union, Scotland sent 16 representative peers to the Lords and elected 45 members to the Commons, with the rest being sent from England and Wales.^[4] This cooperation still forms the basis of British politics today.

Name

Often, the Kingdom of Great Britain is given the alternative name of the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain'', which is often shortened to ''United Kingdom''. There is substantial debate over whether the latter name is acceptable.^[5] The Acts of Union refer in name to the ''United Kingdom of Great Britain'' in several places; critics argue in rebuttal that the word "united" is only a descriptive word, and not part of the style, citing the Acts of Union themselves, which state that England and Scotland were "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain".^[6]
The name "United Kingdom" is sometimes preferred for purposes of continuity, particularly in the military and colonial spheres. At the time of the Act of Union 1800, which unambiguously styled the country as the "United Kingdom", the British were embroiled in the Great French War and the British Empire possessed many colonies in the Americas, India, and Australia. Some who would otherwise prefer the term "Kingdom of Great Britain" thus use "United Kingdom" to avoid using two different names for a single military and colonial power, which may confuse the discussion.
However "United Kingdom" seems to have come into popular use, and so at the time of the Act of Union with Ireland the name was officially adopted.

Monarchs

★ Anne (1707–1714), previously Queen of England, Queen of Scotland, and Queen of Ireland since 1702.

★ George I (1714–1727)

★ George II (1727–1760)

★ George III (1760–1801), continued as King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until 1820.

References

1. , Article 1.
2. Act of Union 1707, Article 2.
3. Act of Union 1707, Article 3.
4. Act of Union 1707, Article 22.
5. "Rough guide to British history". 29 April 2006. The Times. ''URL accessed 13 May 2006''.
6. Act of Union 1707, Article 1.

''Preceded by:'' Kingdom of England c 927–30 April1707 Kingdom of Scotland c 843–30 April1707

'Kingdom of Great Britain' 1 May 1707 – 31 December 1800

''Succeeded by:'' United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1 January 1801–5 December1922