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EspañolLAND SPEED RECORD FOR RAILED VEHICLES
Determination of the 'fastest railed vehicle in the world' varies depending on the definition of "rail".
The French TGV (''Train à Grande Vitesse'') is the fastest conventional train in the world, using powered metal wheels riding on metal rails. In April 2007, the TGV broke its own 1990 record with a new speed of 574.8 km/h (357.18 mph) under test conditions with a shortened train (two power cars and three passenger cars).
The Japanese JR-Maglev is the fastest non-conventional train in the world, having achieved 581 km/h (361 mph) on a magnetic-levitation track. Unmanned rocket sleds that ride on rails have reached over 10,400 km/h (6,462 mph), equivalent to Mach 8.5. The fastest manned rail vehicle is a manned rocket sled, that travelled at 1017 km/h (635 mph).
__TOC__
Conventional wheeled
===Electric multiple units===
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 162.5 | Siemens & Halske Drehstrom | Electric (Locomotive or EMU?) | Between Marienfelde and Zossen, Germany () | 1901 | Drehstrom: Three-phase. Some sources say 160 or 162 km/h. See: [1]. |
| 203 | Siemens & Halske Drehstrom-Triebwagen | Electric multiple unit (EMU) | Between Marienfelde and Zossen, Germany () | 6 October 1903 | Drehstrom-Triebwagen: Three-phase-Multiple unit. Some sources say 7 October, others say 201 or 200.99 km/h and others say an improbable 213 km/h. See: , [2], [3]. |
| 206.7 | Siemens & Halske Drehstrom-Triebwagen | Electric multiple unit | Between Marienfelde and Zossen, Germany () | 23 October 1903 | Drehstrom-Triebwagen: Three-phase-Multiple unit. |
| 210.2 | AEG Drehstrom-Triebwagen | Electric multiple unit | Between Marienfelde and Zossen, Germany () | 28 October 1903 | Drehstrom-Triebwagen: Three-phase-Multiple unit. Many sources say 27 October. On 25 November 1903 a Siemens & Halske train attained 210 km/h. Absolute record. Broken by Schienenzeppelin in 1931. Record for electrical trains until 1954. See: , [4], [5]. |
| 256 (159) | 1000 Type Shinkansen | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 30 March 1963 | On Odawara test track, now part of Tōkaidō Shinkansen. |
| 286 (177.6) | 951 Type Shinkansen | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 24 February 1972 | On Sanyō Shinkansen. |
| 319 (198.1) | 961 Type Shinkansen | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 7 December 1979 | On Oyama test track, now part of Tōhoku Shinkansen. |
| 380 (236.12) | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Electric multiple unit | France | 26 February 1981 | On LGV Sud-Est. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 406.9 (252.83) | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Electric multiple unit | West Germany | 1 May 1988 | Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 408.4 | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 88 | Electric multiple unit | France | 12 December 1988 | On LGV Sud-Est. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 482.4 | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Electric multiple unit | France | 5 December 1989 | On LGV Atlantique. Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 515.3 (320.19) | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Electric multiple unit | France | 18 May 1990 | On LGV Atlantique. Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| '574.8 (357.18)' | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Electric multiple unit | France | 3 April 2007 | On LGV Est. Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
Electric locomotives
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 243 (150.99) | Alstom CC 7121 | Electric locomotive | France | 21 February 1954 | Between Dijon and Beaune. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 320.6 | Alstom CC 7107 | Electric locomotive | France | 28 March 1955 | On the Les Landes line between Bordeaux and Dax (Facture - Morcenx). Conventional wheeled absolute record. See: . |
| 331 | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Electric locomotive | France | 29 March 1955 | On the Les Landes line between Bordeaux and Dax (Facture - Morcenx). Conventional wheeled absolute record. Other sources say 330.9 km/h. See: , [6]. |
| '357 (221.82)' | Siemens Eurosprinter ES64U4 No. 1216 050-5 | Electric locomotive | Germany | 2 September 2006 | Record attained on Nuremberg-Munich high-speed rail line, locomotive owned by ÖBB. Series-produced locomotive. See: [7], [8]. |
===Third rail electric===
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| '174 (109)' | Class 442 (Wessex Electric) unit 2401 | Electric | United Kingdom | 11 April 1988 |
Gas turbine
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 275 (170.8) | UAC TurboTrain | Gas turbine-electric | United States | 20 December 1967 | |
| '318 (197.59)' | TGV 001 | Gas turbine-electric | France | 8 December 1972 |
Diesel
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 181 (112.5) | Pioneer Zephyr | Diesel | United States | 26 May 1934 | |
| 205.0 (127.4) | DRG SVT 137 "Bauart Leipzig" | Diesel | Germany | 17 February 1936 | First diesel train faster than 125 mph |
| 215.0 (133.6) | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Diesel | Germany | 23 June 1939 | |
| 230.4 (143.16) | Class 252 (HST prototype) | Diesel | United Kingdom | 12 June 1973 | |
| '238 (147.88)' | Class 43 (HST) | Diesel | United Kingdom | 1 November 1987 | Current diesel speed record listed in 2006 ''Guinness Book of Records'' |
| 271 (168.39) | TEP80 | Diesel | Russia | December 1992 | Claimed by Russian manufacturer |
| 256.38 (159.30) | Talgo XXI | Diesel | Spain | 12 June 2002 | Claimed by Spanish manufacturer |
Petrol
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| '230.2 (143.03)' | Schienenzeppelin | Propeller pushed railcar with a petrol aero engine | On the route Berlin - Hamburg between Karstädt and Dergenthin, Germany () | 21 June 1931 | Absolute record for more than twenty years. Engine by BMW. Other sources say between Ludwigslust und Wittenberge. |
Steam
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 (4.97) | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Steam | United Kingdom | 21 February 1804 | |
| 24 (15) | Locomotion No. 1 | Steam | United Kingdom | 1825 | |
| 48 (30) | Stephenson's Rocket | Steam | United Kingdom | 1830 | |
| 96.6 (60) | Boston and Maine Railroad ''Antelope'' | Steam | United States | 1848 | First authenticated 60 mph, 26 miles in 26 minutes. |
| 125.6 (78) | ''Great Britain'' | Steam | United Kingdom | 1850 | 80mph claimed |
| 131.6 (81.8) | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Steam | United Kingdom | June 1854 | |
| 131 (82) | ''Empire State Express'' No. 999 | Steam | United States | May 10 1893 | 112 mph (179 km/h) claimed, which would make it the first wheeled vehicle to exceed 100 mph.[1] |
| ''145 (90)'' | ''LNWR No. 790 Hardwicke'' | ''Steam'' | ''United Kingdom'' | ''22-23 August 1895'' | Maximum speed claimed, although average speed record was authenticated (see below). |
| ''164 (101.90)'' | ''GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro'' | ''Steam'' | ''United Kingdom'' | ''9 May 1904'' | Claimed to be the first steam locomotive to reach 100 mph. |
| ''185.07 (115.00)'' | ''Pennsylvania Railroad E6s #460'' | ''Steam'' | ''United States'' | ''11 June 1927'' | Claimed. E6s #7002 was clocked at Crestline, Ohio at 127.1 mph (204.55 km/h) in 1905. However PRR Steam Locomotives did not carry speedometers at that time, speed was calculated by measuring time between mile markers, so this is not recognized as a speed record. |
| 160 (100) | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Steam | United Kingdom | 30 November 1934 | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (160 km/h) by a steam locomotive.[2] |
| 168.5 (104.70) | LNER Class A3 No. 2750 ''Papyrus'' | Steam | United Kingdom | 5 March 1935 | First run at 100+ mph with complete, surviving documentation. |
| ''181.1 (112.53)'' | ''Milwaukee Road class A #2'' | ''Steam'' | ''United States'' | ''15 May 1935'' | Claimed |
| 180.3 (112) | LNER Class A4 2509 ''Silver Link'' | Steam | United Kingdom | 29 September 1935 | Authenticated. Some sources say 112.5 mph. |
| 200.4 (124.52) | Borsig DRG series 05 002 | Steam | Germany | 11 May 1936 | |
| '202.6 (125.88)' | LNER Class A4 No.4468 ''Mallard'' | Steam | United Kingdom | 3 July 1938 | Peak speed 202.6 km/h, mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h. Mallard suffered an overheated big end during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days.[3] |
Jet
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| '295.72 (183.68') | Budd Rail Diesel Car | Jet aero engines | United States | 23 July 1966 |
Rocket
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 280 | Opel RAK III | Rocket | Germany | 23 June 1928 | Unmanned. Some sources say 254 or 290 km/h. See: [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. |
===Narrow gauge===
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Gauge | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 129 | JNR C62 steam locomotive No. C62 17 | Steam locomotive | Japan | 19 December 1954 | On JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | |
| 145 (90.1) | Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 27 September 1957 | On JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | |
| 163 (101.2) | JNR 151 series | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 31 July 1959 | On JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | |
| 175 (108.7) | JNR KuMoYa93 test car | Electric multiple unit | Japan | 21 November 1960 | On JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | |
| '245 (152.2)' | Class 6E | Electric locomotive | South Africa | December 1978 |
Hovertrain
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | Aérotrain 01 | Hovercraft train, Propeller engine | , France | 21 February 1966 | |
| 200 | Aérotrain 01 | Hovercraft train, Propeller engine | Gometz-la-Ville, France | A few days after 21 February 1966 | |
| 303 | Aérotrain 01 | Hovercraft train, Jet aero engine | Gometz-la-Ville, France | 23 December 1966 | With the help of an auxiliary rocket. |
| 345 | Aérotrain 02 | Hovercraft train, Jet aero engine | Gometz-la-Ville, France | November 1967 | |
| 422 | Aérotrain 02 | Hovercraft train, Jet aero engine | Gometz-la-Ville, France | 22 January 1969 | With the help of an auxiliary rocket. |
| '430.4' | Aérotrain I-80 Haute Vitesse (HV) | Hovercraft train, Jet aero engine | Chevilly, Loiret, France | 5 March 1974 | Peak speed 430.4 km/h, average speed over two runs in opposite directions 417.6 km/h on a 3 km track. |
Maglev
Manned
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90 | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | Maglev | MBB's Ottobrunn factory (near Munich), West Germany | 6 May 1971 | 660 m test track; MBB: Messerschmidt-Bölkow-Blohm, Prinzipfahrzeug: Principle vehicle. |
| 164 (101.9) | Transrapid 02 | Maglev | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach, West Germany | October 1971 | 930 m test track which included one curve. |
| 250 | Transrapid 04 | Maglev | Munich - Allach, West Germany | end 1973 | |
| 253.2 (157.3) | Transrapid 04 | Maglev | West Germany | 21 November 1977 | |
| 302 | Transrapid 06 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | a few weeks after 30 June 1984 | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland: Transrapid Test Facility Emsland. |
| 355 | Transrapid 06 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | December 1985 | |
| 392 | Transrapid 06 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | 1987 | World record? Date needed. |
| 400.8 (248.9) | JR-Maglev MLU001 | Maglev | Miyazaki Maglev Test Track, Japan | February 1987 | |
| 406 (252) | Transrapid 06 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | 11 December 1987 | |
| 412.6 (256.37) | Transrapid 06 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | January 1988 | |
| 436 | Transrapid 07 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), West Germany | 15 December 1989 | |
| 450 (279.61) | Transrapid 07 | Maglev | Transrapid Versuchsanlage Emsland (TVE), Germany | 17 June 1993 | |
| 531 (329.94) | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | 12 December 1997 | Three-car train set. |
| 552 (342.99) | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | 14 April 1999 | Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated. |
| '581 (361.01)' | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | 2 December 2003 | Three-car train set. Absolute record (excepting rocket sleds). Guinness Book of Records authenticated. |
Unmanned - linear motor propulsion
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 230 / 160 ? | EET 01 | Maglev | Manching, Germany | 1974 | |
| 517 (321.24) | JR-Maglev ML-500 | Maglev | Miyazaki Maglev Test Track, Japan | 21 December 1979 | |
| 550 (341.75) | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | 24 December 1997 | Three-car train set. |
Unmanned - other propulsion
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 401.3 | Komet | Maglev | Manching, Germany | 1974 | By MBB. Propelled by six hot water rockets. |
Relative passing speed between two trains
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 777 | TGV | Electric | LGV Atlantique, France | December 1989 | conventional wheeled |
| 966 | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | December 1998 | |
| 1003 | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | November 1999 | |
| '1026 (637.52)' | JR-Maglev MLX01 | Maglev | Yamanashi Maglev Test Line, Japan | 16 November 2004 |
Unmodified (commercially operated)
Top speed
Conventional wheeled
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 380 (236.12) | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Electric multiple unit | France | 26 February 1981 | On LGV Sud-Est. Conventional wheeled absolute record. |
| 403.7 | Siemens Velaro E (AVE S-103) | Electric | Between Guadalajara and Calatayud, Spain | between 15 and 16 July 2006 | On the Madrid-Zaragoza AVE line. See: [14], [15]. |
Maglev
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 501 | Transrapid | Maglev | Shanghai Maglev Train, China | 12 November 2003 |
Relative passing speed between two trains
| km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| over 860 | Transrapid | Maglev | Shanghai Maglev Train, China | Scheduled every day | usually slows to 270 km/h when passing oncoming train |
Average speed over long distance
Demonstration or other special workings with record average speed over distances of more than 160km (100 miles).
| Average speed km/h (mph) | Top speed (km/h) | Distance | Time | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 112 (67.1) | 145 (90) claimed | 227km (141 miles) | 126 min | LNWR No. 790 ''Hardwicke'' | Steam | United Kingdom | Crewe | Carlisle | 22-23 August 1895 | Overnight train |
| 124 (77) | 181 (112.4) | 1,633 km (1,015 miles) | 785 min | Pioneer Zephyr | Diesel | United States | Denver | Chicago | 26 May 1934 | 1,015 miles non-stop in 13 hours 5 minutes. |
| 165 | 203 | 316 km | 115 min | ETR 200 | Electric | Italy | Florence | Milan | 20 July 1939 | 175.8 km/h mean speed between Lavino and Rogoredo (distance 199.147 km). |
| 306.4 (190.3) | 1,067.2 km | 3 h 29 min | TGV | Electric | France | Calais | Marseille | 26 May 2001 | 1,000 km record at 317.46 km/h in 3 h 9 min. |
Scheduled trains
Average speed (from station to station)
| Average speed km/h (mph) | Top speed km/h (mph) | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Distance | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115 (71.4) | 128.8 (80) | Cheltenham Spa Express | Steam | United Kingdom | Swindon | London | 124.45km (77.3 miles) | 1932 | 77.3 miles in 65 minutes. Claimed by the Great Western Railway at the time to be the world's fastest train. |
| 124 | 160 (99.4) | "Fliegender Hamburger" | Diesel-electric | Germany | Berlin | Hamburg | 286 km | 1933 | DMU, 98 passengers |
| 132.1 | 160 | Mistral | Electric | France | Paris | Dijon | 315 km | 1964 | |
| 162.8 | 210 | Hikari Shinkansen | Electric | Japan | Tokyo | Shin-Osaka | 515.0 km | 1965 | stopped at Nagoya and Kyoto |
| 163 | 200 | Etendard | Electric | France | St-Pierre-des-Corps | Poitiers | 100 km | 1973 | old line, locomotive hauled (CC6500) |
| 214 | 260 | TGV | Electric | France | Paris | Lyon-Brotteaux | 429 km | 1983 | |
| 261.8 | 300 | Nozomi Shinkansen | Electric | Japan | Hiroshima | Kokura | 192.0 km | 1997 | operated by 500 Series Shinkansen |
| 263.3 | 320 | TGV | Electric | France | Lyon-St Exupéry | Aix-en-Provence | 289.6 km | 2005 | |
| 279.3[4] | 320 | TGV | Electric | France | Lorraine TGV | Champagne TGV | 167.6 km | 2007 | on new LGV Est |
Top speed (first attained)
| Top speed (km/h) | Average speed (km/h) | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Distance | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 210 | 128.9 | Hikari Shinkansen | Electric | Japan | Tokyo | Shin-Osaka | 515 km | 1964 | Fastest conventional |
| 260 | - | TGV | Electric | France | Paris | Lyon-Brotteaux | 430 km | 1981 | Fastest conventional |
| 270 | - | TGV | Electric | France | Paris | Lyon-Brotteaux | 430 km | 1983 | Fastest conventional |
| 300 | - | TGV | Electric | France | Paris | Le Mans | 202 km | 1989 | Fastest conventional |
| 320 | - | TGV | Electric | France | Avignon-TGV | Aix-en-Provence-TGV | 74 km | 2005 | Fastest conventional |
| 431 | 245.5 | Shanghai Maglev Train | Maglev | China | Shanghai Pudong Airport | Shanghai Longyang Road | 30 km | 2003 | Fastest fully operating commercial |
Average speed (between terminating stations)
| Average speed (km/h) | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Distance | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 242.5 | Nozomi Shinkansen | Electric | Japan | Shin-Osaka | Hakata | 554 km | 1997 | |
| 245.5 | Shanghai Maglev Train | Maglev | China | Shanghai Pudong Airport | Shanghai Longyang Road | 30 km | 2003 |
Rocket sled
| Top speed (km/h) | Train | Type | Location | Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1017 | Rocket sled | Edwards Air Force Base (USA) | Manned by John Stapp. Fastest manned rocket-sled. Fastest manned rail vehicle. Fastest manned open-cockpit vehicle. [5] | ||
| 4972 | Rocket sled | New Mexico (USA) | 1959 | Umanned. It ran on SNORT (Supersonic Naval Ordnance Track). | |
| 9845 | Rocket sled | Holloman Air Force Base (USA) | October 1982 | Unmanned. It blasted a 25-pound payload to a speed of 6119 mph. | |
| '10430' | Rocket sled | Holloman Air Force Base (USA) | 30 April 2003 | Unmanned. It was the final stage of a four-stage sled train, which included the sled, a Super Roadrunner rocket motor, and a 192-pound payload on top. The sled train delivered payload into a target at a velocity of 9465 feet per second, or 6453 mph (2885 m/s), or Mach 8.5. |
References
1. http://www.kuhf.org/cdprojects/steam/track12.html
2. http://www.nrm.org.uk/flyingscotsman/index.asp
3. http://www.lner.info/locos/A/a4.shtml
4. http://www.railwaygazette.com/fileadmin/user_upload/railwaygazette.com/PDF/RailwayGazetteWorldSpeedSurvey2007.pdf
5. The Fastest Man on Earth
See also
★ Land speed record
External links
★ TGV 2007 record
★ TGV 2007 record - SNCF Press release, SNCF Press release 2
★ Alstom V 150, Alstom Press release
★ Reuters TGV record, Reuters TGV record video
★ Railway Speed Records
★ World Speed Records
★ byun byun Shinkansen
★ Fastest steam locomotive
★ RDECOM magazine 'Super Roadrunner' breaks land speed record
★ 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM (contains World Speed Record video)
★ World Speed Survey 1997
★ Retrouvez sur cette page les chiffres clés des records sur rail dans le monde
★ Railway developments worldwide
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