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'Language documentation' is the process by which a language is documented from a documentary linguistics perspective. It aims to “to provide a comprehensive record of the linguistic practices characteristic of a given speech community” (Himmelmann 1998:166, see also Himmelmann 2006, Woodbury 2003). Language documentation seeks to create as thorough a record as possible of the speech community for both posterity and language revitalization.
Typical steps involve recording, annotation and analysis, translation into a language of wider communication, archiving and dissemination.
Language documentation differs from language description which aims to describe a language's abstract system of structures and rules in the form of a grammar or dictionary.
Language description, as a task within linguistics, may be divided into separate areas of specialization, including:
★ Phonetics, the study of the sounds of human language
★ Phonology, the study of the sound system of a language
★ Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words
★ Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences
★ Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences
★ Historical linguistics, the study of languages whose historical relations are recognizable through similarities in vocabulary, word formation, and syntax
★ Pragmatics, the study of how language is used by its speakers
★ Stylistics, the study of style in languages
★ Descriptive linguistics
★ Syntax
★ Orthography
★ Lexicography
★ Lexicology
★ Phonetics
★ Phonology
★ Pragmatics
★ Semantics
★ Etymology
★ Anthropological linguistics
★ Writing systems
★ International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a system used to write down and reproduce the sounds of human speech.
★ HRELP
★ DOBES
★ SIL International
Typical steps involve recording, annotation and analysis, translation into a language of wider communication, archiving and dissemination.
Language documentation differs from language description which aims to describe a language's abstract system of structures and rules in the form of a grammar or dictionary.
| Contents |
| Types of language description |
| Related research areas |
| Representation of speech |
| Organizations involved in language documentation |
Types of language description
Language description, as a task within linguistics, may be divided into separate areas of specialization, including:
★ Phonetics, the study of the sounds of human language
★ Phonology, the study of the sound system of a language
★ Morphology, the study of the internal structure of words
★ Syntax, the study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences
★ Semantics, the study of the meaning of words (lexical semantics), and how these combine to form the meanings of sentences
★ Historical linguistics, the study of languages whose historical relations are recognizable through similarities in vocabulary, word formation, and syntax
★ Pragmatics, the study of how language is used by its speakers
★ Stylistics, the study of style in languages
Related research areas
★ Descriptive linguistics
★ Syntax
★ Orthography
★ Lexicography
★ Lexicology
★ Phonetics
★ Phonology
★ Pragmatics
★ Semantics
★ Etymology
★ Anthropological linguistics
★ Writing systems
Representation of speech
★ International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a system used to write down and reproduce the sounds of human speech.
Organizations involved in language documentation
★ HRELP
★ DOBES
★ SIL International
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