LATA MANGESHKAR

'Lata Mangeshkar' (Marathi:लता मंगेशकर) (born September 28, 1929) is an Indian singer. Focusing mainly on Hindi and Marathi film music (playback singing), she has sung in over twenty major Indian languages.
Lata Mangeshkar is only the second Indian singer to have received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour,the other being M. S. Subbulakshmi. In fact, no other Indian singer of non-classical music has been awarded anything higher than the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third highest civilian honour as of April 2007.
Mangeshkar was featured in the Guinness Book of World Records from 1974 to 1991 for "most recordings" in the world. The claim was that she has reportedly recorded not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus-backed songs in 20 Indian languages between 1948 to 1974 (30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987, according to 1987 edition). However, reputed sources introduced concerns for its veracity, claiming that the number of songs was highly exaggerated, and Mangeshkar's sister, singer Asha Bhosle has recorded more songs than her.

Contents

Biography

Childhood

Early cinema career in 1940s

Rise as a notable playback singer in 1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s onwards

Non-singing career

Music direction

Acting

Production

Awards and recognitions

Notes

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Biography

Childhood

Lata Mangeshkar was born in a Maharashtrian family at Sikh Mohalla, Indore in Central India Agency now in Madhya Pradesh. Her father Pandit Dinanath Mangeshkar was a classical singer and theatre actor. Her mother Shudhhamati was Dinanath Mangeshkar's second wife. The family's original surname was Hardikar, but Pandit Dinanath later changed it to Mangeshkar to identify with his native village, Mangeshi in Goa. Lata was originally named "Hema", but was later renamed after Latika, a character in one of her father's plays, ''Bhaan Bandhan''.^[1] She was the firstborn child, to be followed by siblings Hridayanath, Asha, Usha and Meena.
Lata Mangeshkar's first music teacher was her father, Dinanath Mangeshkar. Raised in Maharashtra, she started working as an actress in her father's musical plays (''sangeet nataks'') at the age of five. Dinanath's recitals and lessons left a strong impression on his daughter, as did the songs of K.L. Saigal, who was her favorite singer and idol. Her formal education was limited to one day in the school. On the first day in the school, she started teaching songs to other children. When the teacher stopped her, she was so angry that she stopped going to the school.

Early cinema career in 1940s

In 1942, when she was just 13 years old, Lata Mangeshkar's father died of heart disease. She was taken care of by Vinayak Damodar Karnataki (better known as Master Vinayak), a close friend of the Mangeshkar family. Master Vinayak was the owner of Navyug Chitrapat film company, and the father of actress Nanda. He helped Lata Mangeshkar get started with her career, and was a godfather to the five Mangeshkar siblings.
To earn money, Lata Mangeshkar played cameo roles in many Hindi and Marathi films. Her first film as an actress was Navyug Chitrapat's Marathi movie, ''Pahili Mangalagaur'' (1942), in which Master Vinayak ensured a bit part for her. Her first film song was ''Naatli Chaitrachi Navalai'' from the same film, composed by Dada Chandekar. She had earlier recorded the song ''Naachu Ya Gade Khelu Saari Mani Haus Bhari'', composed by Sadashivrao Nevrekar, for the Marathi movie ''Kiti Hasaal'' (1942), produced by Vasant Joglekar. However, the song was dropped from the film. Her first Hindi song was ''Mata Ek Sapoot Ki Duniya Badal De Tu'' for a Marathi film ''Gajabhau'' (1943).
Lata Mangeshkar moved to Mumbai in 1945, when Master Vinayak's company shifted its headquarters to the city. She learnt Hindustani classical music under Ustad Amanat Ali Khan Bhendibazaarwale. Her first song in a Hindi film was ''Paa Lagoon Kar Jori'', composed by Datta Davjekar, for Vasant Joglekar's ''Aap Ki Seva Mein'' (released in 1946). She and her sister Asha played minor roles alongside Noor Jehan in Master Vinayak's first Hindi film, ''Badi Maa'' (1945). Lata also sang a bhajan, ''Maata Tere Charnon Mein'', which was picturized on Asha. She was introduced to major music director Vasant Desai during the recording of Master Vinayak's second Hindi film, ''Subhadra'' (1946). After Ustad Amanat Ali Khan migrated to Pakistan following the partition of India in 1947, she learnt classical music under Amanat Khan Devaswale. She was also trained by Pandit Tulsidas Sharma, a pupil of Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan.
After Master Vinayak's death in 1948, the music director Ghulam Haider mentored Lata Mangeshkar as a singer. At that time, the most popular female singers in Hindi film industury were the ones with heavier, and often nasal voices, such as Noor Jehan, Shamshad Begum and Zohrabai Ambalewali. Haider introduced Lata Mangeshkar to the producer Sashadhar Mukherjee, who was working on the movie ''Shaheed'' (1948). Mukherjee dismissed her voice as "too thin". Haider was annoyed and stated that in coming years, the producers and the directors will fall at Mangeshkar's feet, begging her to sing in their films. He gave Lata Mangeshkar her first major break with the song ''Dil Mera Toda'' in the film ''Majboor'' (1948).
Initially, Lata Mangeshkar tried to imitate Noor Jehan, the most popular singer of that time, but later, she developed her own unique style of singing. After a remark from Dilip Kumar about her Maharashtrian accent, Lata Mangeshkar took Urdu lessons from a maulvi called Shafi, as many of the Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) film songs were composed by Urdu poets in that period.^[2]
In late 1940s, several mainstream music directors started patrnoizing Lata Mangeshkar. Her first superhit song was ''Aayega Aanewaala'' from the movie ''Mahal'' (1949), composed by Khemchand Prakash and picturized on Madhubala. ''Mahal'' was a hit film, and a turning point for both Madhubala and Mangeshkar.

Rise as a notable playback singer in 1950s

In 1950s, Lata Mangeshkar recorded songs for all the major composers of the period, including Anil Biswas, Shankar-Jaikishan, Naushad, S D Burman, C. Ramchandra, Hemant Kumar, and Salil Chowdhury. One notable exception was O. P. Nayyar, who never recorded songs with Lata Mangeshkar, and patronized her younger sister Asha Bhosle instead.
Lata Mangeshkar sang many classical raga-based songs for Naushad, in films like ''Baiju Bawra'' (1952), ''Mughal-E-Azam'' and ''Kohinoor''. Her first song for Naushad was ''Ae Chorre Ki Jaat Badi Bewafa'', a duet G. M. Durrani. Shankar Jaikishan used Lata as their female singer in all the movies they scored, mainly for Raj Kapoor. These movies include ''Aag'', ''Aah'' (1953), ''Shree 420'' (1955), and ''Chori Chori'' (1956). Sachin Dev Burman Burman used Lata as his leading female singer for many films, including ''Sazaa'' (1951), ''House No. 44'' (1955), and ''Devdas'' (1955). However, the two had a major falling-out in 1957, and she refused to record for him again until 1962. During this time, Burman utilized Geeta Dutt and Asha Bhosle.
It was also during the 1950s that Lata formed her association with one of her favourite composers, Salil Chowdhury. She won her first Filmfare Best Female Playback Award, for the song ''Aaja Re Pardesi'' from ''Madhumati'' (1958), composed by Chowdhury.
Lata Mangeshkar also worked with many other notable composers including Hemant Kumar, Khayyam, Ravi, Sajjad Hussain, Roshan, Kalyanji-Anandji, C. Ramchandra, Vasant Desai, Sudhir Phadke, Hansraj Behl and Usha Khanna.

1960s

The 1960s saw Lata Mangeshkar become the undisputed number one female playabck singer in Hindi cinema. She recorded songs for nearly every major composer in the industry, many of which became all-time hits.
In 1960, her song ''Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya'' from ''Mughal-E-Azam'' (1960), composed by Naushad and picturized on Madhubala, became very popular. The Hawaiian-themed number ''Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh'' from ''Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai'' (1960), composed by Shankar-Jaikishan and picturized on Meena Kumari, also became a hit.
In 1961, Mangeshkar took the first step on the road to reconciliation with S D Burman, as she recorded a bhajan, "Allah Tero Naam", for Burman's assistant, Jaidev. In 1962, she bagged her second Filmfare Award for the song ''Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil'' from ''Bees Saal Baad'', composed by Hemant Kumar.
On June 27, 1963, Lata Mangeshkar sang the patriotic song ''Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon'' in presence of Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India. The song, composed by C. Ramchandra and written by Pradeep, brought tears to Nehru's eyes.
In 1963, Mangeshkar returned to collaboration with S.D. Burman, mainly as a result of a truce brokered by Burman's son and assistant (and her future brother-in-law) R. D. Burman. She recorded many hits for S. D. Burman, including ''Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai'' (duet with Kishore Kumar) and ''Piya tose'' from ''Guide'' (1965), and ''Hothon pe aisi baat'' from ''Jewel Thief'' (1967),
In 1960s, Lata Mangeshkar also gave many hits with one of her favorite composers, Madan Mohan. some of their notable songs included ''Aap Ki Nazron Ne Samjha'' from ''Anpadh'' (1962), ''Lag Ja Gale' and 'Naina Barse Rim Jim' from ''Woh Kaun Thi?'' (1964), and ''Tu Jahan Jahan Chalega'' from ''Mera Saaya'' (1966).
The 1960s also witnessed the beginning of Mangeshkar's association with Laxmikant-Pyarelal, the music directors for whom she sang the most songs in her career. She was responsible for advancing their music career, and recorded for them in their first film, ''Parasmani'' (1963).
She also sang many songs for Marathi films, composed by notable music directors of Marathi cinema such as Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Vasant Prabhu, Srinivas Khale, Sudhir Phadke and herself (under the name Anandghan). During the 1960s and 1970s, she also sang many hit Bengali songs, composed by music directors like Salil Chowdhury and Hemant Kumar.
Lata Mangeshkar recorded duets with all major male singers, including Mukesh, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi, and Kishore Kumar. From 1960s onwards, she was not on good terms with Mohammed Rafi, the leading male playback singer of that time, over royalty issues. Lata wanted Rafi to back her in demanding a half-share from the five percent song royalty that the film's producer conceded to select composers.^[3] But Rafi took a diametrically opposite view, and believed that a playback singer's claim on the filmmaker ended with the payment of agreed fee for the song. During the recording of the song ''Tasveer Teri Dil Mein'' (Maya, 1961), Lata lost her cool with Rafi in a certain passage of the song. Rafi felt belittled, as music director Salil Chowdhury sided with Lata.^[4] The situation worsened as Lata Mangeshkar declared that she would no longer sing with Rafi. Rafi stated that he was only so keen to sing with Lata as she was with him. Later, at the insistence of S.D.Burman, the two decided to make up and sing duets, but on a personal level, they were not on good terms.

1970s

In 1971, Meena Kumari's last film, ''Pakeezah'' was released. It featured the superhit songs ''Chalte Chalte'' and ''Inhi logon ne'' sung by Lata Mangeshkar, and composed by Ghulam Mohammed. She recorded many popular songs for S. D. Burman's last films, including ''Rangeela Re'' from ''Prem Pujari'' (1970), ''Khilte hain gul yahaan'' from ''Sharmeelee'' (1971), and ''Piya bina'' from ''Abhimaan'' (1973). Her songs from the film ''Chhoti Si Baat'' (1974), the title song and the song ''Na Jaane Kyon'', composed by Salil Chowdhury, also became very popular.
Lata Mangeshkar's most notable songs in 1970s were composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal (L-P) and Rahul Dev Burman. She recorded several songs composed by L-P in 1960s and 1970s, many of them written by the lyricst Anand Bakshi. She also recorded many hit songs with Rahul Dev Burman in the films ''Amar Prem'' (1971), ''Caravan'' (1971), ''Kati Patang'', and ''Aandhi'' (1975). The two are noted for their songs with the lyricists Majrooh Sultanpuri, Anand Bakshi and Gulzar.
In 1973, she won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song ''Beeti Na Bitai'' from the film ''Parichay'', composed by R. D. Burman, and written by Gulzar. In 1975, she again won the same award, this time for the song ''Roothe Roothe Piya'' from the film ''Kora Kagaz'', composed by Kalyanji-Anandji.
From 1970s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar has also staged many concerts in India and abroad, including several charity concerts. Her first concert overseas was at the Royal Albert Hall, London, in 1974.. She also released an album of Mirabai's bhajans, ''Chala Vaahi Des'', composed by her brother Hridayanath Mangeshkar. Some of the bhajans in the album include ''Saanware Rang Raachi'' and ''Ud Jaa Re Kaaga''.
In late 1970s and early 1980s, she worked with the children of composers she had earlier worked with. Some of these composers included Rahul Dev Burman (son of Sachin Dev Burman), Rajesh Roshan (son of Roshan), Anu Malik (son of Sardar Malik), and Anand-Milind (sons of Chitragupt).

1980s onwards

1980s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar got selective and cut down on her film singing. She recorded mainly for films by well-known banners, such as Yash Raj Films, and Rajshri Productions. She worked with many new music directors, including Ravindra Jain, Bappi Lahiri, Shiv-Hari, Ram Laxman, A. R. Rahman. She also recorded many non-film songs, including ghazals with Jagjit Singh. In 1981, she recorded her first duet with S P Balasubrahmanyam for the film ''Ek duje keliye''.
In 1990, she launched her own production house. Its first (and the only movie), ''Lekin'', turned out to be a flop. However, she won her third National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her song ''Yaara Sili Sili'' from the film. In 1999, ''Lata Eau De Parfum'', a perfume brand named after her, was launched.^[5]
In 1999, she was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha.^[6] However, she did not attend the Rajya Sabha sessions regularly, inviting criticism from several members of the House, including the Deputy Chairperson Najma Heptullah, Pranab Mukherjee and Shabana Azmi.^[7][8] She stated the reason for her absence as ill-health; it was also reported that she had not taken a salary, allowance or a house in Delhi for being an Member of Parliament.^[9]
In 2001, Lata Mangeshkar was awarded Bharat Ratna, Indian's highest civilian honor. In the same year, she established the Master Dinanath Mangeshkar Hospital in Pune, managed by the Lata Mangeshkar Medical Foundation (founded by the Mangeshkar family in October 1989). In 2005, she designed a jewellery collection called ''Swaranjali'', which was crafted by Adora, an Indian diamond export company. Five pieces from the collection raised £1,05,000 at a Christie's, and a part of the money was donated for the 2005 Pakistan earthquake relief.^[10] Also in 2001, she recorded her first Hindi song with the composer Ilaiyaraaja, for the film ''Lajja'' (2001); she had earlier recorded Tamil and Telugu songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja.
In 2000s, Lata Mangeshkar, along with other residents of the Peddar Road area in Mumbai, opposed the construction of a flyover in the area, creating a controversy. She believed that the construction of the flyover would increase the air and noise pollution, and threatened to quit to city if the flyover was built.^[11] In 2006, it was reported that she and her sister Asha Bhosle had purchased apartments in Parel and were planning to move out of Peddar Road.^[12]
Lata Mangeshkar's song ''Wada na Tod'' is also heard playing in the background of the film ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'' (2004) and can be found on th film's soundtrack.
On June 21, 2007, she released an albuum ''Saadgi'', featuring eight ghazal-like songs written by Javed Akhtar and composed by Mayuresh Pai.^[13]

Non-singing career

Music direction

Lata Mangeshkar composed music for the first time in 1955 for movie "Ram Ram Pavhane". Later in 1960s, she composed music for following Marathi movies under the pseudonym of "Anand Ghan".^[14]

★ 1963 - Maratha Tituka Melvava

★ 1963 - Mohityanchi Manjula

★ 1965 - Sadhi Manase

★ 1969 - Tambadi Mati
She won Maharashtra State Government's Best Music Director Award for the film ''Sadhi Manase''. The song ''Airanichya deva tula'' from the same film received best song award.

Acting

Lata Mangeshkar has acted in nine films:

★ 1942 - ''Pahili Mangalagaur'' (Marathi)

★ 1943 - ''Chimukla Sansaar'' (Marathi)

★ 1943 - ''Maajhe Baal'' (Marathi)

★ 1944 - ''Gajabhau'' (Marathi)

★ 1945 - ''Badi Maa'' (Hindi)

★ 1946 - ''Jeevan Yaatra''

★ 1946 - ''Subhadra''

★ 1948 - ''Mandir''

★ 1952 - ''Chattrapati Shivaji'' (Hindi-Marathi dual release), guest appearance in one song

★ 2000 - Pukar (guest appearance in song Ek Tu Hi Bharosa)

Production

Lata Mangeshkar has produced four films:

★ 1953 - ''Vaadal'' (Marathi)

★ 1953 - ''Jhaanjhar'' (Hindi), co-produced with C. Ramchandra

★ 1955 - ''Kanchan'' (Hindi)

★ 1990 - ''Lekin'' (Hindi)

Awards and recognitions

Main articles: Awards conferred on Lata Mangeshkar

Lata Mangeshkar has won several awards and honors, including Padma Bhushan (1969), Padma Vibhushan (1999), Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1989), Bharat Ratna (2001), three National Film Awards, and 12 Bengal Film Journalist's Association Awards. She has also won four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards. In 1969, she made the unusual gesture of giving up Filmfare Best Female Playback Award, in order to promote fresh talent. She was later awarded Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993.
In 1984, the State Government of Madhya Pradesh instituted the ''Lata Mangeshkar Award'' in honor of Lata Mangeshkar. The State Government of Maharashtra also instituted a Lata Mangeshkar Award in 1992.

Notes

★ In 1974, The Guinness Book of Records listed Lata Mangeshkar as the most recorded artist in the history, stating that she had reportedly recorded "not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus backed songs in 20 Indian languages" between 1948 and 1974. Her record was contested by Mohammed Rafi, who claimed to have sung around 28,000 songs.^[15][16] After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of Word Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings", but also stated Rafi's claim. The later editions of Guinness Book stated that Lata Mangeshkar had sung no fewer than 30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987. Her fans claim that she has recorded thousands of songs, with estimates ranging up to figures as large as 50,000.^[17][18] However, even the earliest Guinness claim of 25,000 songs (between 1948-1974) was shown to be exaggerated by the film journalists and critics. Lata Mangeshkar herself stated that she does not keep a record of the number of songs recorded by her, and that she did not know from where Guinness Book editors got their information from.^[19] According to available records, the number of songs sung by Lata Mangeshkar in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu films till 1991 was found to be 5250.^[20] The total number of film songs recorded in other languages, and the non-film songs was much lesser. The Guinness Book entry was removed in 1991 amid controversy.

See also

★ Playback singer

★ Asha Bhosle

★ List of Indian playback singers

★ Bollywood songs

References

1. Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema, , Lata, Khubchandani, Popular Prakashan, 2003,
2. Lata Mangeshkar: A Biography, , Raju, Bharatan, UBS Publishers Distributors, 1995,
3. How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 3 Raju Bharatan
4. How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 4 Raju Bharatan
5. A perfume called Lata Suparn Verma
6. Nominated Members of the Rajya Sabha
7. Unequal music Viral Bhayani
8. Straight Answers
9. Leave me alone, says Lata
10. Lata Mangeshkar's jewellery collection raises quake relief funds
11. Lata Mangeshkar threatens to quit Mumbai Lekha Agarwal
12. Lata, Asha may move home from Peddar Rd Nauzer Bharucha
13. Lata Mangeshkar launches new album 'Saadgi'
14. BFI, Lata Mangeshkar
15. How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 7 Raju Bharatan
16. How fair were they to Mohammed Rafi?: Page 6 Raju Bharatan
17. The nightingale of India turns 75
18. Melody Queen Lata rings in 75th birthday quietly
19. Punita Bhatt. ''A controversy in the making''. Filmfare magazine. June 1-15, 1987.
20. World music: The Rough Guide, , Simon, Broughton, Rough Guides, 2000,

Further reading

★ In search of Lata Mangeshkar, , Harish, Bhimani, Indus, 1995,

★ Lata Mangeshkar: A Biography, , Raju, Bharatan, UBS Publishers Distributors, 1995,

★ In search of Lata Mangeshkar, , Mangeshkar, Lata, Harper Collins/Indus, 1995, . A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952.

★ Lata Mangeshkar Gandhar Swaryatra (1945-1989), , Vishwas, Nerurkar, Vasanti P. Nerukar, , .

★ Gaaye Lata, Gaaye Lata, , Mandar V., Bichhu, Pallavi Prakashan, 1996, . A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952.

External links

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