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'Landau' or 'Landau in der Pfalz' (pop. 41,821) is an autonomous (''kreisfrei'') city surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("southern wineroute") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, Europe's largest contiguous forest, direct on the German wine road.
Landau was first mentioned as a settlement in 1106. It was in the possession of the counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Landeck, whose arms, differenced by an escutcheon of the Imperial eagle, served as the arms of Landau (''illustration at right'') until 1955 [1]. The city was granted a charter in 1274 by Rudolf I von Habsburg, King of Germany, who declared the city an Imperial Free City in 1291; nevertheless the bishop of Speyer, a major landowner in the district, seized the city in 1324. The city did not regain its ancient rights until 1511, through the offices of Maximilian I.

An Augustinian monastery was founded in 1276.
Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the ''Décapole'', the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban, 1688–99, making the little city (population in 1789 was still only approximately 5,000) one of Europe's strongest citadels. After Napoleon's Hundred Days following his escape from Elba, Landau, which had remained French, was granted to Bavaria in 1816 and became the capital of one of the thirteen ''Bezirksämter'' (counties) of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz. Following World War II, Landau was an important barracks city for the French occupation.
Wine-making continues to be an important industry. Landau's giant main square (''Rathausplatz'') is dominated by the city hall (''Rathaus'') and the market hall (''Altes Kaufhaus''). The former fortifications gave way in the 19th-century to a ''Hauptring'' that encircles the old town centre, from which the old industrial buildings have been excluded. A convention hall, the ''Festhalle'', was built in Art Nouveau style, 1905–07 on a rise overlooking the city park and facing the modernist ''Bundesamt'', the regional government building.
The familiar luxury open carriage called the "landau" was indeed invented in the city.
Other city sights:

★ ''Deutsches Tor''

★ ''Galereenturm''

★ ''Französisches Tor''

★ ''Fort (Reste der Festungsanlage)''

★ ''Altes Kaufhaus''

★ ''Böckingsches Palais''

★ ''Jugendstil-Festhalle''

★ ''Frank-Loebsches Haus''

★ ''Ringstraßenarchitektur''

★ ''Villa Streccius''

★ ''Justizgebäude''

★ ''Stadtbibliothek''

★ ''Quartier Chopin''

★ ''Villa Ufer''

★ ''Schlößl''

★ ''Marienkirche''

★ ''Augustinerkirche mit Kreuzgang und Kreuzgarten''

★ ''Stiftskirche''

★ ''Katharinenkapelle''

★ ''Hafermagazin''

★ ''Museums''

★ ''Haus Mahla Archiv und Museum''

★ ''Strieffler-Haus''

★ ''Landauer Stadtarchiv''

★ ''Parks''

★ ''Goethepark''

★ ''Kreuzgarten''

★ ''Luitpoldpark''

★ ''Nordpark''

★ ''Ostpark''

★ ''Savoyenpark''

★ ''Schillerpark''

★ ''Schwanenweiher''

★ ''Südwestpark''

★ ''Regular Events''

★ ''Benefizkonzert Hans-Rosenthal-Stiftung''

★ ''Landauer Gespräche''

★ ''Fest des Federweißen''

★ ''Landauer Sommer''

★ ''Mai- und Herbstmarkt''

★ ''Thomas-Nast-Nikolausmarkt''

★ ''Landauer Weihnachtszirkus''

★ ''Goetheparkplaudereien''

★ ''Landauer Wirtschaftswoche''

★ ''ImWoBau - Immobilien, Wohnen, Bauen''

★ ''Wochenmarkt''

★ ''La.Meko Filmfestival (November)''

Contents

External links

External links

★ Official website

★ Private website about the American soldiers that lived in Landau

★ information about the Royal Bavarian Army in Landau until 1918 - So far only in German