LIST OF APPLE CULTIVARS

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Over 7,500 cultivars of the apple are known. The following is a list of the more common and important cultivars, with the year and place of origin (where documented), and whether each produces cooking apples or dessert apples.
Two of the most comprehensive publications on apple cultivars are:

★ The New Book Of Apples (ISBN 0091883989) By Dr Joan Morgan of The National Fruit Collection and Alison Richards.

★ Directory of Apple Cultivars (ISBN 1874275408) by Martin Crawford of The Agroforestry Research Trust
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Contents

Eating apples

Cider apples

Rootstock cultivars

External Links to cultivar listings

Eating apples

Common name	Origin	First developed	Comment	Use
Akane	Japan	1970		Dessert
Ambrosia		Early 1980's
Anna	Israel			Dessert
Antonovka	Russia			Cooking
Arkansas Black	Arkansas	c. 1870
Ashmead's Kernel	England		small, very sweet and very tart	Dessert
Bailey	New York	c. 1840
Baldwin	Massachusetts	c. 1740
Beacon				Dessert
Beauty of Bath	England	c. 1864	Deep red flush and streaks of red with a little russet. Early maturing but short season. Poor flavour so now rare.	Dessert
Ben Davis	Southeastern United States		noted for keeping well prior to refrigerated storage, but with a flavor compared to cork	Dessert
Belle de Boskoop	Boskoop, Netherlands	c.1856	bright red, fairly large, early in season (end of august-early september)	cooking (traditionally: apple sauce)
Beverly Hills				Dessert
Blenheim Orange	England	c. 1740		Cooking
Braeburn	New Zealand	1950s, United States		Dessert
Bramley	Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England	about 1809		Cooking
Bramley's Seedling	Nottinghamshire, England	c.1809		Cooking
Cameo	Washington	1980s
Carroll				Dessert
Caville Blanc	France	1500s		Cooking
Cortland	New York	late 1890s		Dessert
Cornish Gilliflower	Cornwall	1813		Dessert
Cox's Orange Pippin	Great Britain, New Zealand	c. 1829		Dessert
Cripps Pink' ('Pink Lady')	Australia	early 1970s, western United States
Crispin	Japan	1930	See Mutsu	Dessert
Criterion
Discovery	Essex, England		Possibly from an open pollinated Worcester Pearmain.	Dessert
Dorsett				Dessert
Duchess of Oldenburg	Russia	1700
Early Victoria	Essex, England	1899 (Introduced)	Possibly from Lord Grosvenor x Keswick Cod	Dessert
Edward VII		1908 (Introduced)	Possibly Blenheim Orange x Golden Nobel	Cooking
Egremont Russet	Sussex, Britain	1872		Dessert
Eia Shewer				Dessert
Ellison's Orange	Lincolnshire, England	1911	Cox's Orange Pippin x Calville Blanch	Dessert
Elstar	Netherlands	1950s		Dessert
Emmeth Early				Cooking
Empire	New York	1966
Enterprise
Epicure	United Kingdom			Dessert
Fiesta				Dessert
Fireside				Dessert
Flower of Kent	Kent, England	1700s		Dessert
Fortune		1904	Cox's Orange Pippin x Wealthy	Dessert
Fuji	Japan	1930s, Asia, Australia		Dessert
Gala	New Zealand	1970s, United States		Dessert
George Cave	Essex, England	1923		Dessert
George Neal				Cooking
Ginger Gold	Virginia	late 1960s	tangy flavor, crunchy texture. Noted for being one of earliest varieties in North America to bear fruit (August.)	Dessert and cooking.
Golden Delicious	Clay County, West Virginia [1]	1914		Dessert
Golden Noble	England	1820		Cooking
Golden Russet		before 1845	very sweet russet	Dessert and cider
Granny Smith	Australia	1868, Australia	This is the apple once used to represent Apple Records. Also noted as common pie apple.	Dessert or cooking
Gravenstein	Schleswig-Holstein, Germany	early 1600s		Cooking
Grenadier	England	before 1862		Cooking
Haralson	Minnesota	1923
Hawaii				Dessert
Heyer 12			Very cold-tolerant	Dessert
Honeycrisp	Minnesota	1960
Honeygold	Minnesota	1969		Dessert
Howgate Wonder		1960		Cooking
Idared	Idaho	1942
Irish Peach	Killkenny, Ireland	1800		Dessert and baking
James Grieve	Edinburgh, Scotland	1893		Dessert or cooking
Jonagold	New York	1968, elsewhere in United States	A very large apple, good when fried in a pan with butter and cinnamon	Dessert
Jonathan	New York	1920s, elsewhere in United States	tart	Dessert and cooking (pie)
Kidd's Orange Red	New Zealand		Cox's Orange Pippin x Delicious	Dessert
Katy	Sweden	1947	Medium sized early eating apple with red skin and pale cream flesh. Well suited to Northern European climate.	Dessert
Karmijn de Sonnaville	Wageningen, Netherlands	1949	Yellow groundcolour when ripe, with red flush, and russet depending on the season. Large apple, though shape can be irregular.	Dessert and apple juice
Knobbed Russet	Sussex, England	1819	Green and yellow, with rough and black russet. Unusually irregular, warty and knobbly surface.	Dessert and cider
Lane's Prince Albert				Cooking
Laxton's Superb	England	1897	Wyken Pippin X Cox;s Orange Pippin	Dessert
Lodi	Ohio	1911		Dessert
Liberty	New York	1978		Eating
Lord Derby	England	c. 1850		Cooking
Lord Lambourne	England	1921 (Introduced);	James Grieve x Worcester Pearmain	Dessert
Macoun	Canada	1923	cold-tolerant	Dessert
Mantet				Dessert
McIntosh	Canada	1811	small, cold-tolerant; often found in children's lunchboxes all over North America	Dessert
Melrose				Dessert
Merton Worcester	John Innes Institute, England		Cox's Orange Pippin x Worcester Pearmain,	Dessert
Miller's Seedling	Newbury, Berkshire, England	1848		Dessert
Mollie's Delicious				Dessert
Muscadet de Dieppe	Normandy, France	c. 1750	Commonly used in making Calvados liquor
Mutsu	Aomori Apple Experiment Station in Japan from Golden Delicious x Indo	1930	Known as Crispin in UK	Dessert
Newtown Pippin	New York	1759, Oregon	among oldest known cultivars in North America. Known favorite of Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Also sometimes called Albemarle Pippin.	Dessert or cooking.
Newton Wonder				Cooking
Northern Spy	New York	c. 1800	tart, firm, stores very well	Cider, eating, cooking (esp. pies)
Orleans Reinette	France	c.1776		Dessert
Ozark Gold				Dessert
Pacific Rose	New Zealand	c.1995	Extremely crisp, sweet, apple	Eating
Peasgood's Nonsuch	England	1858		Cooking
Pixie				Dessert
Pink Pearl	California	1944		Dessert
Pinova	Germany	1986
Pound Sweet				Cooking
Red Astrachan				Cooking
Red Delicious	Iowa	1870s, elsewhere in United States and worldwide	Sometimes referred to as Starking Delicious or variation. Unmistakeable for bright red color.	Dessert
Rev. W. Wilks				Cooking
Ribston Pippin	Yorkshire, Great Britain	1707		Dessert
Rome Beauty	Ohio	early 1800s
Royal Gala	New Zealand	c.1960
Sonya	New Zealand		Cross between a Red Delicious and Gala	Dessert
Spartan	British Columbia	1926		Dessert
Spitzenberg	Esopus, New York			Dessert and cooking
Stark Earliest	USA	1938		Dessert
St Edmund's Pippin		c. 1870		Dessert
Sunset				Dessert
Sweet Sixteen	Minnesota	1973		Dessert
Tolman Sweet	United States	1822		Cooking and cider
Tydeman's Earlyworcester	England	1929	Mclntosli x Worcester Pearmain	Dessert
Tydeman's Late Orange	England	1930		Dessert
Warner's King				Cooking
Wealthy	Minnesota	1860		Dessert
Winesap	United States	1817		Dessert and cider
Worcester Pearmain	Worcestershire, England	1873		Dessert

Cider apples

Cider apples may be too sour or bitter for fresh eating, but are used for making cider. Some apples are used both for cider and eating.

Common name	Origin	First developed
Dymock Red
Kingston Black
Roxbury Russet	Massachusetts	c. 1640s
Stoke Red

Rootstock cultivars

Selection of rootstock cultivars can be difficult: vigorous roots tend to give trees that, while healthy, grow too tall to be harvested easily without careful pruning, while dwarfing rootstocks result in small trees easy to harvest from, but often shorter-lived and sometimes less healthy. Most modern commercial orchards use one of the "Malling series" (aka 'M' series), introduced or developed by the East Malling Research Station from the early 20th century onward. However, a great deal of work has been done recently introducing new rootstocks in Poland, the US (Geneva), and other nations. The Polish rootstocks are often used where cold hardiness in needed. The Geneva series of rootstocks has been developed to resist important diseases such as fireblight and collar rot, as well as for high fruit productivity.

External Links to cultivar listings

Some of these links are to commercial sites, but contain useful information on various apple cultivars. Eventually the (non-copyrighted) information from these links should be merged onto the chart here.

★ Info on over 25 apple varieties.

★ Over 700 apple variety listings from AllAboutApples.com.

★ Another extensive list of apple varieties at Apple Journal with 12 pages of apples.

★ Apple flavours and descriptions from OrangePippin.com