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(Redirected from Krummholz formation)
A 'Krumholtz' or 'Krummholz formation' (from German: ''krumm'', "twisted"; and ''holz'', "wood") is a feature of subarctic and subalpine tree line landscapes, where continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds cause vegetation to become stunted and deformed. The wind kills branches on the windward side, giving the tree a characteristic flag-like appearance. Where the lower portion of the tree is protected by snow cover, only the exposed upper portion have this appearance.
Common trees showing Krumholtz formation include Subalpine Fir, Subalpine Larch, Engelmann Spruce, Limber Pine, and Lodgepole Pine.

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See also

★ Tree line

★ Tree island

External links

★ Krumholtz formation in subalpine landscape

★ Krumholtz formation in Hudson Bay subarctic landscape