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'Kumari Kandam' (குமரிக்கண்டம் ''Kumarikkaṇṭam'') is the name of a legendary sunken landmass said to have been located to the south of present-day Kanyakumari District at the southern tip of South India in the Indian Ocean.
Sangam literature describes an area of land known as Kumari Kandam, which lay to the south of Dravida country, which had been lost to the sea in two successive inundations Shilappadikaram Manimekhalai Kalittogai. The two inundations are said to mark the division between the three sangam periods. Geological features described in the literature include two main rivers of Kumari Kandam as the Pagruliyaru and the Kumari. It is also believed to have had numerous great cities with great monuments and the foremost among those cities were the two first and second cities of Madurai. Both the first and the second Tamil literary Sangam Eras, the 'Muthal Sangam' and the 'Idaii Sangam', were said to have been held in those two respective cities of Madurai. South Indian Traditions give the two Sangam periods antiquities ranging in tens of thousands of years with a timeline of about 10,000 B.C to the second. Both the Sangam Eras were supposed to have been terminated by deluges which submerged the continent. A supposed map is available which shows a large land mass in the Indian Ocean stretching from Madagascar and East Africa in the West to Southeast Asia and Malaysia in the East.
Adiyarkkunelar, described the distance between the Prahuli and Kumari rivers as 700 kavathams. This distance has been interpreted as about 7,000 modern miles (11,000 km).
In modern Dravidian ethnic nationalist literature, Kumari Kandam or "Lemuria" was the "cradle of civilization", the origin of human languages in general and the Tamil language in particular. These ideas gained notability in Tamil academic literature over the first decades of the 20th century, and were popularized by the Tanittamil Iyakkam, notably by self-taught Dravidologist Devaneya Pavanar, who held that all languages on earth were merely corrupted Tamil dialects.
R. Mathivanan, then Chief Editor of the Tamil Etymological Dictionary Project of the Government of Tamilnadu, in 1991 claimed to have deciphered the Indus script as Tamil, following the methodology recommended by his teacher Devaneya Pavanar, presenting the following timeline (cited after Mahadevan 2002):
:ca. 200,000 to 50,000 BC: evolution of "the Tamilian or ''Homo Dravida''",
:ca. 200,000 to 100,000 BC: beginnings of the Tamil language
:50,000 BC: Kumari Kandam civilisation
:20,000 BC: A lost Tamil culture of the Easter Island which had an advanced civilisation
:16,000 BC: Lemuria submerged
:6087 BC: Second Tamil Sangam established by a Pandya king
:3031 BC: A Chera prince in his wanderings in the Solomon Island saw wild sugarcane and started cultivation in Tamilnadu.
:1780 BC: The Third Tamil Sangam established by a Pandya king
:7th century BC: Tolkappiyam (the earliest extant Tamil grammar)
Mathivanan uses "Aryan Invasion" rhetoric to account for the fall of this civilization:
:"After imbibing the mania of the Aryan culture of destroying the enemy and their habitats, the Dravidians developed a new avenging and destructive war approach. This induced them to ruin the forts and cities of their own brethren out of enmity".
Mathivanan claims his interpretation of history is validated by the discovery of the "Jaffna seal", a seal bearing a Tamil-Brahmi inscription assigned by its excavators to the 3rd century BC (but claimed by Mathivanan to date to 1600 BC).
★ Iravatham Mahadevan, ''Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995-2000)'' EJVS (ISSN 1084-7561) vol. 8 (2002) issue 1 (March 8).[1]
★ Sumathi Ramaswamy, ''The Lost Land of Lemuria: Fabulous Geographies, Catastrophic Histories'' University of California Press (2004), ISBN 978-0520244405.
★ Cilappatikaram
★ Manimekalai
★ Map of Kumari Kandam as per folklore
★ An Atlantis in the Indian Ocean
★ Tamil Sangams
★ A short account on Tamil and (Tamil literary) history by C. V. Narasimhan
| Contents |
| The Legend in Sangam Literature |
| The Legend in Medieval Period |
| In Tamil national mysticism |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
The Legend in Sangam Literature
Sangam literature describes an area of land known as Kumari Kandam, which lay to the south of Dravida country, which had been lost to the sea in two successive inundations Shilappadikaram Manimekhalai Kalittogai. The two inundations are said to mark the division between the three sangam periods. Geological features described in the literature include two main rivers of Kumari Kandam as the Pagruliyaru and the Kumari. It is also believed to have had numerous great cities with great monuments and the foremost among those cities were the two first and second cities of Madurai. Both the first and the second Tamil literary Sangam Eras, the 'Muthal Sangam' and the 'Idaii Sangam', were said to have been held in those two respective cities of Madurai. South Indian Traditions give the two Sangam periods antiquities ranging in tens of thousands of years with a timeline of about 10,000 B.C to the second. Both the Sangam Eras were supposed to have been terminated by deluges which submerged the continent. A supposed map is available which shows a large land mass in the Indian Ocean stretching from Madagascar and East Africa in the West to Southeast Asia and Malaysia in the East.
The Legend in Medieval Period
Adiyarkkunelar, described the distance between the Prahuli and Kumari rivers as 700 kavathams. This distance has been interpreted as about 7,000 modern miles (11,000 km).
In Tamil national mysticism
"Lemuria" in Tamil nationalist mysticist literature, connecting Madagascar, South India and Australia (covering most of the Indian Ocean). Mount Meru stretches southwards from Sri Lanka. The distance from Madagascar to Australia is about 4,200 miles.
In modern Dravidian ethnic nationalist literature, Kumari Kandam or "Lemuria" was the "cradle of civilization", the origin of human languages in general and the Tamil language in particular. These ideas gained notability in Tamil academic literature over the first decades of the 20th century, and were popularized by the Tanittamil Iyakkam, notably by self-taught Dravidologist Devaneya Pavanar, who held that all languages on earth were merely corrupted Tamil dialects.
R. Mathivanan, then Chief Editor of the Tamil Etymological Dictionary Project of the Government of Tamilnadu, in 1991 claimed to have deciphered the Indus script as Tamil, following the methodology recommended by his teacher Devaneya Pavanar, presenting the following timeline (cited after Mahadevan 2002):
:ca. 200,000 to 50,000 BC: evolution of "the Tamilian or ''Homo Dravida''",
:ca. 200,000 to 100,000 BC: beginnings of the Tamil language
:50,000 BC: Kumari Kandam civilisation
:20,000 BC: A lost Tamil culture of the Easter Island which had an advanced civilisation
:16,000 BC: Lemuria submerged
:6087 BC: Second Tamil Sangam established by a Pandya king
:3031 BC: A Chera prince in his wanderings in the Solomon Island saw wild sugarcane and started cultivation in Tamilnadu.
:1780 BC: The Third Tamil Sangam established by a Pandya king
:7th century BC: Tolkappiyam (the earliest extant Tamil grammar)
Mathivanan uses "Aryan Invasion" rhetoric to account for the fall of this civilization:
:"After imbibing the mania of the Aryan culture of destroying the enemy and their habitats, the Dravidians developed a new avenging and destructive war approach. This induced them to ruin the forts and cities of their own brethren out of enmity".
Mathivanan claims his interpretation of history is validated by the discovery of the "Jaffna seal", a seal bearing a Tamil-Brahmi inscription assigned by its excavators to the 3rd century BC (but claimed by Mathivanan to date to 1600 BC).
References
★ Iravatham Mahadevan, ''Aryan or Dravidian or Neither? A Study of Recent Attempts to Decipher the Indus Script (1995-2000)'' EJVS (ISSN 1084-7561) vol. 8 (2002) issue 1 (March 8).[1]
★ Sumathi Ramaswamy, ''The Lost Land of Lemuria: Fabulous Geographies, Catastrophic Histories'' University of California Press (2004), ISBN 978-0520244405.
See also
★ Cilappatikaram
★ Manimekalai
External links
★ Map of Kumari Kandam as per folklore
★ An Atlantis in the Indian Ocean
★ Tamil Sangams
★ A short account on Tamil and (Tamil literary) history by C. V. Narasimhan
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