العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolLIST OF HUAORANI PEOPLE
This list contains members of the Huaorani tribe of Ecuador who are known for their connection with events surrounding Operation Auca.
:''Note that many of the names have alternate spellings. This is because the Huaorani language contains phonemes that were unkown to those who first studied the language. The Huaorani did not have a writing system until after outside contact.''
:''Also note that many dates are unknown since the Huaorani did not mark time for many years. Most dates are estimated by approximate ages during certain events, and a generation gap of approximately 20 years. Only verifiable dates are linked.''
★ 'Awañetae' (ca. 1915 – ca. 1955) was Gabo and Ompodae's father. He was killed by Dabo while sleeping in his hammock.
★ 'Caento' ('Tyaento'; ca. 1915 – ca. 1947) was Dayuma's father. He was mortally speared in the knee by Moipa, crippling him at first. His death led to Dayuma's flight from her home.
★ 'Dabo' (born ca. 1935) is the killer of Awañetae. He also tried to kill Awañetae's son, Gabo, with a machete. Later in life, Dabo gave up his life of killing, making the observation that the tribe would have killed each other off had they not stopped spearing each other. His wife's name was Weba.
★ 'Dyuwi Tani' (born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach. A few months after the massacre, he and Nimonga also speared Nenkiwi. He had been promised Gimade to marry, and his animosity was directed against Nenkiwi as he had taken Gimade instead. Dyuwi later became a Christian and an elder in the Huaorani church. He and Kimo baptized Kathy and Steve Saint in 1970. He has a reputation as a quiet person.
★ 'Enkedi' (ca. 1915 – ca. 1950) was the father of Mincaye. He participated in an attack on the village of Arajuno and killed several Quichua Indians. When the Arajunos fought back, those who attacked with Enkedi fled, but he stayed to fight them and was killed.
★ 'Itaeca' ('Itaeka' born ca. 1925) is Moipa's brother. He speared Kimo's mother and also speared Moipa.
★ 'Gabo' (ca. 1935 – ca. 1955) was Ompodae's brother. He was attacked and mortally wounded by Dabo. After receiving a severe cut on his face, he died soon afterwards.
★ 'Gikita Wawae' (ca. 1915 – February 13, 1997) was the leader of the attack at Palm Beach. He later became a Christian as well as an elder in the Huaorani church. During Operation Auca when Nate Saint was making gift drops from his airplane, Gikita was the first to offer a gift in return. He stole Paa's parrot and put him in the basket for the missionaries.
★ 'Kimo' (born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach.
:Kimo took Dawa as his wife after participating in a spearing raid which killed most of her immediate family. They were never able to have children, but he never took another wife. In 1956 he was part of the spearing raid at Palm Beach where he is believed to have killed Pete Fleming, the last of the missionaries to be killed. He later became one of the first Huaroni converts to Christianity (after Dayuma and his wife Dawa), and also became an elder in the Huaorani church. Kimo, along with Dyuwi, baptized Kathy and Steve Saint in the Curaray River.
★ 'Mincaye' ('Minkayi', or 'Minkayani', Huao for '"Wasp"'; born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach. He is believed to have killed Nate Saint and Ed McCully. He later became a Christian as well as an elder in the Huaorani church. He has become one of the most outspoken of the Huaorani due to his many appearances in the United States alongside Steve Saint. The 2006 film ''End of the Spear'' focuses mainly on his life.
★ 'Moipa' (ca. 1925 – ca. 1955) was known as one of the fiercest and strongest Huao warrior. He once attacked Arajuno and speared six Shell Oil Company employees. He also speared Kimo's mother, but she survived. He also terrorized Dayuma's family, severely wounding her father, Caento. Moipa was eventually killed by his brother, Itaeca, in retaliation.
★ 'Nampa' (ca. 1935 – 1956 or 1957) was Dayuma's younger brother. He also took part in the attack at Palm Beach. His other sister, Gimade, was the love interest of Nenkiwi, and Nampa was so much against the idea of them marrying he was ready to spear Nenkiwi.
:Nampa died after the attack at Palm Beach, and the time of death as well as the cause of death have been the subject of a small controversy. During the skirmish, he was injured in the head by a bullet fired from one of the missionaries' weapons. Some claimed that Nampa died shortly afterwards from complications related to the injury, while others have reported that he lived on for well over a year and died during a hunting expedition.
★ 'Nenkiwi' ('Nankiwi', or 'Nengkewi', nicknamed '"George"'; ca. 1935 – 1956) was one of the three visitors to Palm Beach two days before the massacre. He was following Gimade whom he wanted to marry. His first wife had been speared and he himself had drowned his second wife. At the time he already had two wives, as well as a reputation as a trouble maker. This led the tribe to be much against the idea of him marrying Gimade as well.
:During the visit at Palm Beach, Nenkiwi ate hambugers and spoke with the missionaries. Nate Saint took him for two rides in the airplane. During the second ride, Saint buzzed Nenkiwi's villiage as he called to his friends below, almost falling out of the plane at one point. Later Nenkiwi lied to the other Huaorani and told them that the missionaries were hostle and had threatened him. This was the excuse that led to the massacre at Palm Beach, even though Mincaye said later that they knew Nenkiwi was lying.
:Later that same year, Nenkiwi was speared by Dyuwi and Nimonga. As was Huao custom, his children were to be burried with him. His daughter was strangled to death and placed in the grave next to him, but his son, Tementa, who was a baby at the time, was saved by his mother, Epa.
★ 'Nimonga' ('Nimungka'; ca. 1935 – 1990) was one of the attackers at Palm Beach. He is believed to have speared Roger Youderian while he was trying to radio to Shell for help. Later, he and Dyuwi speared Nenkiwi.
★ 'Paa' (born ca. 1950) is an elder in the Huao church. When he was a child, he was the owner of the tame parrot that was given to the missionaries during the gift drops. Paa was upset about giving up the bird, but he had no choice in the matter.
★ 'Tementa' ('Teminta'; born ca. 1956) is the son of Nenkiwi and Epa. He became a Christian and a tribal leader. He and Mincaye together baptized Anna McCully, the grandaughter of Ed McCully, in the Curaray River. He was trained to fly a powered parachute as part of Steve Saint's efforts to help the Huaorani become more self dependent. His wife's name is Nemontae.
★ 'Toñae' ('Tona' ca. 1947 – 1970) was the first Huaorani martyr. He was living with the upriver Huaorani tribe where the missionaries first came, although he was originally from the downriver tribe. The downriver and upriver tribes were historical enemies, and Toñae had been captured as a child during an upriver raid on the downriver tribe. After becoming a Christian, he wanted to return to his family to evangelize them as well. At first they were happy that he had returned home, but when they realized that he had given up spearing, they turned on him and killed him. The villiage of Tonampade is named after him.
★ 'Aepi' (born ca. 1940) fled the villiage with Dayuma.
★ 'Akawo' (ca. 1915 – 1975) was Dayuma and Nampa's mother. She was present at Palm Beach during the massacre.
★ 'Bibanca' (born ca. 1940) was Mincaye's younger sister. She was killed by an anaconda wile sitting in a cannoe.
★ 'Dawa' (born ca. 1935) iss Kimo's wife. She was present at Palm Beach during the massacre, but did not participate in the attack. Instead she hid in the jungle on the far side of the river. She said that the whole time she was begging for the others to stop the killing. During the skirmish, her hand was injured from a stray bullet. Dawa believed the shot was meant as a warning and not aimed at her, because she believed the missionaries did not see where she was hiding. After the attack, she went up into the missionaries' tree house. Later, Dawa became the second member of the tribe to become a Christian (after Dayuma). Later in life she became Steve Saint's adopted Grandmother.
★ 'Dayuma' ('Dayumae'; born ca. 1930) fled her tribe as a young girl with Aepi and Omi. She lived with Quechua Indians and American missionaries. Dayuma was helpful in teaching the Huaorani language to the missionaries. Dayuma was the first known Huaorani to convert to Christianity. She eventually moved back to live with her people along with Rachel Saint and Elisabeth Elliot.
★ 'Epa' (born ca. 1935) was Nenkiwi's oldest living wife. According to custom, she killed her daughter Gamae to be burried with Nenkiwi. Her son Tementa, a baby at the time, would have had the same fate, but Epa took him and ran away, saving his life.
★ 'Gamae' (ca. 1950 – 1956) was Nenkiwi and Epa's daughter. According to custom, she was killed and burried with her father when he died.
★ 'Gimade' ('Gimari', nicknamed '"Delilah"' born ca. 1938) was Nampa and Dayuma's sister. She visited Palm Beach along with Nenkiwi and Gimare two days before the massacre. She had come to the beach because she wanted to see Dayuma, whom she assumed would be with the missionaries. She was being pursued romantically by Nenkiwi. She later died in childbirth.
★ 'Mankuma' was another woman who, along with Mintaka, initiated the first peaceful contact of the tribe with outsiders.
★ 'Mintaka' (born ca. 1915) was the older woman who visited Palm Beach along with Nenkiwi and Gimade two days before the massacre. She had come acting as a chaperon for Nenkiwi and Gimade. However, when they left, Mintaka stayed behind with the missionaries well into the night. Two days later she returned to Palm Beach and was present during the massacre. In November 1957, Mintaka, along with Mankamu, left their tribe and met Elisabeth Elliot in Arajuno. She was there for almost a year, then returned to the tribe. When she came back, she invited Elisabeth and Rachel to come and live with them.
★ 'Miñimo' ('Minyimo'; died 1956) was present at Palm Beach during the massacre.
★ 'Nemo' ('Nimo', Huao for '"Star"'; ca. 1935 – ca. 1945) was one of Dayuma's sisters and was killed by hostile Huao warriors. Later when Rachel Saint came to live with the tribe, they named her Nemo, signifying Rachel's place in the kinship. After Rachel died, they gave the same name to her niece, Stephenie Saint.
★ 'Omi' (born ca. 1940) was Dayuma's cousin who fled the village with her.
★ 'Ompodae' (born ca. 1935) is Mincaye's wife. She also traveled to the United States with Mincaye.
★ 'Waengongi' – the creator God. The ancient Huaorani taught that Waengongi had created the world, but no longer spoke with the people. The missionaries used the name to refer to God the Father.
★ 'Itota' – Huao for "God." This name was used by the missionaries for Jesus, the Son of Waengongi.
On January 6, 1956, three Huaorani visited the five missionaries at Palm Beach:
★ Nenkiwi ("George")
★ Gimade ("Delilah")
★ Mintaka
On January 8, 1956, ten Huaorani came to the attack at Palm Beach – six men and four women. Nine of them participated in the attack.
★ Men: Gikita, Nampa, Nimonga, Mincaye, Kimo, and Dywui
★ Women: Akawo, Mintaka, Miñimo, and Dawa (present, but remained hiding during the fight)
'Books'
★ Elliot, Elisabeth. ''Through Gates of Splendor]]. Tyndale House Publishers: Wheaton. 1981. ISBN 0-8423-7152-4
★ Saint, Steve. ''End of the Spear''. Tyndale House Publishers. 2005.
★ Wallis, Ethel Emily. ''Dayuma: Life Under Waorani Spears''. YWAM Publishing: Seattle. 1996. ISBN 0-927545-91-8
'Articles'
★ Saint, Steve. Did They Have to Die?
★ Report from Activist: Nampa, Steve Saint and End of the Spear - Dodging Question
★ Palm Beach Interview Searies
'Films'
★ ''Beyond the Gates of Splendor''. 2005.
★ ''End of the Spear''. 2006.
:''Note that many of the names have alternate spellings. This is because the Huaorani language contains phonemes that were unkown to those who first studied the language. The Huaorani did not have a writing system until after outside contact.''
:''Also note that many dates are unknown since the Huaorani did not mark time for many years. Most dates are estimated by approximate ages during certain events, and a generation gap of approximately 20 years. Only verifiable dates are linked.''
| Contents |
| Men |
| Women |
| Other Names |
| Notes |
| References |
Men
★ 'Awañetae' (ca. 1915 – ca. 1955) was Gabo and Ompodae's father. He was killed by Dabo while sleeping in his hammock.
★ 'Caento' ('Tyaento'; ca. 1915 – ca. 1947) was Dayuma's father. He was mortally speared in the knee by Moipa, crippling him at first. His death led to Dayuma's flight from her home.
★ 'Dabo' (born ca. 1935) is the killer of Awañetae. He also tried to kill Awañetae's son, Gabo, with a machete. Later in life, Dabo gave up his life of killing, making the observation that the tribe would have killed each other off had they not stopped spearing each other. His wife's name was Weba.
★ 'Dyuwi Tani' (born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach. A few months after the massacre, he and Nimonga also speared Nenkiwi. He had been promised Gimade to marry, and his animosity was directed against Nenkiwi as he had taken Gimade instead. Dyuwi later became a Christian and an elder in the Huaorani church. He and Kimo baptized Kathy and Steve Saint in 1970. He has a reputation as a quiet person.
★ 'Enkedi' (ca. 1915 – ca. 1950) was the father of Mincaye. He participated in an attack on the village of Arajuno and killed several Quichua Indians. When the Arajunos fought back, those who attacked with Enkedi fled, but he stayed to fight them and was killed.
★ 'Itaeca' ('Itaeka' born ca. 1925) is Moipa's brother. He speared Kimo's mother and also speared Moipa.
★ 'Gabo' (ca. 1935 – ca. 1955) was Ompodae's brother. He was attacked and mortally wounded by Dabo. After receiving a severe cut on his face, he died soon afterwards.
★ 'Gikita Wawae' (ca. 1915 – February 13, 1997) was the leader of the attack at Palm Beach. He later became a Christian as well as an elder in the Huaorani church. During Operation Auca when Nate Saint was making gift drops from his airplane, Gikita was the first to offer a gift in return. He stole Paa's parrot and put him in the basket for the missionaries.
★ 'Kimo' (born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach.
:Kimo took Dawa as his wife after participating in a spearing raid which killed most of her immediate family. They were never able to have children, but he never took another wife. In 1956 he was part of the spearing raid at Palm Beach where he is believed to have killed Pete Fleming, the last of the missionaries to be killed. He later became one of the first Huaroni converts to Christianity (after Dayuma and his wife Dawa), and also became an elder in the Huaorani church. Kimo, along with Dyuwi, baptized Kathy and Steve Saint in the Curaray River.
★ 'Mincaye' ('Minkayi', or 'Minkayani', Huao for '"Wasp"'; born ca. 1935) is one of the four surviving participants of the attack at Palm Beach. He is believed to have killed Nate Saint and Ed McCully. He later became a Christian as well as an elder in the Huaorani church. He has become one of the most outspoken of the Huaorani due to his many appearances in the United States alongside Steve Saint. The 2006 film ''End of the Spear'' focuses mainly on his life.
★ 'Moipa' (ca. 1925 – ca. 1955) was known as one of the fiercest and strongest Huao warrior. He once attacked Arajuno and speared six Shell Oil Company employees. He also speared Kimo's mother, but she survived. He also terrorized Dayuma's family, severely wounding her father, Caento. Moipa was eventually killed by his brother, Itaeca, in retaliation.
★ 'Nampa' (ca. 1935 – 1956 or 1957) was Dayuma's younger brother. He also took part in the attack at Palm Beach. His other sister, Gimade, was the love interest of Nenkiwi, and Nampa was so much against the idea of them marrying he was ready to spear Nenkiwi.
:Nampa died after the attack at Palm Beach, and the time of death as well as the cause of death have been the subject of a small controversy. During the skirmish, he was injured in the head by a bullet fired from one of the missionaries' weapons. Some claimed that Nampa died shortly afterwards from complications related to the injury, while others have reported that he lived on for well over a year and died during a hunting expedition.
★ 'Nenkiwi' ('Nankiwi', or 'Nengkewi', nicknamed '"George"'; ca. 1935 – 1956) was one of the three visitors to Palm Beach two days before the massacre. He was following Gimade whom he wanted to marry. His first wife had been speared and he himself had drowned his second wife. At the time he already had two wives, as well as a reputation as a trouble maker. This led the tribe to be much against the idea of him marrying Gimade as well.
:During the visit at Palm Beach, Nenkiwi ate hambugers and spoke with the missionaries. Nate Saint took him for two rides in the airplane. During the second ride, Saint buzzed Nenkiwi's villiage as he called to his friends below, almost falling out of the plane at one point. Later Nenkiwi lied to the other Huaorani and told them that the missionaries were hostle and had threatened him. This was the excuse that led to the massacre at Palm Beach, even though Mincaye said later that they knew Nenkiwi was lying.
:Later that same year, Nenkiwi was speared by Dyuwi and Nimonga. As was Huao custom, his children were to be burried with him. His daughter was strangled to death and placed in the grave next to him, but his son, Tementa, who was a baby at the time, was saved by his mother, Epa.
★ 'Nimonga' ('Nimungka'; ca. 1935 – 1990) was one of the attackers at Palm Beach. He is believed to have speared Roger Youderian while he was trying to radio to Shell for help. Later, he and Dyuwi speared Nenkiwi.
★ 'Paa' (born ca. 1950) is an elder in the Huao church. When he was a child, he was the owner of the tame parrot that was given to the missionaries during the gift drops. Paa was upset about giving up the bird, but he had no choice in the matter.
★ 'Tementa' ('Teminta'; born ca. 1956) is the son of Nenkiwi and Epa. He became a Christian and a tribal leader. He and Mincaye together baptized Anna McCully, the grandaughter of Ed McCully, in the Curaray River. He was trained to fly a powered parachute as part of Steve Saint's efforts to help the Huaorani become more self dependent. His wife's name is Nemontae.
★ 'Toñae' ('Tona' ca. 1947 – 1970) was the first Huaorani martyr. He was living with the upriver Huaorani tribe where the missionaries first came, although he was originally from the downriver tribe. The downriver and upriver tribes were historical enemies, and Toñae had been captured as a child during an upriver raid on the downriver tribe. After becoming a Christian, he wanted to return to his family to evangelize them as well. At first they were happy that he had returned home, but when they realized that he had given up spearing, they turned on him and killed him. The villiage of Tonampade is named after him.
Women
★ 'Aepi' (born ca. 1940) fled the villiage with Dayuma.
★ 'Akawo' (ca. 1915 – 1975) was Dayuma and Nampa's mother. She was present at Palm Beach during the massacre.
★ 'Bibanca' (born ca. 1940) was Mincaye's younger sister. She was killed by an anaconda wile sitting in a cannoe.
★ 'Dawa' (born ca. 1935) iss Kimo's wife. She was present at Palm Beach during the massacre, but did not participate in the attack. Instead she hid in the jungle on the far side of the river. She said that the whole time she was begging for the others to stop the killing. During the skirmish, her hand was injured from a stray bullet. Dawa believed the shot was meant as a warning and not aimed at her, because she believed the missionaries did not see where she was hiding. After the attack, she went up into the missionaries' tree house. Later, Dawa became the second member of the tribe to become a Christian (after Dayuma). Later in life she became Steve Saint's adopted Grandmother.
★ 'Dayuma' ('Dayumae'; born ca. 1930) fled her tribe as a young girl with Aepi and Omi. She lived with Quechua Indians and American missionaries. Dayuma was helpful in teaching the Huaorani language to the missionaries. Dayuma was the first known Huaorani to convert to Christianity. She eventually moved back to live with her people along with Rachel Saint and Elisabeth Elliot.
★ 'Epa' (born ca. 1935) was Nenkiwi's oldest living wife. According to custom, she killed her daughter Gamae to be burried with Nenkiwi. Her son Tementa, a baby at the time, would have had the same fate, but Epa took him and ran away, saving his life.
★ 'Gamae' (ca. 1950 – 1956) was Nenkiwi and Epa's daughter. According to custom, she was killed and burried with her father when he died.
★ 'Gimade' ('Gimari', nicknamed '"Delilah"' born ca. 1938) was Nampa and Dayuma's sister. She visited Palm Beach along with Nenkiwi and Gimare two days before the massacre. She had come to the beach because she wanted to see Dayuma, whom she assumed would be with the missionaries. She was being pursued romantically by Nenkiwi. She later died in childbirth.
★ 'Mankuma' was another woman who, along with Mintaka, initiated the first peaceful contact of the tribe with outsiders.
★ 'Mintaka' (born ca. 1915) was the older woman who visited Palm Beach along with Nenkiwi and Gimade two days before the massacre. She had come acting as a chaperon for Nenkiwi and Gimade. However, when they left, Mintaka stayed behind with the missionaries well into the night. Two days later she returned to Palm Beach and was present during the massacre. In November 1957, Mintaka, along with Mankamu, left their tribe and met Elisabeth Elliot in Arajuno. She was there for almost a year, then returned to the tribe. When she came back, she invited Elisabeth and Rachel to come and live with them.
★ 'Miñimo' ('Minyimo'; died 1956) was present at Palm Beach during the massacre.
★ 'Nemo' ('Nimo', Huao for '"Star"'; ca. 1935 – ca. 1945) was one of Dayuma's sisters and was killed by hostile Huao warriors. Later when Rachel Saint came to live with the tribe, they named her Nemo, signifying Rachel's place in the kinship. After Rachel died, they gave the same name to her niece, Stephenie Saint.
★ 'Omi' (born ca. 1940) was Dayuma's cousin who fled the village with her.
★ 'Ompodae' (born ca. 1935) is Mincaye's wife. She also traveled to the United States with Mincaye.
Other Names
★ 'Waengongi' – the creator God. The ancient Huaorani taught that Waengongi had created the world, but no longer spoke with the people. The missionaries used the name to refer to God the Father.
★ 'Itota' – Huao for "God." This name was used by the missionaries for Jesus, the Son of Waengongi.
Notes
On January 6, 1956, three Huaorani visited the five missionaries at Palm Beach:
★ Nenkiwi ("George")
★ Gimade ("Delilah")
★ Mintaka
On January 8, 1956, ten Huaorani came to the attack at Palm Beach – six men and four women. Nine of them participated in the attack.
★ Men: Gikita, Nampa, Nimonga, Mincaye, Kimo, and Dywui
★ Women: Akawo, Mintaka, Miñimo, and Dawa (present, but remained hiding during the fight)
References
'Books'
★ Elliot, Elisabeth. ''Through Gates of Splendor]]. Tyndale House Publishers: Wheaton. 1981. ISBN 0-8423-7152-4
★ Saint, Steve. ''End of the Spear''. Tyndale House Publishers. 2005.
★ Wallis, Ethel Emily. ''Dayuma: Life Under Waorani Spears''. YWAM Publishing: Seattle. 1996. ISBN 0-927545-91-8
'Articles'
★ Saint, Steve. Did They Have to Die?
★ Report from Activist: Nampa, Steve Saint and End of the Spear - Dodging Question
★ Palm Beach Interview Searies
'Films'
★ ''Beyond the Gates of Splendor''. 2005.
★ ''End of the Spear''. 2006.
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
Featured Companies
| Golf Holidays International | |
| Destinations Unlimited |
Newest Companies
List of Huaorani people Travel Deals
