In
political geography, an 'enclave' is a piece of land which is totally surrounded by a foreign territory, and an 'exclave' is one which is politically attached to a larger piece but not actually contiguous with it. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves, but there are examples of areas being one but not the other.
See
Enclave and exclave for a more detailed definition of enclave, exclave, "Practical" enclave, "Practical" exclave, and Inaccessible districts.
Enclaves which are also exclaves
★
Argentina —
Isla Martin Garcia () is surrounded by
Uruguayan territorial waters in the
Río de la Plata. In addition, the Argentine island of
Apipé is surrounded by
Paraguayan territorial waters, as are some small islets.
★
Armenia/
Azerbaijan — In Armenia, there exist three Azerbaijani exclaves.
Barxudarli () and
Yuxari Askipara () in north-eastern Armenia. The other one,
Karki (), is located north of the region of
Nakhichevan (which is a detached fragment of Azerbaijan stuck between Armenia,
Iran and
Turkey). Reciprocally, there exists one Armenian exclave, a village called
Artsvashen in north-western Azerbaijan ().
★
Bangladesh/
India — On the
India-Bangladesh border in the Indian district of
Cooch-Behar, there are 92 Bangladeshi exclaves, with a total area of 47.7 km². Similarly, there are 106 Indian exclaves inside Bangladesh, with a total area of 69.5 km². Twenty-one of the Bangladeshi exclaves are within Indian exclaves, and three of the Indian exclaves are within Bangladeshi exclaves. The largest Indian exclave,
Balapara Khagrabari, surrounds a Bangladeshi exclave,
Upanchowki Bhajni, which itself surrounds an Indian exclave called
Dahala Khagrabari, of less than one hectare. See link to external map [
here].
★
Belgium/
Netherlands — The town of Baarle () in the southern Netherlands is made up of the municipality of
Baarle-Hertog, a group of 22 Belgian enclaves within the Netherlands; and of the Dutch municipality of
Baarle-Nassau, which itself has one enclave in the main body of Belgium and 7 counter-enclaves inside two of the Belgian enclaves.
★
Bosnia and Herzegovina — The town of
Sastavci (part of
Rudo municipality,
Foča Region) is completely surrounded by the
Serbian municipality of
Priboj, in
Zlatibor District.
★
Cyprus — The villages of
Ormidhia and
Xylotymvou () are surrounded by the British
Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia. Inside this base, the Dhekalia Power Station also belongs to Cyprus although it's surrounded by British land and is even divided in two by a British road.
★
Germany —
Büsingen, Germany () is an exclave in the
canton of Schaffhausen, northern
Switzerland. Germany also has a group of 5 enclaves created by a railway track between the towns of
Roetgen and Monschau (south of
Aachen) that was granted Belgian sovereignty.
★
Israel —
Mount Scopus was a true enclave of Israeli territory within
East Jerusalem between 1949 and 1967. While Israel has controlled the whole of Jerusalem since 1967, the exact status of East Jerusalem is disputed so Mount Scopus may still be considered an enclave.
★
Italy — The town of
Campione () is enclaved in the canton of
Ticino,
Switzerland, although in practice it is administered as part of Switzerland. It is part of Swiss customs, uses the
Swiss franc, its inhabitants have to pay income tax to Italy, though in a reduced measure, and it is under Italian sovereignty.
★
Kyrgyzstan/
Tajikistan/
Uzbekistan — The
Fergana Valley, a region where the three countries meet, has a large number of enclaves.
Barak, a small Kyrgyz village, is surrounded by Uzbekistan. Reciprocally, the Uzbek towns of
Sokh () and
Shakhimardan as well as the two tiny territories of
Qalacha and
Khalmion (north of Sokh) are all surrounded by Kyrgyz territory. Also, the Tajik village of
Sarvan is in Uzbek territory and the Tajik village of
Vorukh () along with another small piece of land near
Kairagach are embodied in Kyrgyz land.
★
Malawi —
Chizumulu Island and
Likoma Island are located within
Mozambican territorial waters in
Lake Malawi.
★
Oman/
United Arab Emirates —
Madha () is an Omani territory enclaved in the UAE, which in turn hosts the tiny territory of
Nahwa, a UAE enclave within Madha.
★
Russia — In the eastern part of
Belarus, the
Russian exclave of
San'kovo-Medvezh'e () is made up of two villages.
★
Spain — The town of
Llívia (), an exclave in southern
France near
Font-Romeu, east of
Andorra and close to
Puigcerda.
Subnational enclaves which are also exclaves
Many of the administrative divisions of the Principality of
Liechtenstein have exclaves, some of which are enclaves.
★ In
Australia, the
Australian Capital Territory is an enclave of
New South Wales. The ACT also administers the separate coastal enclave of
Jervis Bay on the New South Wales south coast. The Australian constitution (written before the founding of the ACT) specified that the site for the national capital should be wholly within New South Wales.
★ In
Azerbaijan, the
rayon of
Abşeron has an exclave within
Baku.
★ In
Ethiopia, the
Benishangul-Gumuz Region has two exclaves in the
Oromia Region.
★ In
France:
★
★
Hautes-Pyrénées — This ''
département'' has two exclaves in
Pyrénées-Atlantiques.
★
★
Meurthe-et-Moselle — This ''département'' has one exclave inside
Meuse.
★
★
Nord — This ''département'' has one exclave in
Pas-de-Calais.
★
★
Vaucluse — This ''département'' has a rather large exclave within the
Drôme ''département''. The
Enclave des Papes [1] was part of the
possessions of the Pope in France near
Avignon; it was attached to Vaucluse when annexed after the ''départements'' were created (see
Comtat Venaissin). The Enclave des Papes contains 4 towns:
Valréas, Visan, Grillon and Richerenches.
★ In
Germany, the city of
Bremerhaven is an exclave of
Bremen federal state, which is altogether an enclave in
Lower Saxony.
★ In
India, the union territory of
Pondicherry is comprised of four districts scattered among the states of
Andhra Pradesh,
Kerala, and
Tamil Nadu.
★ In
Italy, part of the
Città di Castello comune, in the
region Umbria is completely surrounded by region
Marche.
★ In
Liechtenstein, many ''Gemeinden'' (municipalities) are fragmented (see map, right). There are three exclaves which are also enclaves:
Planken and
Vaduz each have one in
Schaan, and Schaan has one in Planken.
★ In
Norway, the municipality of
Malvik,
Sør-Trøndelag has two small exclaves (the Jøsås farms) in the neighbouring municipality of
Stjørdal,
Nord-Trøndelag. As the municipalities are also in different counties, this also implies that small parts of Sør-Trøndelag are enclaves in Nord-Trøndelag. The municipality of
Sandefjord has one exclave, Himberg, inside the neighbouring municipality of
Larvik.
★ In
Panama:
★
★ The comarca of
Emberá has a rather large exclave that is enclaved by
Darién Province.
★
★ The comarca of
Ngöbe-Buglé has at least four exclaves, of which two are enclaved in
Chiriquí Province and two are enclaved in
Veraguas Province. Chiriquí also has at least one exclave which is not an enclave.
★ In
Spain, the
Condado de Treviño is an enclave of the
Basque province of
Álava and administratively part of the province of
Burgos in
Castile-Leon. Also,
Valencia has an exclave,
Rincón de Ademuz between the provinces of
Teruel in
Aragon and
Cuenca in
Castile-La Mancha. The Autonomous Community of
Cantabria has two small exclaves in the contiguous province of
Biscay,
Basque Country.
★ In
South Africa, the
Eastern Cape Province has an enclave in
KwaZulu-Natal Province, containing the town of
Umzimkulu.
★ In
Switzerland:
★
★
Aargau — Kloster Fahr is a tiny exclave of
Baden district, surrounded by the
canton of Zürich.
★
★
Appenzell Innerrhoden — This canton has three exclaves, one of which, Grimmenstein, is enclaved by
Appenzell Ausserrhoden.
★
★
Berne — Münchenwiler, part of
Laupen district, is entirely surrounded by the
canton of Fribourg.
★
★
Fribourg —
Broye district has three exclaves separated by
Vaud, of which two (Surpierre and Vuissens) are enclaves, and the other is bounded by Vaud and
Lake Neuchâtel. Another enclave from
See district – Wallenbuch – lies within the
canton of Berne.
★
★
Geneva — This canton has two small exclaves within
Vaud, together forming the commune of
Céligny. The larger has a shoreline on
Lake Geneva.
★
★
Solothurn — Steinhof is an exclave of this canton, enclaved by the
canton of Berne.
★ In the
United States of America:
★
★ In
Colorado,
Arapahoe County has two exclaves within
the City and County of Denver, one of which is the city of
Glendale.
★
★
District of Columbia —
Reagan National Airport was built on reclaimed land in the
Potomac River. The District's boundary with
Virginia runs to the high-water mark on the south side of the river. Therefore, until 1945, the site was considered to be an exclave of the District. Since then, the airport is officially deemed to be part of
Arlington County, Virginia but it is under exclusive federal jurisdiction and is administered as if still part of the District.
★
★
Michigan - The community of
Dakota Heights, a part of
Portage Township is an enclave in
Houghton
★
★
New Hampshire — The town of
Killington, Vermont, voted on
March 2,
2004 at a
Town Meeting to secede from that state and join New Hampshire, whose border is 25 miles (40 km) away. This vote was repeated in the March 2005 town meeting, after a group of residents filed a new ballot warrant on the issue. In June 2005, the
New Hampshire Legislature passed a bill which would establish a commission to negotiate the terms of the town's secession if and when Vermont opts to establish a commission of its own. However the
State of Vermont is unlikely to allow Killington to secede. Also, the secession could not happen unless the two states actually came to a mutually acceptable agreement. A change in the two states' boundaries would also require the consent of the
federal government. As of 2006, New Hampshire is happy to let Killington remain part of Vermont, and Vermont wants to hold on to Killington.
★
★
New York — The historic extent of
Ellis Island belongs to
Manhattan (New York County), but the surrounding portion created by infill belongs to
Hudson County, New Jersey [2].
Liberty Island (site of the
Statue of Liberty) also lies on the New Jersey side of the
Hudson River.
★
★ The lands within numerous
Indian reservations have been fragmented, with privately owned real estate intermixed with tribal, city, county, state, and federal authorities in a bewildering array of jurisdictional geographies.
Enclaves which are not exclaves
''See also
List of countries that border only one other country.''
Some enclaves are sovereign states, completely surrounded by another one, and therefore not
exclaves. Three such sovereign countries exist:
★ The Kingdom of
Lesotho, embedded inside
South Africa
★ The republic of
San Marino, enclaved within
Italy
★
Vatican City, within the city of
Rome, in Italy
Also, the disputed Republic of
Nagorno-Karabakh is an enclave in
Azerbaijan. The region is under the military control of local Armenians, with tacit backing from the government of
Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh has declared itself independent, but no other government (including Armenia) has recognised this status.
Subnational enclaves which are not exclaves
★ In
Austria,
Vienna is an enclave of
Lower Austria. Interestingly
Vienna was also Lower Austria's capital until 1986.
★ In
Azerbaijan, Several cities are administratively separate from the rayons and form enclaves. These include
Mingachevir,
Naftalan,
Shaki, Khankendi/
Stepanakert (in
Nagorno-Karabakh),
Yevlakh, and
Nakhichevan.
★ In
Belarus,
Minsk city is an enclave in
Minsk Province.
★ In
Belgium, the
Brussels-Capital Region is an enclave within the
Flemish Region.
★ In
Cambodia,
Phnom Penh Municipality is surrounded by
Kandal Province.
★ In
Canada: In
Quebec, the city of
Westmount and the town of
Mount Royal are enclaves of the city of
Montreal. Collectively, the municipalities of
Hampstead,
Côte Saint-Luc and
Montreal West form another enclave.
★ In
Colombia: In the
Capital District,
La Candelaria municipality is an enclave of
SantaFé.
★ In the
Czech Republic,
Prague is not part of the
Central Bohemian Region, although it is the region's capital.
★ In
Denmark,
Frederiksberg is an enclave of
Copenhagen.
★ In
Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa city and
Harari Region are two of the four enclaves in
Oromia Region.
★ In
Finland: In
Uusimaa region, the town of
Kauniainen is enclosed by the city of
Espoo. The two are located west of
Helsinki, in the
Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
★ In
France: In
Côtes-d'Armor département, the
commune of
Plessix-Balisson is surrounded by the commune of
Ploubalay.
★ In
Germany:
★
★
Berlin is an enclave of
Brandenburg.
★
★
Bremen is an enclave of
Lower Saxony. Bremen on its turn has an exclave with access to the sea called
Bremerhaven, 60 km to the north.
★ In
Hungary: the city of
Budapest is an enclave within
Pest County, of which it is its capital (although it does not form part of it).
★ In
India: the city of Dadra, an exclave of the
Union Territory of
Dadra and Nagar Haveli, is a true enclave of the state of
Gujarat.
★ In
Kazakhstan, the cities of
Almaty,
Astana, and
Baikonur are administratively separate from the provinces in which they are enclaved.
★ In
Kyrgyzstan,
Bishkek is an independent city within
Chuy Province, although it is the province's capital.
★ In
Latvia, the cities of
Daugavpils,
Jelgava,
Rēzekne, and
Rīga are surrounded by and independent from the districts with the same names.
★ In
Lithuania, a few city municipalities are enclaved in the district municipalities of the same names, including
Šiauliai,
Panevėžys, and
Alytus.
★ In
Malaysia, the
Federal Territories of
Kuala Lumpur and
Putrajaya are enclaves of the sultanate of
Selangor.
★ In
Mali, the
Bamako Capital District is enclaved in
Koulikoro Region.
★ In
Mexico, in the state of
Nuevo León, the municipality of
Hualahuises is surrounded by the municipality of
Linares.
★ In
Mongolia, the municipality of
Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by but independent from
Töv Province.
★ In
Niger, the capital district of
Niamey is surrounded by the department of
Tillabéri.
★ In the
Republic of China:
★
★
Taipei City is an enclave of
Taiwan Province and
Taipei County.
★
★
Taichung and
Chiayi cities are an enclaves of
Taichung County and
Chiayi County, respectively.
★ In
Romania,
Bucureşti-Ilfov development region is enclaved by the
Sud (South) development region. The municipality of
Bucharest is also an enclave of
Ilfov County.
★ In
Russia:
★
★
Adygea republic is an enclave in
Krasnodar Krai.
★
★
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug is an enclave within
Chita Oblast.
★
★
Moscow is an enclave in
Moscow Oblast, although it is the administrative centre of Moscow Oblast. Also, some small exclaves of Moscow in Moscow Oblast exist. Also,
St. Petersburg is the administrative centre of
Leningrad Oblast, being an enclave in it, although this enclave is not true as it has access to
Baltic Sea.
★
★
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug is an enclave within
Irkutsk Oblast, but the two subjects are scheduled to merge on 1 Jan 2008.
★ In
South Korea,
Gwangju city is surrounded by
Jeollanam-do province.
★ In
Switzerland, the two
half-cantons of
Appenzell are enclaved by the
Canton of St. Gallen. Appenzell Innerrhoden is mostly surrounded by Appenzell Ausserrhoden, and both are completely surrounded by St Gall.
★ In
Syria, the governorate of
Damascus is surrounded by the governorate of
Rif Dimashq.
★ In
Tajikistan, the
Dushanbe RRS is enclaved by
Karotegin province.
★ In
Trinidad and Tobago, the Borough of
Arima is surrounded by the
Tunapuna-Piarco Regional Corporation.
★ In
Ukraine, the city of
Kiev is independent of surrounding
Kiev Oblast, although it is the oblast's administrative center.
★ In the
United Kingdom: The
English unitary authorities of
Nottingham,
Derby,
Stoke-on-Trent, and
Leicester are enclaves of
Nottinghamshire,
Derbyshire,
Staffordshire, and
Leicestershire counties, respectively.
★
★ In
Cambridgeshire: the City of
Cambridge is a local government district completely surrounded by the district of
South Cambridgeshire.
★
★
The City of London is an enclave of
Greater London for electoral and ceremonial purposes, and has a separate Mayor.
★ In the
United States of America:
★
★ In
Alaska,
Ketchikan Gateway Borough is surrounded in all directions by the
Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area of the
Unorganized Borough.
★
★ In
Arizona:
★
★
★ The
Hopi Reservation is surrounded by the
Navajo Reservation.
★
★
★ The city of
South Tucson is an enclave in the city of
Tucson.
★
★ In
Arkansas, the City of
Cammack Village is an enclave of
Little Rock.
★
★ In
California:
★
★
★ In 1956,
Newark defected from the proposed incorporation of the communities of Washington Township as the city of
Fremont. It is now an incorporated city surrounded by Fremont. Coincidentally Piedmont, Oakland, Newark and Fremont are all in
Alameda County.
★
★
★
Piedmont incorporated in 1907 to avoid annexation by
Oakland, and is now surrounded by Oakland.
★
★
★ The city of
San Fernando is an enclave in the city of
Los Angeles.
Beverly Hills and
West Hollywood together form another.
Santa Monica borders the
Pacific Ocean on one side but it is otherwise completely surrounded by the City of Los Angeles
★
★
★ The city of
Signal Hill is an enclave in the city of
Long Beach.
★
★
★ The city of
Villa Park is an enclave of city of
Orange.
★
★ In
Florida, the town of
Baldwin is an enclave within the city of
Jacksonville.
★
★ In
Georgia (U.S. state),
Payne City is an enclave within the city of
Macon.
★
★ In
Indiana, after the creation of
Unigov (the merged government of
Indianapolis and
Marion County) in
1970, four communities that did not fully merge with Indianapolis –
Beech Grove,
Lawrence,
Southport, and
Speedway – became enclaves of Indianapolis.
★
★ In
Kentucky, when the governments of
Louisville and
Jefferson County merged in
2003, a bewildering array of enclaves was created, as all other incorporated cities in Jefferson County retained their status as separate cities.
[ Urban Neighborhoods, Municipalities & Census-Designated Places: Jefferson County, Kentucky Note that this map clearly marks the pre-merger boundaries of Louisville.]
★
★
★ The following enclaves existed in pre-merger Louisville:
★
★
★
★
Audubon Park
★
★
★
★
Glenview Hills
★
★
★
★
Hills and Dales
★
★
★
★ The combination of
Kingsley,
Seneca Gardens,
Strathmoor Manor, and
Strathmoor Village
★
★
★
★
Meadowview Estates
★
★
★
★
Parkway Village
★
★
★
★
Wellington
★
★
★ Three other cities were, and still are, enclaved in cities other than Louisville:
★
★
★
★
Norbourne Estates is an enclave of
St. Matthews.
★
★
★
★
Richlawn is a separate enclave of St. Matthews.
★
★
★
★
Woodland Hills is an enclave of
Middletown.
★
★
★ The merger created many other enclaves within the portion of Louisville Metro that includes pre-merger Louisville but excludes all other pre-existing cities, an entity defined by the
United States Census Bureau as the
"Louisville-Jefferson County balance":
★
★
★
★
Creekside
★
★
★
★
Fincastle
★
★
★
★
Hickory Hill
★
★
★
★
Hollow Creek
★
★
★
★
Hollyvilla
★
★
★
★
Lynnview
★
★
★
★
Shively
★
★
★
★
Spring Mill
★
★
★
★
Thornhill
★
★
★
★ The combination of
Cambridge,
Houston Acres,
Lincolnshire, and
St. Regis Park
★
★
★
★ The combination of
Minor Lane Heights and
South Park View
★
★
★
★ The combination of
Poplar Hills,
Watterson Park, and
West Buechel
★
★
★
★ The aforementioned cities of Middletown, Norbourne Estates, Richlawn, and St. Matthews are part of a large enclave within the "balance", which also includes
Anchorage,
Bancroft,
Barbourmeade,
Beechwood Village,
Bellemeade,
Bellewood,
Blue Ridge Manor,
Broeck Pointe,
Brownsboro Farm,
Brownsboro Village,
Crossgate,
Douglass Hills,
Druid Hills,
Forest Hills,
Glenview,
Glenview Manor,
Goose Creek,
Graymoor-Devondale,
Hurstbourne,
Hurstbourne Acres,
Indian Hills,
Jeffersontown,
Langdon Place,
Lyndon,
Manor Creek,
Maryhill Estates,
Meadow Vale,
Meadowbrook Farm,
Mockingbird Valley,
Moorland,
Murray Hill,
Northfield,
Norwood,
Old Brownsboro Place,
Plantation,
Riverwood,
Rolling Fields,
Rolling Hills,
Spring Valley,
Sycamore,
Ten Broeck,
Westwood,
Wildwood,
Windy Hills, and
Woodlawn Park. The boundary of this enclave is irregular enough that several portions of the "balance" are themselves enclaves of this area. Note also that the entire
Ohio River between the northern and southern low-water marks is part of the "balance", not this enclave.
★
★ In
Michigan:
★
★
★ The city of
Center Line is completely surrounded by
Warren.
★
★
★
Highland Park and
Hamtramck border each other, but the two together are completely surrounded by
Detroit.
★
★
★ The city of
Lathrup Village is completely surrounded by
Southfield.
★
★ In
Missouri, the cities of
Gladstone and
North Kansas City are separately surrounded by
Kansas City.
★
★ In
Montana, when the governments of
Butte and
Silver Bow County merged in
1977, the town of
Walkerville voted not to join the consolidated government, thus becoming an enclave.
★
★ In
New Jersey:
★
★
★ The Borough of
Englishtown in Monmouth County is completely surrounded by the Township of
Manalapan.
★
★
★ The Township of
Medford Lakes is completely surrounded by
Medford.
★
★
★ The
Borough of Princeton, home of
Princeton University, is completely surrounded by
Princeton Township.
★
★
★ The
Borough of Lakehurst in Ocean County is completely surrounded by
Manchester Township.
★
★
★ The
Borough of Metuchen in Middlesex County is completely surrounded by
Edison Township.
★
★
★ The
Borough of Jamesburg in Middlesex County is completely surrounded by
Monroe Township.
★
★ In
North Dakota, the city of
Prairie Rose is an enclave of
Fargo.
★
★ In
Ohio:
★
★
★ The cities of
Minerva Park,
Bexley,
Whitehall, and
Valleyview are all enclaves of
Columbus. The cities of
Worthington and
Riverlea together form another enclave of Columbus.
★
★
★ The city of
Norwood is an enclave of
Cincinnati. The cities of
Elmwood Place, to the north, and
St. Bernard, to the south, together form another enclave of
Cincinnati.
★
★ In
Oregon, the city of
Maywood Park is surrounded by
Portland, which annexed the surrounding lands after Maywood Park incorporated.
★
★ In
Pennsylvania, every county in the state other than the counties of
Fulton,
Philadelphia,
Pike and
Union contains at least one municipality in another municipality.
Allegheny County, among others, contain numerous enclaved municipalities.
★
★ In
Tennessee, the cities of
Red Bank and
Ridgeside are enclaves in the city of
Chattanooga.
★
★ In
Texas:
★
★
★ The cities of
Alamo Heights,
Balcones Heights,
Castle Hills,
Hill Country Village,
Hollywood Park,
Kirby,
Leon Valley,
Olmos Park,
Shavano Park, and
Terrell Hills are all enclaves of
San Antonio.
[3]
★
★
★ The cities of
Bellaire,
West University Place, and
Southside Place together form an enclave of
Houston. The cities of
Bunker Hill Village,
Hedwig Village,
Hilshire Village,
Hunters Creek Village,
Piney Point Village, and
Spring Valley together form another enclave of Houston.
★
★
★ The cities of
Highland Park and
University Park, collectively known locally as the
"Park Cities", together form an enclave of
Dallas. In addition, the city of
Cockrell Hill is also an enclave of Dallas.
★
★
★ The city of
Beverly Hills is an enclave of
Waco.
★
★ In
Virginia, several
county seats are enclaved in the
counties that they serve, but are not part of the counties, plus some other cities are enclaved within counties. This situation exists because under Virginia law, all municipalities that are incorporated as ''cities'' are legally
independent of any county.
★
★ In
Wisconsin, the village of
Thiensville is an enclave of the city of
Mequon in
Ozaukee County.
★ In
Uzbekistan,
Tashkent is separate from surrounding
Toshkent Province, although it serves as its capital.
★ In
Yemen,
Sana'a municipality is surrounded by
Sana'a Governorate.
★ In
Zimbabwe,
Harare is an enclave of
Mashonaland East province.
Exclaves which are not enclaves
The British Sovereign Base Area of
Dhekelia, shown here, separates parts of Greek
Cyprus from the main body of Greek Cypriot territory.
★
Angola:
Cabinda is bounded by the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, the
Republic of the Congo, and the
Atlantic Ocean.
★
Azerbaijan:
Nakhichevan is bounded by
Armenia,
Iran, and
Turkey.
★
Cyprus (''de facto''): Two portions of land in the island's Southeast, in addition to the enclaves mentioned above, are cut off from the rest of the Greek Cypriot territory by the British Sovereign Base Area of
Dhekelia. They are bounded by the base and the
Mediterranean Sea, and the larger one also is bounded by a
United Nations Buffer Zone. The
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also has an exclave in the island's Northwest,
Kokkina/Erenköy, which is bounded by the buffer zone and the Mediterranean.
★
East Timor:
Oecussi-Ambeno is bounded by
Indonesia and the
Savu Sea.
★
France:
French Guiana (an
Overseas Department), in
South America, is bounded by
Suriname,
Brazil, and the
Atlantic Ocean.
★
Oman:
Musandam is bounded by the
United Arab Emirates and the
Strait of Hormuz.
★
Russia:
Kaliningrad Oblast is bounded by
Lithuania,
Poland, and the
Baltic Sea.
★
Spain:
Ceuta,
Melilla,
Peñón de Alhucemas,
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , and the
Islas Chafarinas (the ''
Plazas de soberanía'') are bounded by
Morocco and the
Mediterranean Sea.
★
United States:
Alaska is bounded by
Canada, the
Arctic Ocean, the
Bering Sea, and the
Pacific Ocean.
Subnational exclaves which are not enclaves
★ In
Austria, the transfer of
South Tyrol to Italy after
World War I left the county of
Tyrol in two parts.
★ In
Belgium, the
Flemish Region has an exclave, the municipality of
Voeren (Fourons), whereas the
Walloon Region also has an exclave, the municipality of
Comines-Warneton (Komen-Waasten). The territory of the
German-speaking Community of Belgium is also composed of two parts separated by a part of the
French Community.
★ In
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Posavina Canton is part of the
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina situated between
Republika Srpska and
Croatia. In this canton,
Orašje is adjacent to
Brčko District, which belongs to both entities, but
Odžak is a true exclave.
★ In
China,
Xianghe County,
Sanhe City, and
Dachang Hui Autonomous County, lodged between the municipalities of
Beijing and
Tianjin, together make up an exclave of the prefecture-level city of
Langfang in
Hebei province.
★ In
Finland: In
Central Finland, the former municipality of
Säynätsalo is now an exclave of
Jyväskylä municipality.
★ In
France, the commune of
Ménessaire is an exclave of the department of
Côte-d'Or between
Nièvre and
Saône-et-Loire.
★ In
Iceland, the capital of
Reykjavík has an exclave suburb some forty kilometers from it, separated from the city proper by another municipality,
Mosfellsbær.
★ In
Italy:
★
★ The Comune di San Colombano (named after the Irish missionary Saint
Columbanus) is an exclave of the
Province of Milan between the provinces of
Lodi and
Pavia.
★
★ The
comune Verucchio, in the
Emilia-Romagna region, includes an exclave between the
Marche region and the Republic of
San Marino.
★ In
Japan,
Kitayama Village and
Kumanogawa Town of
Wakayama prefecture are located in the border between
Mie and
Nara prefectures.
★ In
Liechtenstein, seven of the eleven
municipalities are in two or more pieces. In addition to the enclaves mentioned above,
Vaduz has four exclaves;
Schaan has three;
Planken,
Balzers, and
Eschen each have two; and
Triesenberg and
Gamprin both have one.
★ In
Malaysia,
Cape Rachado is an exclave of
state of
Malacca, which lies on the coast of
Negeri Sembilan.
★ In
Moldova,
Raionul Cahul has one exclave, and the autonomous territory of
Gagauzia has three.
★ In the
Netherlands,
Amsterdam Zuidoost is cut from other parts of the municipilaty of
Amsterdam by land that belongs to the municipilaties of
Ouder-Amstel and
Diemen.
★ In
Norway, the municipalities
Asker and
Bærum are separated from the rest of the county of
Akershus by land that belongs to the counties of
Oslo,
Oppland and
Buskerud and
Oslofjorden.
★ In the
Philippines:
★
★ In the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: the municipality of
Datu Saudi-Ampatuan in
Maguindanao is separated into two by
Datu Piang and
Mamasapano.
★
★ In the
National Capital Region,
Caloocan City is divided by
Valenzuela City.
★
★ In
CALABARZON, the municipalities of
San Mateo and
Rodriguez are separated from the congressional district of
Rizal (province) by the district of
Antipolo City.
★
★ In
SoCCSKSarGen:
★
★
★
Cotabato City is separated from the rest of this region by the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
★
★
★
Sarangani province is divided by
General Santos City, but waters are contiguous.
★
★ In
Zamboanga Peninsula:
★
★
★
Isabela City is part of this region (although it is the capital of the
ARMM province of
Basilan), but it is separated from it by Basilan Strait.
★
★
★
Zamboanga del Sur —
Zamboanga City, a chartered city, is unofficially part of this province but is separated from it by
Zamboanga Sibugay.
★ In
Poland,
Sławków commune is an exclave of
Będzin county on the border between
Małopolskie voivodeship and
Śląskie voivodeship, to which it administratively belongs.
★ In
Samoa,
A'ana,
Palauli,
Satupa'itea, and
Va'a-o-Fonoti districts each have one exclave, and
Gaga'emauga district has two.
★ In
Spain:
★
★
Rincón de Ademuz is an exclave of
Valencia province in
Valencia autonomous community, between the provinces of
Teruel in
Aragon and
Cuenca in
Castile-La Mancha.
★
★ In
Castile-La Mancha,
Anchuras is an exclave of the
Ciudad Real province between
Toledo province and the
Extremaduran province of
Badajoz.
★ In
Switzerland:
★
★
Appenzell Innerrhoden — Both parts of the district of
Oberegg are bounded by
Appenzell Ausserrhoden and
St. Gallen.
★
★
Bern —
Clavaleyres is surrounded by
Fribourg and
Vaud's exclave. (The
secession of the new
canton of Jura in 1979 left Bern temporarily with another exclave, Laufental, bounded by Jura,
Solothurn,
Basel-Country and
France. Laufental joined Basel-Country in 1994.)
★
★
Obwalden —
Engelberg is a large piece of this canton separated by
Nidwalden.
★
★
Schaffhausen — The only canton lying mostly on the north bank of the
Rhine, it is cut into three parts by
German corridors to the Rhine. The middle part is the largest, and embraces the German enclave of
Büsingen. The upper and middle parts border on
Thurgau, the middle and lower parts on
Zürich.
★
★
Solothurn — This canton has two exclaves, Dorneck and Thierstein, both bounded on the south by
Basel-Country and on the north by
France.
★
★
Vaud —
Avenches district is separated from this canton by the
canton of Fribourg.
★ In the
United Arab Emirates
★
★
Dubai,
Ajmān,
Ras al-Khaimah, and
Fujairah Emirates each have one exclave.
★
★
Sharjah Emirate has four exclaves, one of which is
Nahwa.
★ In the
United States of America:
★
★ In
Alaska, a portion of the
Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area of the
Unorganized Borough is separated by
Haines Borough. The Unorganized Borough is separated into multiple sections by Haines and
Yakutat Boroughs.
★
★
Kentucky — The westernmost part of
Fulton County is a piece of land known as the
Kentucky Bend, located inside a loop of the
Mississippi River, detached from its mother state. The only road in the area goes south into
Tennessee. This exclave exists because the Mississippi, which forms the boundary between
Missouri (right bank) and Kentucky/Tennessee (left bank), crosses latitude 36°30', which defines part of the border between Kentucky and Tennessee, three times.
★
★ In
Louisiana, a portion of
St. Martin Parish is separated by
Iberia Parish. A portion of
West Feliciana Parish is separated by
Concordia Parish. A portion of
Madison Parish is separated by
Warren County, Mississippi.
★
★ In
Massachusetts,
Norfolk County has two exclaves:
Brookline between
Middlesex and
Suffolk counties, and
Cohasset on the coast of
Plymouth County.
★
★ In
Michigan,
Quincy Township,
Houghton County is divided into two parts by the city of
Hancock
★
★ In
New Jersey, the Township of
South Hackensack, in
Bergen County, is divided into three separate parts as a result of other municipalities having seceded from it.
★
★ In
New Mexico,
Sandoval County has an exclave. During
World War II,
Los Alamos County was created out of parts of Sandoval and
Santa Fe Counties, for the convenience of the
Manhattan Project. That portion of Sandoval County which is within the
San Ildefonso Indian Reservation, about 3 km², became an exclave bounded by Los Alamos County on the southwest, Santa Fe County on the east and
Rio Arriba County on the north.
★
★ In
Pennsylvania, numerous municipalities in the southeastern part of
Delaware County have exclaves. For example,
Springfield Township has an exclave separated from the main body of the township by the village of
Swarthmore;
Darby Township consists of two separate non-contiguous areas; and part of
Upper Darby is separated from the main body of the township by
Aldan and
Lansdowne.
"Practical" enclaves and exclaves
★ The
Spanish towns
Ceuta and
Melilla on the north coast of
Africa.
★ The
British colony of
Gibraltar, on the south coast of
Spain.
★
Oecussi-Ambeno, a fragment of
East Timor geographically within the
Indonesian part of
Timor (
West Timor), but accessible from the sea.
★
Cabinda, a territory north of its mainland of
Angola, locked between the
Democratic Republic of the Congo and
Congo.
★
Russian
Kaliningrad Oblast, located between
Poland and
Lithuania, which, before
World War II, was the northern half of the German province of
East Prussia, itself an exclave after
World War I.
★
Croatia: The southern portion of
Dubrovnik-Neretva County, including the historic city of
Dubrovnik, is bounded by
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, and the
Adriatic Sea. Territorial waters are contiguous, however.
Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina's only sea access, is sandwiched between the two portions of this county.
★ At least seven places in the
United States cannot be reached by land except through
Canada:
★
★
Point Roberts in northwestern
Washington;
★
★ the
Northwest Angle in
Minnesota, a peninsula bordering
Lake of the Woods;
★
★
Elm Point, Minnesota, a small piece nearby where the coastline of the
Lake of the Woods dips slightly south over the border;
★
★ a similar unnamed sliver of land just west of
Elm Point. (Both of these are in western
Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota, near the northeast corner of
Roseau County, Minnesota, just south of the southeast corner of
Manitoba);
★
★ the town of
Alburgh, Vermont is on a peninsula that extends south from
Québec in
Lake Champlain.
★
★ Province Point, the end of a peninsula east of Alburgh.
★
★
Estcourt Station, Maine does not have public road access to the rest of Maine. Instead, Estcourt Station's houses, store and gas station access Rue Frontiere, a street on the Canadian side of the border in
Pohenegamook, Quebec.
★ The
Russian village of Dupki is on the
Estonian (west) coast of lake
Peipus.
★
Canada:
St. Regis,
Quebec: Part of the
Akwesasne Mohawk Nation on the south shore of the
Saint Lawrence River, it is attached by land to the
St. Regis Mohawk Reservation in
New York State; road access to the rest of Canada is only available through New York State.
★
★ The territorial water of Canada completely surround that of the
French territorial collectivity of
St Pierre and Miquelon except for a corridor 10.5 NM (19.4 km) wide stretching 200 NM (370 km) south to open sea.
★
★
Campobello Island,
New Brunswick can be reached by road only by driving through the United States, across the border bridge. Connection with the rest of Canada is by ferry.
★ An area north of
Tourém,
Portugal, is cut off from the rest of
Portuguese territory by the lake
Encoro de Salas, being surrounded by
Spanish territory. It is accessible by a road bridge, but otherwise does not border the rest of
Portugal.
★
Märket, a divided island with sovereignty shared between
Sweden and
Finland, has a small part of its land as
Swedish territory and separated from the rest of their territory on the island by the
Finnish area.
★
Copacabana in
Bolivia, and the surrounding promontory are separated from the rest of
Bolivia by
Lake Titicaca, only joining by land to
Peruvian territory.
★
Brunei:
Temburong District is bounded by
Malaysia and
Brunei Bay. Territorial waters are contiguous, however.
★
Turkey: The
European section of Turkey is bounded by
Greece and
Bulgaria. Note that despite the fact that the
European section and the
Asian sections of Turkey are not geographically contiguous, there are two connecting bridges in
Istanbul.
Subnational "practical" enclaves and exclaves
★ In
Indonesia, the province of
Yogyakarta is a coastal enclave of
Central Java province with access to
Indian Ocean in the south.
★ In the
Netherlands, the province of
Overijssel has two exclaves on the
Gelderland bank of the
IJssel river opposite the towns of
Olst and
Wijhe, in which the villages of Marle (north exclave), Welsum and Welsumerveld (south exclave) are situated. There are cable ferries between Olst and Welsum and between Wijhe and Vorchten in the municipality of
Heerde (there is no direct connection between Marle and the rest of Overijssel).
★ In the
United States of America:
★
★ The town of
Carter Lake, Iowa, occupied a
meander on the left bank of the
Missouri River, until 1877 when flooding caused the river to jump its banks, shortening the main stream. The meander became an
oxbow lake and Carter Lake now found itself on the right bank, attached to
Nebraska. A lengthy court case ensued; the
Supreme Court of the United States held that the sudden change in the river's course did not change the original boundary, and Carter Lake was still part of Iowa. (''Nebraska v. Iowa'', 143 U.S. 359 (1892)). The Court delayed a final decree to allow Nebraska and Iowa to reach an agreement consistent with its holding, which they did. (145 U.S. 519 (1892)). All roads into Carter Lake run through
Omaha, Nebraska. For similar geographic reasons there are many slices of
Mississippi River states that are now on the "wrong" side of the waterway.
★
★
Humarock, legally part of
Scituate, Massachusetts, was separated from the rest of the town in the
Blizzard of 1898, in which the mouth of the
North River shifted. The island is only accessible via a bridge which connects it to
Marshfield, Massachusetts.
★
★
Long Island, situated in
Boston Harbor in
Massachusetts, is part of the City of
Boston yet remains accessible by road only from
Quincy, Massachusetts.
★
★ The town of
Sandwich, Massachusetts is partially-separated in its northern portion by the
Cape Cod Canal and is only accessible by road through the neighboring town of
Bourne.
★
★ The construction in 1895 of the
Harlem River Ship Canal isolated
Marble Hill, a small portion of the northern tip of Manhattan (
New York County). Initially an island, it was later physically connected to the Bronx by the filling of
Spuyten Duyvil Creek. It remains politically part of Manhattan, to which it is connected by the Broadway Bridge.
★
★ The "
Lost Peninsula" in
Monroe County, Michigan, can only be reached via
Toledo, Ohio. It is otherwise surrounded by
Maumee Bay in
Lake Erie. (
Map)
★
★
California: The
City and County of San Francisco has an exclave on
Alameda Island, across
San Francisco Bay and adjoining
Alameda County. The exclave came into being as land on the border between the two counties was reclaimed from the Bay to build the
Naval Air Station Alameda, now decommissioned. This small piece of open space cannot be reached from San Francisco (except by boat) without passing through
Oakland and
Alameda.
★
★ Also in San Francisco Bay, there is a small (5.37
acres) piece of land on the eastern end of
Angel Island that belongs to the City and County of San Francisco. The rest (99.3%) of Angel Island lies in the town of
Tiburon, which is in
Marin County.
★
★ The
port community of
San Pedro, California is part of the
City of Los Angeles but is connected to the rest of the city only by a narrow strip of land known as the
Harbor Gateway, four
city blocks wide and several miles long.
★
★ The community of San Ysidro borders Mexico and is part of the City of San Diego. It is joined to San Diego proper by a thin strip of territory in San Diego Bay. Between San Ysidro and San Diego proper are the cities of Chula Vista and National City.
★
★
Virginia: The
Eastern Shore, comprising
Accomack County and
Northampton County, is located at the southern tip of the
Delmarva Peninsula. It is connected to the rest of Virginia by the 23 mile (37 km) long
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. Also,
Knotts Island, practically an exclave of Currituck County, North Carolina (see below), extends in a stubby peninsula back north of the state line on the eastern portion of the island and is considered part of the City of
Virginia Beach, surrounded by Back Bay.
★
★
Delaware:
Salem County, New Jersey in
New Castle County At least two parcels of land on the east (New Jersey) side of the
Delaware River belong to the state of Delaware (the bulk of which is west of the river) and not to New Jersey. This is because within the "
Twelve Mile Circle", the entire Delaware River, to the low water mark, is the territory of Delaware and not New Jersey (unlike many other river borders where the border is at some intermediate point in the river itself). As a result, certain areas (including the
Killcohook National Wildlife Refuge and a portion of the
Salem Nuclear Power Plant) on the New Jersey side of the river that have been expanded by adding fill into areas that were historically below the low water mark are considered part of
Delaware and not
New Jersey. Areas that have been built on fill are considered Delaware Territory . Both of these areas are only accesable by land by traveling through New Jersey.
★
★
North Carolina:
Knotts Island in
Currituck County is only accessible by road through Virginia Beach, Virginia via a narrow strip of land from the west. A 45-minute ferry connects the island to the rest of Currituck.
★
★
Michigan: The
Upper Peninsula is attached by land to
Wisconsin. It can be reached from the
Lower Peninsula of Michigan by the 5 mile (8 km) long
Mackinac Bridge.
★ In
Switzerland:
★
★
Lucerne has two pieces separated from the main territory by the
Vierwaldstättersee; one borders
Schwyz, the other Nidwalden.
★
★
Nidwalden's district of
Hergiswil is separated by an arm of the
Vierwaldstättersee.
★
★ One of the pieces of
Fribourg is a large exclave bounded by Vaud and
Lake Neuchâtel.
★
★
Appenzell Innerrhoden has three small exclaves, two of which border on both
Appenzell Ausserrhoden and on Sankt-Gallen.
★
★
Vaud has one exclave, Avenches, bordered by
Lake Neuchâtel, Fribourg and the tiny Bernese exclave of Clavaleyres. The coast of Lake Neuchâtel is thus in seven pieces belonging to four cantons: clockwise from the north they are
Neuchâtel, Bern (main), Vaud (Avenches exclave), Fribourg (main), Vaud (main), Fribourg (exclave), Vaud (main).
★ In
India:
★
★ The
Union Territory of
Daman and Diu consists of two coastal enclaves in the state of
Gujarat.
★
★
Pondicherry is a
Union Territory which is composed of Pondicherry City and
Karaikal (coastal enclaves of
Tamil Nadu),
Yanam (coastal enclave of
Andhra Pradesh) and
Mahe (coastal enclave of
Kerala).
Inaccessible districts
★
Adutskis railway station straddles the
Lithuania/
Belarus border. Trains pass through Lithuanian territory while travelling to and from
Belarus, and platforms are in both
Belarus and
Lithuania. Nowadays, the station is mainly used for freight.
★ The
Austrian municipality of
Jungholz is surrounded by German territory virtually everywhere, except at one point: the top of a mountain.
★ The
Kleinwalsertal, a valley part of
Vorarlberg,
Austria, can be reached by road from
Oberstdorf,
Germany, only.
★ The
Swiss village of
Samnaun could initially only be reached by road from
Austria. Thus in 1892 the village was excluded from the Swiss customs territory. The exemption was maintained even when in 1907-1912 a road was built to the
Engadin valley.
★ For similar reasons the
Italian Livigno valley near the Swiss border is excluded from EU VAT area.
★ Some villages in eastern
Estonia can only be reached by a road which ventures inside
Russian territory. One can drive on the road without any visa, but it is forbidden to stop before coming back to Estonia.
★ Several farms on the border between
Denmark and
Germany.
★ The village of
Lutepää in eastern Estonia, reached by road only by traversing Russian territory.
★ The western-most region of
County Monaghan in the
Republic of Ireland contains a pene-enclave jutting into
County Fermanagh,
Northern Ireland (
United Kingdom).
★ A valley, which includes five villages, called
Macahel in northeast of
Turkey can only be reached by road via
Batumi in
Georgia by vehicles, and as the snow shuts the paths which are completely within the borders of Turkey in winter, the road via Batumi is the only way for getting there.
★ In the
United States of America:
★
★ The
Alaska Panhandle, though connected geographically, is inaccessible by road from the rest of the state. One must drive through Canada to reach the area from elsewhere in the state.
★
★
Hyder, Alaska, itself being located in a state that is an exclave of the
United States, is in a location where because of mountains and rugged terrain, it can only be reached by road from the adjacent community of
Stewart, British Columbia in
Canada, thus it could be considered a practical enclave from both the U.S. mainland and from the rest of state of
Alaska.
★ There are three pene-exclaves of
Russian territory which can be accessed only via the
Lithuanian town of
Vištysis. The border is officially undemarcated, and there are proposals to change the boundaries around this area.
★ The
Campobello Island in
New Brunswick,
Canada, can only be reached by road through a bridge linking the island to the U.S. state of
Maine.
★ The municipality of
Tornio in
Finland has one pene-enclave unreachable directly by land from
Finnish territory, and the neighbouring
Swedish municipality of
Haparanda has two similar pene-enclaves unreachable directly from Swedish territory.
★
Chalet des prés; two buildings in
Switzerland that can only be accessed via
France.
★ Also,
Les Etoles and
Les Places are two
French hamlets, accessible only via
Swiss territory.
★
Os de Civis in Spain is inaccessible via any other part of
Spanish territory, one has to travel via
Andorra.
★ Properties 79/3 and 79/4 at
Trosterud in the
Norwegian municipality of
Rømskog is only accessible by road via a small tract following the vista of the
Norwegian–
Swedish state
boundary.
[1]
★ Close to
Narvik in
Norway, a road enters
Swedish territory. It does not connect with any other
Swedish road before it enters
Norwegian land once more.
[2]
★ In
Italy, the village of
Bagni di Craveggia can only be reached by travelling through the Canton of
Ticino in
Switzerland. The village never became part of Switzerland as the pastures surrounding it were owned by the people of Vigezzo Valley, rather than the people of the Swiss Onsernone Valley, at the end of which the village is situated. Consequently, the
Swiss franc is commonly used.
★ On the
San Marino/
Italy border, there is Italian land east of the river
San Marino that does not join to any other part of 'dry' Italian territory. This area is only a few metres wide, and follows the river's course for around 500 metres, and is close to the Strada del Lavoro.
★ On the
United Kingdom/
Republic of Ireland border, there are two inaccessible districts.
Drumard in the
Republic of Ireland is inaccessible directly by road from any other part of the Republic; the village of
Summerhill in
Northern Ireland is similarly inaccessible from the rest of Northern Ireland. The A3 (Northern Ireland) and N54 (Republic of Ireland) road crosses the border 4 times in a short distance. See N54 here: http://www.transport.ie/upload/general/7616-0.pdf
★ The
Russian settlement of
Majole Kulisko is separated from the rest of the country by the
Kuuleski River; the village is otherwise surrounded by
Estonian territory.
★ An area of marshy land, approximately 1 mile south of
Tiong,
Mauritania is owned by
Senegal, but is inaccessible from any other part of
Senegal. Coastal waters, however, are contiginous.
Subnational inaccessible districts
★
United States of America:
★
★
Riker's Island, the
jail complex of the
City of New York, is considered to be in the borough of The
Bronx, but is only accessible via the Riker's Island Bridge, which terminates in the Borough of
Queens.
★
★
Roosevelt Island in New York City is part of the Borough of
Manhattan, but is accessible by bridge only from the Borough of Queens. (A tramway and subway connect it to Manhattan, the subway to Queens as well. An automobile elevator on the
Queensboro Bridge is no longer in operation.)
★
★ Similarly, Manhattan's borders often extend to the shorelines of the other boroughs so that, for example, certain piers extending from the
Brooklyn waterfront are part of Manhattan but accessible only from Brooklyn. Ellis Island (see above) has a bridge connecting it to New Jersey.
★
★
Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River is part of
Washington, D.C., but only accessible by a footbridge from Virginia. Although the
Theodore Roosevelt Bridge from Washington to Virginia passes over the island, one cannot exit from the bridge onto the island.
★
★
Coast Guard Island in the Oakland estuary is part of
Alameda, California, but only accessible via a bridge from
Oakland, California.
★
United Kingdom
★
★ The village of
Pentreheyling in
Shropshire (
England) cannot be reached from any other settlement in
England by road without first passing through
Wales (see
map). In
Flintshire,
Wales, on the
Dee estuary, there are several bits of marshland that are separated from other bits of
Wales.
★
★ Also in
Wales, there is a small area of land south of
Wyastone Leys which is inaccessible from any other area of
Wales directly by road, being separated by land and the
River Wye.
★
★ There are several small areas north of the village of
Part-Y-Seal are inaccessible from
Wales directly, these include one farm, two river banks and a small island in the
River Wye.
★
★ There are two parts of
Scotland inaccessible from anywhere else other than travelling through
England; these are
Edrington Castle and the village of
Cawderstanes, which is accessible to the rest of
Scotland by footbridge only. Also a small area of land adjacent to a weir on the
River Tweed, north of the
B6350, due south of
Coldstream and due south west of
Cornhill on Tweed which can only reach the rest of
Scotland directly by crossing the weir. Likewise, on the
English side of the
English/Scottish Borders, the hamlet of
High Cocklaw is not accessible directly from any other part of
England except via footpath.
★
South Korea:
★
★
Incheon Metropolitan City:
Ganghwa Island is administered by Incheon, but is connected by bridges to
Gyeonggi Province.
★
★
Yeongjong Island, where
Incheon International Airport is located, is administered by Jung-gu, but is connected by bridge to Seo-gu. (A "gu" is a geo-political subdivision of S. Korea's metropolitan cities).
★
Philippines:
★
★ Three municipalities and two cities of Laguna are separated by the municipality of
Santo Tomas, Batangas (a portion of
SLEX crosses the municipality) from the rest of the province.
★
★ Some coastal barangays in
Canaman,
Camarines Sur do not have direct connection to barangays in
poblacion. People from some coastal barangays in Canaman have to pass
Camaligan via Barangays of Sua and Dugcal or
Naga City via Bicol River before reaching
poblacion.
★
Malaysia
★
★
Cameron Highlands, Malaysia's largest
tea-growing region, lies in the state of
Pahang but is only accessible via
Tapah in the state of
Perak.
Historic enclaves/exclaves
★
Bremen-Verden,
Swedish Pomerania, and
Wismar,
Swedish enclaves in
Germany after the
Peace of Westphalia.
★
Cheikh Saïd - former French enclave near
Aden
★
Comtat Venaissin
★
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
★
East Pakistan (1955-1971), nowadays People's Republic of
Bangladesh, was an exclave from Islamic Republic of
Pakistan, if one considers
West Pakistan, site of the capital Islamabad, mainland. There were 1600 kilometers of foreign territory separating the east and west wings of Pakistan. East Pakistan accounted for 70% of the exports of the country and was more populous than West Pakistan.
★
East Prussia, a
German exclave during the
Weimar Republic: it was separated from Germany after
World War I, when
Poland regained access to the
Baltic Sea (
Polish corridor). East Prussia (essentially the old
Duchy of Prussia) is now divided into
Kaliningrad Oblast in
Russia (see above), the
Warmian-Masurian Voivodship in
Poland, and
Klaipėda County in
Lithuania.
★
Forbidden City - The last emperor of the
Qing Dynasty of
China, Emperor
Henry Puyi, succeeded the throne in 1909. In 1911, revolution broke out and the Qing army was defeated. According to the treaty signed between the Qing court and the government of the newly formed
Republic of China (ROC), Puyi preserved the emperor title and alongside other rights, maintained certain government organs in the Forbidden City mainly for management of the Forbidden City and other palaces, management of imperial families, etc. Inside the Forbidden City it still flew the Dragon Flag of the Qing Dynasty. In 1924, the treaty signed in 1911 was revised unilaterally by the ROC government, abolishing the Puyi's title of Emperor, his right to live in the Forbidden City and other related arrangements.
★
Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá a Portuguese enclave within Dahomey/
Benin until 1961 (de facto) and 1975 (de jure).
★
Gwadar - till 1958,
Omani coastal enclave inside
Pakistan
★
Lado Enclave
★
Ifni
★
Kowloon Walled City - enclave inside
Kowloon,
Hong Kong. Question of jurisdiction led to hands-off approach adopted by
People's Republic of China,
Hong Kong and the
United Kingdom until solution was agreed upon.
★
Kwang-Chou-Wan
★
Mount Scopus (in
Jerusalem) was an
Israeli exclave in
Jordan between 1948 and 1967, before being reunited with West Jerusalem following the
Six Day War. It is still an exclave on a political level, since Israel's annexation of the connecting territory is unrecognized.
★
Port Arthur
★
Portuguese India
★
Jiaozhou Bay
★
Shanghai - British, American, and French Concessions, and
Shanghai International Settlement
★
Walvis Bay was a
South African exclave in
Namibia, before being transferred from South African jurisdiction and incorporated with
Namibia in
1994, four years after that country's independence.
★
Wei-Hai-Wei
★
West Berlin, before the reunification of
Germany, was ''de facto'' a
West German exclave, enclaved by
East Germany. Many small West Berlin land areas, such as
Steinstücken, were in turn separated from the main body of West Berlin, some by only a few meters. ''De jure'' all of Berlin was ruled by the four Allied powers (as an enclave of East Germany); this meant that West Berlin could not send voting members to the German Parliament, and that its citizens were exempt from conscription.
★
Zadar
★ Various historical
foreign concessions.
Temporary enclaves
Sometimes land is ceded temporarily to another country as a form of
legal fiction.
★ Suite 212 at
Claridges Hotel in
London was ceded by the
United Kingdom to
Yugoslavia on
June 17 1945 to allow
Crown Prince Alexander, whose parents were in exile, to be born on Yugoslav soil.
[3]
★
Camp Zeist, a former United States Air Force base in the
Netherlands, was, in 2000, temporarily declared
sovereign territory of the
United Kingdom, in order to allow the
Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial to take place.
★ In 1943, the maternity ward at the
Ottawa Civic Hospital in Canada was temporarily declared part of the Netherlands so that the birth of
Princess Margriet,
Princess Juliana's daughter, could be claimed to have taken place on Dutch territory.
References
★
WAITING FOR THE ESQUIMO: An historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh, , Brendan R., Whyte, University of Melbourne (doctoral dissertation), 2002, revised 2004, ISBN 0-7340-2208-5
★
★ University of Melbourne ePrints repository has an
abstract and a
complete reprint (
PDF: 13.59 MB).
★
★ Chapter 1 (pages 1-24) is a general survey of international enclaves, with a table ''Enclaves of the world since 1996'' on page 5.
★
Jan S. Krogh's Geosite
1. Jan S. Krogh's Geosite on the Trosterud farms
2. Jan S. Krogh's Geosite on Sørdalen valley
3. A Regal Bid Too Far? Christopher Long
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