 | MAYWEATHER knocks out Ricky Hatton :: de la Hoya Bare Knuckles: Boxing, Blacks and Beyond (Part One) by DC Livers for Black Press Magazine When welterweight champion Floyd G. Mayweather, Jr. entered the ring during Saturday's historic fight, he had more than his fans behind him. Mayweather's epic fight against undefeated British champion was as much about race as it was about history. "I've always wanted to fight in the UK," Mayweather confessed. "When I wasn't able to fight in the UK we brought the best of the UK here to fight me. That's Ricky Hatton," said Mayweather. The Mayweather/Hatton bout was so intensely debated that it split White Americans down the middle, many of whom were cheering for the British fighter to walk away with the world title. A video posted on the Black Press Channel of YouTube was evidence of the intense racial tension surrounding the fight. "Come on Ricky the whole of England and half of the USA R behind you son," wrote ASW1988. But not all Whites were cheering for Hatton. "I'm British and I'd rather Mayweather wins [because] all the f*%$king hype around Hatton pisses me off," wrote viewer "Moshlord." Some wonder why fighting a British fighter was so important to Mayweather. It could have something to do with the not so pleasant racial history of the sport. Boxing was created by the Greeks in the 18th century before becoming popular in England. The British brought boxing to America when the early colonies were established. Black slaves were forced to compete against each other for their slavemaster's enjoyment. Jack Broughton, a British fighter developed the rules in 1743. Bill Richmond who was born in New York in 1763 became the first African American boxing champion. Richmond, who was a servant to a British lord and general, won his title in England. Then there's Tom Molineaux, a respected and feared fighter who was a former slave from Virginia. He arrived in Britain standing five foot nine inches tall, weighing about 200 pounds and began fighting in 1810. It is said that some 25,000 people witnessed Molineaux beat Tom Cribb in a rematch in 1811. In 1838, the London Prize Ring Rules revised the rules that were developed by Broughton which prohibited the boxers from kicking, gouging or biting. The Queensbury Rules was slow to catch on and a bareknuckled championship was won by boxer John L. Sullivan in 1889 in America. The fight caused such controvesy that a color ban was insituted and Sullivan refused to fight Black boxer Peter Jackson who won the Austrialian heavyweight championship in 1886. Jackson later died at age 40 from TB. In the 1920s, some states legalized boxing and the Gloden Gloves gave many young Black boxers a ticket out of poverty. Some of them included Joe Louis, who was born in Alabama but later moved to Detroit, MI. He fought Max Schmeling in 1936 - about the time that Hitler's gentification message was being distributed. Louis lost to Schmeling but later avenged himself in 1938. He held the title for the next 25 fights and grossed over $4 million. Unfortunately, he later succumbed to bankruptcy after being dogged by tax debts. From 1935-1939, John Henry Lewis, the great-great grandson of Molineaux held the heavyweight title. In 1949, International Boxing Club (IBC) was founded and gave birth to lightweight champion Joe Brown who defended his belt 11 times from 1956-1961. Walker "Sugar Ray Robinson" Smith, Jr. won the Golden Gloves in 1939 and had about 200 fights in his 25 year career as a welterweight. In 1964, Charles "Sonny" Liston fell hard to a young boxer named Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., who later converted to Islam and took the name Muhammad Ali. At the height of race relations, Ali was suspended from boxing after he refused to fight in the war. But the Supreme Court later reversed the decision. Ali fell to Joe Fraizer in 1971 but regained his title later that year against George Foreman. Ali lost the title to Leon Spinks in 1978 but regained it that same year to become the heavyweight champion. Larry Holmes owned the 1980s but lost to Sugar Ray Leonard under the World Boxing Council (WBC) in 1979. Leonard lost to Roberto Duran. So as Mayweather clasp his right glove over his heart, looked to the heaven and gave praise immediately following December 8's knock out of British boxer Ricky Hatton, it was evident that he understood the victory that he scored for himself. But mostly importantly, it was clear that Floyd Mayweather, Jr. understood the magnitude of his historic victory for African descendents everywhere. To hear the exclusive interview with Floyd Mayweather, visit http://www.youtube.com/blackpress Copyright 2007. D. Livers All Rights Reserved. Further reading: Bareknuckles: Social History of Prizefighting by Dennis Brailsford Beyond the Ring: The Role of Boxing in America by Jeffrey Sammons |
 | Michio Kaku Pd.D - Original air date: Dec. 1991 Dr. Michio Kaku (b. January 24, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist specializing in string field theory, and a futurist. He is a popularizer of science, host of two radio programs, and a best-selling author.....Kaku was born in San Jose, California to Japanese immigrant parents, and attended and played first board on the chess team of Cubberly High School in Palo Alto in the early 1960s. At the National Science Fair in Albuquerque, N.M., he attracted the attention of physicist Edward Teller, who took Kaku as a protégé, awarding him the Hertz Engineering Scholarship. Kaku received a B.S. degree summa cum laude from Harvard University in 1968 where he placed first in his physics class. He went on to attend the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley and received a Ph.D. degree in 1972, and held a lectureship at Princeton University in 1973. During the Vietnam War, Kaku completed his US Army basic training at Fort Benning, Georgia and his advanced infantry training at Fort Lewis, Washington. However, the Vietnam War ended before he could be deployed as an infantryman....Kaku currently holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics and holds a joint appointment at City College of New York, and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, where he has taught for more than 25 years. Presently, he is engaged defining the "Theory of Everything", which seeks to unify the four fundamental forces of the universe: the strong force, the weak force, gravity and electromagnetism. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, and New York University. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is listed in Who's Who in America, Who's Who in the World, Who's Who in Science and Engineering, and American Men and Women of Science......Kaku has publicly stated his concerns over issues including the human cause of global warming, nuclear armament, nuclear power, and the general misuse of science.[2] He was critical of the Cassini-Huygens space probe because of the 72 pounds of plutonium contained in the craft for use by its radioisotope thermoelectric generator. Alerting the public to the possibility of casualties if its fuel were dispersed into the environment during a malfunction and crash as the probe was making a 'sling-shot' maneuver around earth; he was critical of NASA's risk assessment. [3] (Ultimately, the probe was launched and successfully completed its mission. Kaku is generally a vigorous supporter of the exploration of outer space, believing that the ultimate destiny of the human race may lie in the stars, but is critical of some of the cost-ineffective missions and methods of NASA.),,,,Dr. Kaku credits his anti-nuclear war position to programs he heard on the Pacifica radio network, during his student years in California. It was during this period that he made the decision to turn away from a career developing the next generation of nuclear weapons in association with Dr. Teller and focused on research, teaching, writing and media. Dr. Kaku joined with others such as Dr. Helen Caldicott, Jonathan Schell, Peace Action and was instrumental in building a global anti-nuclear weapons movement that arose in the 1980s, during the administration of US President Ronald Reagan....Dr. Kaku was a board member of Peace Action and on the board of radio station WBAI-FM in New York City where he originated his long running program, Explorations, that focused on the issues of science, war, peace and the environment. |
 | Samuel Peter vs. Vitali Klitschko - Free Livestream http://www.livestream.us.tt watch the fight live and for free at Saturday, October 11, 2008 _____________________________ Yes, Vitali Wladimirovich Klitschko, 35-2 has a remarkable KO percentage of 91.89 and yes, he is bigger than the very big Sam Peter, 30-1, but this is all about inactivity and Dr. Ironfists will walk into the ring on October 11 in Berlin, Germany with plenty of inactivity. Klitschkos last fight was against an overweight Danny Williams in December, 2004. Prior to that, he looked formidable in stopping brave Corrie Sanders and an out-of shape and grossly fat Kirk Johnson. These fights were, of course, after he lost to Lennox Lewis in 2003. However, against Larry Donald (2002), Vaughn Bean (2002) and Ross Puritty (2001), he was taken into the late rounds (10, 11 and 11) before he prevailed by stoppage. Donald, Bean and Puritty were not exactly top tier opponents. Meanwhile, the Nigerian Nightmare has been in the ring fifteen times since January 22, 2004 going 14-1 with 106 rounds under his ample belt. On March 3, 2008, he stopped the very stoppable Oleg Maskaev in Cancun.. After an interesting six rounds in which Samuel demonstrated focus and resolve, things exploded in the sixth and Peter ended matters decisively with a number of concussive shots to The Big Os head driving him into a corner and forcing a halt to matters at the 2.56 mark. Previously he beat Jameel McCline in a less than impressive manner, but went 24 rounds with James Toney. The plain fact is, Sam Peter has been an active fighter and has fought a better level of opposition. While many comment on how large Peter is, he has never had a stamina issue and actually fought James Toney at 257 pounds. More tellingly, he went up against McCline at 250 and still came back in the late rounds and pulled out a fight that he almost lost by stoppage. In so doing, he showed great heart and courage, managing to throw punches with bad intention right up to the bell. He also showed some ring canniness, something for which he is seldom given credit. Ring Rust I cant define it precisely but I know it when I see it. Sugar Ray Leonard was a poster child for it when he fought Hector Camacho back in the day. Razor Ruddock had it when he fought Greg page in 1992. Richie Woodhall had it when he fought tough German Marcus Beyer in 1999. Donny LaLonde had it when he came back against Virgil Hill. I recognized it in those fight and in many others. Greg Haugen demonstrated it when he beat one Jesus Mayorga in 1997 and God knows Ray Mancini had it when Haugen savaged him in 1992. What I saw in these fights was a lack of stamina, diminished reflexes, an inability to put punches together, a propensity to clinch, and an inability to fight in the center of the ring. On the flip side, Henry Maske certainly did not have it when he beat Virgil Hill last year, a remarkable feat indeed. And Roy Jones showed in his win against Prince Badi Ajamu that not everyone suffers from this thing called ring rust. Perhaps the best example was when Carlos Palomino came back after an 18 year absence and won five fights in a row by stoppage including a remarkable one round KO over bomber Rene Arredondo. There are many other examples. Outcome When I ponder the above and put the facts and numbers together, the inescapable conclusion, albeit an unpopular one is that an active power puncher/boxer should l prevail over an inactive power puncher. I see a mid to late round stoppage as the injury prone Dr. Ironfists gets discouraged by his inability to take out the large Nigerian. Danny Williams was knocked down four times by Vitali before that fight was stopped, but that was then and this is now. An inactive Klitschko will not be able to do that to the more active and deceptively skilled Samuel Peter. In the end, I see this fight shaping up as a Ukrainian nightmare for a fighter who last fought in 2004. |
 | Lec 8 | MIT 3.091 Introduction to Solid State Chemistry Born-Haber Cycle Octet Stability by Electron Sharing: Covalent Bonding Lewis Structures Hybridization View the complete course at: http://ocw.mit.edu/3-091F04 License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu |
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![Don\](images/articles/thumbs/beachrainthumb.jpg "Don\")
