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EspañolLEGIO XIIII GEMINA
(Redirected from Legio XIV Gemina)
'Legio XIIII ''Gemina Martia Victrix''' was a legion of the Roman Empire, levied by Octavian after 41 BC. The ''cognomen'' ''Gemina'' (''twin'' in Latin) suggests that the legion resulted from fusion of two previous ones, one of them possibly being the Fourteenth legion that fought in the Battle of Alesia. ''Martia Victrix'' (martial victory) were cognomens added by Nero following the victory over Boudica. The emblem of the legion was the Capricorn, as with many of the legions levied by Augustus.
Stationed in Moguntiacum, Germania Superior, since, 9, XIIII ''Gemina Martia Victrix'' was one of four legions used by Aulus Plautius and Claudius in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43, and took part in the defeat of Boudicca in 60 or 61. In 68 it was stationed in Gallia Narbonensis.
In 89 the governor of Germania Superior, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, rebelled against Domitian, with the support of the XIVth and of the XXI ''Rapax'', but the revolt was suppressed.
When the XXIst legion was lost, in 92, XIIII ''Gemina'' was sent in Pannonia to substitute it, camping in ''Vindobona'' (Vienna). After a war with the Sarmatians and Trajan Dacian Wars (101-106), the legion was moved to ''Carnuntum'', where it stayed for three centuries. Some subunits of Fourteenth fought in the wars against the Mauri, under Antoninus Pius, and the legion participated to the Parthian campaign of Emperor Lucius Verus. During his war against the Marcomanni, Emperor Marcus Aurelius based his headquarters in Carnuntum.
In 193, after the death of Pertinax, the commander of the Fourteenth, Septimius Severus, was acclaimed emperor by the Pannonian legions, and above all by his own. XIIII ''Gemina'' fought for its emperor in his march to Rome to attack usurper Didius Julianus (193), contributed to the defeat of the usurper Pescennius Niger (194), and probably fought in the Parthian campaign that ended with the sack of the capital of the empire, Ctesiphon (198).
In the turmoil following the defeat of Valerian, tXIIII ''Gemina'' supported usurper Regalianus against Emperor Gallienus (260), then Gallienus against Postumus of the Gallic empire (earning the title ''VI Pia VI Fidelis'' — "six times faithful, six times loyal"), and, after Gallienus death, Gallic Emperor Victorinus (269-271).
At the beginning of the 5th century, XIIII ''Gemina'' still stayed at Carnuntum. It probably dissolved with the collapse of the Danube frontier in 430s. The ''Notitia Dignitatum'' lists a ''Quartodecimani'' comitatensis unit under the ''Magister Militum per Thracias''; it is possible that this unit is XIV ''Gemina''.
★ List of Roman legions
★ Roman legion
★ livius.org account of XIV ''Gemina''
★ LEGIO XIV GEMINIA MARTIA VICTRIX, Wisconsin (USA) re-enactment society
★ LEGION XIIII, a British reenactment group
'Legio XIIII ''Gemina Martia Victrix''' was a legion of the Roman Empire, levied by Octavian after 41 BC. The ''cognomen'' ''Gemina'' (''twin'' in Latin) suggests that the legion resulted from fusion of two previous ones, one of them possibly being the Fourteenth legion that fought in the Battle of Alesia. ''Martia Victrix'' (martial victory) were cognomens added by Nero following the victory over Boudica. The emblem of the legion was the Capricorn, as with many of the legions levied by Augustus.
| Contents |
| Campaigns |
| Invasion of Britain |
| Rebellion on the Rhine |
| Pannonian defense |
| In support of Septimius Severus |
| In support of imperial candidates |
| 5th century |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
Campaigns
Invasion of Britain
Position of Roman legions in 80. XIIII ''Gemina'' was in Moguntiacum (Mainz, mark 7).
Stationed in Moguntiacum, Germania Superior, since, 9, XIIII ''Gemina Martia Victrix'' was one of four legions used by Aulus Plautius and Claudius in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43, and took part in the defeat of Boudicca in 60 or 61. In 68 it was stationed in Gallia Narbonensis.
Rebellion on the Rhine
In 89 the governor of Germania Superior, Lucius Antonius Saturninus, rebelled against Domitian, with the support of the XIVth and of the XXI ''Rapax'', but the revolt was suppressed.
Pannonian defense
When the XXIst legion was lost, in 92, XIIII ''Gemina'' was sent in Pannonia to substitute it, camping in ''Vindobona'' (Vienna). After a war with the Sarmatians and Trajan Dacian Wars (101-106), the legion was moved to ''Carnuntum'', where it stayed for three centuries. Some subunits of Fourteenth fought in the wars against the Mauri, under Antoninus Pius, and the legion participated to the Parthian campaign of Emperor Lucius Verus. During his war against the Marcomanni, Emperor Marcus Aurelius based his headquarters in Carnuntum.
In support of Septimius Severus
In 193, after the death of Pertinax, the commander of the Fourteenth, Septimius Severus, was acclaimed emperor by the Pannonian legions, and above all by his own. XIIII ''Gemina'' fought for its emperor in his march to Rome to attack usurper Didius Julianus (193), contributed to the defeat of the usurper Pescennius Niger (194), and probably fought in the Parthian campaign that ended with the sack of the capital of the empire, Ctesiphon (198).
In support of imperial candidates
In the turmoil following the defeat of Valerian, tXIIII ''Gemina'' supported usurper Regalianus against Emperor Gallienus (260), then Gallienus against Postumus of the Gallic empire (earning the title ''VI Pia VI Fidelis'' — "six times faithful, six times loyal"), and, after Gallienus death, Gallic Emperor Victorinus (269-271).
Shield design of the ''Quartodecimani'', a comitatensis legion under the ''Magister Militum per Thracias'', 5th century, according to ''Notitia Dignitatum''.
5th century
At the beginning of the 5th century, XIIII ''Gemina'' still stayed at Carnuntum. It probably dissolved with the collapse of the Danube frontier in 430s. The ''Notitia Dignitatum'' lists a ''Quartodecimani'' comitatensis unit under the ''Magister Militum per Thracias''; it is possible that this unit is XIV ''Gemina''.
See also
★ List of Roman legions
★ Roman legion
References
★ livius.org account of XIV ''Gemina''
External links
★ LEGIO XIV GEMINIA MARTIA VICTRIX, Wisconsin (USA) re-enactment society
★ LEGION XIIII, a British reenactment group
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