LIST OF FEMINISTS

This is a list of important participants in the development of feminism, listed by feminist ideology.

Contents

Early pioneers

First-wave feminists

Second-wave feminists

Third-wave feminists

Radical feminists

Ecofeminists

Dissident feminists

Individualist feminists

Anarcha-feminists

French feminists

Jewish feminists

Lesbian feminists

Muslim feminists

Latina feminists

Other feminists

Feminist allies

External links

Early pioneers

★ Eleanor of Aquitaine 12th century: believed in women's superiority over men

★ Christine de Pizan (1365 - 1430)

★ Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535), author of ''Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex''.

★ Marie Dentière - (c. 1495-1561)- Genevan Protestant theologian who called for the increased religious participation of women.

★ Jane Anger author of ''Her Protection for Women'' published 1589 in London.

★ Christina of Sweden (1626-1689), Queen

★ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695), Mexican nun and pioneer of female education in the new world

★ Dorothea Erxleben (1715-1762), first female physician in Germany

★ Thomas Paine (1737 - 1809), American Founding Father and revolutionary [1].

★ Marquis de Condorcet (1743 - 1794), Philosopher and mathematician of the French Enlightenment [2]

★ Abigail Adams (1744-1818), First Lady of the United States

★ Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797), author of ''A Vindication of the Rights of Woman''

★ Jane Gomeldon (?–1779), English essayist

★ Mary Shelley (1797-1851), English novelist

★ Catharine Beecher (1800–1878), American educator, author

★ George Sand (1804-1876), French Novelist

★ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), English thinker and women's rights advocate

★ Harriet Taylor Mill (1807 - 1858), English thinker [3].

★ Concepción Arenal (1820-1893), Activist, writer, thinker, pioneer and founder of the "Feminist Movement" in Spain

★ Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Communist writer and thinker. Wrote The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State

★ Aletta Jacobs (9 February 1854 - 10 August 1929) was the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician ever.

★ Táhirih, (b. 1814-1820, d. 1852), Bahá'í poet, philosopher and theologian.

★ Emily Anne Eliza Shirreff (1814-97) English activist and writer

★ Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910), first female physician in the U.S.A.

★ Anna Bayerová (1853-1924), second Czech female physician

★ Celia Sánchez (1920 - 1980) - participant in Cuban revolution and one of first women to comprise a combat squad during the revolution.

First-wave feminists

''For main article, see: First-wave feminism''

★ Jane Addams (1860 – 1935)

★ Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner (1874-1930), German university lecturer

★ Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906), American suffragette

★ Mary Astell (1666?-1731), author of "Serious Proposal to the Ladies"

★ Hubertine Auclert

★ Rachel Foster Avery

★ Marie Bashkirtseff

★ Simone de Beauvoir

★ Barbara Bodichon

★ Elizabeth Blackwell

★ Fredrika Bremer

★ Ursula Mellor Bright

★ Antoinette Brown

★ Katherine Burdekin

★ Katharine Bushnell

★ Lucy Burns

★ Frances Jennings Casement

★ Carrie Chapman Catt (1859 – 1947), American women's rights activist

★ Alice Clark

★ Francis Power Cobbe

★ Frederick Douglass [4]

★ Marguerite Durand

★ Millicent Garrett Fawcett

★ Margaret Fuller

★ Matilda Joslyn Gage

★ Emma Goldman

★ Olympe de Gouges

★ Sarah Grimke

★ Angelina Emily Grimke

★ Marianne Hainisch

★ Jane Ellen Harrison - British scholar

★ Julia Ward Howe

★ Marie Juchacz - German social reformer, feminist and Member of the Reichstag

★ Alexandra Kollontai

★ Louisa Lawson - Australian suffragist and women's rights campaigner

★ Mary Lee - South Australian suffragist

★ Mary Livermore

★ Mina Loy

★ Margaret Bright Lucas

★ Rosa Luxemburg

★ Agnes Macphail - first woman elected to Canadian House of Commons; founder of the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada

★ Priscilla Bright Mclaren

★ Nellie McClung

★ Louise Michel - Paris Commune 1871-1880. Considered women's labor of comparable worth.

★ Rosa Mayreder

★ Lucretia Mott

★ Anna Maria Mozzoni

★ Katti Anker Møller - Norwegian activist on behalf of single mothers and reproductive rights

★ Clarina I. H. Nichols

★ Emmeline Pankhurst

★ Sylvia Pankhurst

★ Alice Paul

★ Marion Phillips

★ Ernestine Rose

★ Margaret Sanger

★ Séverine

★ Elizabeth Cady Stanton

★ Rose Scott

★ Kate Sheppard

★ Dame Ethel Mary Smyth

★ Anna Garlin Spencer

★ Lucy Stone

★ Marie Stopes

★ Sojourner Truth

★ Harriet Tubman

★ Victoria Woodhull

★ Virginia Woolf

★ Frances Wright

★ Clara Zetkin

Second-wave feminists

''For main article, see: Second-wave feminism''

★ Bella Abzug

★ Gloria E. Anzaldúa

★ Ti-Grace Atkinson

★ Simone de Beauvoir

★ Lorraine Bethel

★ Susan Brownmiller

★ Charlotte Bunch

★ Oprah Winfrey

★ Thérèse Casgrain

★ Sandra Coney

★ Mary Daly

★ Sonja Davies

★ Angela Davis

★ Heather Dean

★ Carol Downer

★ Andrea Dworkin

★ Susan Faludi

★ Melissa Farley

★ Shulamith Firestone

★ Clara Fraser

★ Jo Freeman

★ Marilyn French

★ Betty Friedan

★ Carol Gilligan

★ Germaine Greer

★ Carol Hanisch

★ Donna Haraway

★ Bertha Harris

★ Nancy Hartsock

★ Dorothy Hewett

★ Anne Guerry Hoddersen

★ bell hooks

★ Sheila Jeffreys

★ Anne Koedt

★ Bonnie Kreps

★ Peggy Kornegger

★ Jacqueline Livingston

★ Catharine MacKinnon

★ Gloria Martin

★ Kate Millett

★ Robin Morgan

★ Ann Oakley

★ Bernice Johnson Reagon

★ Erin Pizzey

★ Janice Raymond

★ Helen Reddy

★ Sheila Rowbotham

★ Joanna Russ

★ Diana E. H. Russell

★ Kathie Sarachild

★ Alice Schwarzer

★ Lynne Segal

★ Kato Shidzue (Japan)

★ Ann Simonton

★ Gloria Steinem

★ Michele Wallace

★ Beatrix Campbell

★ Liz Kelly

★ Ailbhe Smyth

★ Renate Klein

★ Dale Spender

★ Cynthia Enloe

★ Betsy Warrior

★ Hilary Wainwright

★ Melba Windoffer

★ Christine Delphy

★ Brett Clements

Third-wave feminists

''For main article, see Third-wave feminism''

★ Gloria E. Anzaldúa

★ Margaret Atwood

★ Jennifer Baumgardner

★ Melissa Benn

★ Carrie Brownstein

★ Judith Butler

★ Lili Taylor

★ Susie Bright

★ Margaret Cho

★ Victor Colussi

★ Johanna Fateman

★ Ani DiFranco

★ Martha Davis

★ Donna Dresch

★ Corin Tucker

★ Betty Dodson

★ Maureen Dowd

★ Emily Haines

★ Kathleen Hanna

★ Donna Haraway

★ bell hooks

★ Miranda July

★ Marcelle Karp

★ Jean Kilbourne

★ Rosie Malek-Yonan (activist and author of The Crimson Field )

★ Inga Muscio

★ Kathy Najimy

★ Sandra Oh

★ Lisa Palac

★ Liz Phair

★ Maria Raha

★ JD Samson

★ Gudrun Schyman

★ Joan Smith

★ Annie Sprinkle

★ Debbie Stoller

★ Nadine Strossen

★ Robin Tunney

★ Tobi Vail

★ Rebecca Walker

★ Natasha Walter

★ Kaia Wilson

★ Naomi Wolf

★ Molly Yard

★ Cheryl Seelholf (Creator of ''Gentle Spirit Magazine'')
''See also: Third-wave feminism''

Radical feminists

''For main article, see Radical feminism''

★ Susan Brownmiller

★ Nikki Craft (Activist from 1970 to 2006 and beyond who does not identify as 2nd or 3rd wave feminist.)

★ Mary Daly

★ Andrea Dworkin

★ Melissa Farley

★ Shulamith Firestone

★ Carol Keyes

★ Catharine MacKinnon

★ Robin Morgan

★ Valerie Solanas

★ Keshia Gordan

★ Chelsie Vandecoevering

★ Rote Zora

Ecofeminists

For main article, see ''Ecofeminism''

★ Carol J. Adams

★ Helene Aylon

★ Judi Bari

★ Bernadette Cozart

★ Mary Daly

★ Françoise d'Eaubonne

★ Mary Rose de Valladares

★ Lois Marie Gibbs

★ Charlotte Perkins Gilman

★ Susan Griffin

★ Monica Sjoo

★ Petra Kelly

★ Anna Kingsford

★ Winona LaDuke

★ Wangari Maathai

★ Maria Mies

★ Vandana Shiva

★ Charlene Spretnak

★ Starhawk

Dissident feminists

★ Tammy Bruce

★ Jean Curthoys

★ Donna LaFramboise

★ Camille Paglia

★ Christina Hoff Sommers

★ Norah Vincent

★ Naomi Wolf

Individualist feminists

''For main article, see Individualist feminism''

★ Wendy Kaminer

★ Wendy McElroy

★ Carol Moore

★ Sharon Presley

★ Joan Kennedy Taylor

★ Cathy Young

Anarcha-feminists

''For main article, see: Anarcha-feminism''

★ Voltairine de Cleyre

★ Kathy Ferguson

★ Emma Goldman

★ Louise Michel

★ Charlotte Wilson

French feminists

''For main article, see French feminism''

★ Olympe Audouard

★ Hubertine Auclert

★ Marie Bashkirtseff

★ Simone de Beauvoir

★ Helene Cixous

★ Christine Delphy

★ Maria Deraismes

★ Marguerite Durand

★ Olympe de Gouges

★ Colette Guillaumin

★ Gyp

★ Luce Irigaray

★ Julia Kristeva

★ André Leo

★ Nicole-Claude Mathieu

★ Anais Nin

★ Madeleine Pelletier

★ Pauline Roland

★ Séverine

★ Paola Tabet

★ Flora Tristan

★ Eugenie Potonie-Pierre

★ Monique Wittig

Jewish feminists

Main articles: List of Jewish feminists

Lesbian feminists

''For main article, see: Lesbian feminism''

★ Jeffner Allen

★ Susan Cavin

★ Margaret Cruinshank

★ Mary Daly

★ Carol Ann Duffy

★ Andrea Dworkin

★ Marilyn Frye

★ Bertha Harris

★ Sarah L. Hoagland

★ Sheila Jeffreys

★ Sonia Johnson

★ Jill Johnston

★ Audre Lorde

★ Robin Morgan

★ Maricla Moyano

★ Julia Penelope

★ Janice Raymond

★ Adrienne Rich

★ Kathy Rudy

★ Ruth Simpson

★ Barbara Smith

★ Ailbhe Smyth

★ Urvashi Vaid

★ Susan Wolfe

★ Monique Wittig

★ Sande Zeig

Muslim feminists

''For main article, see Islamic feminism''

★ Leila Ahmed

★ Qasim Amin

★ Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah

★ Shirin Ebadi

★ Fatima Mernissi

★ Nawal el-Sadaawi

★ Huda Shaarawi

★ Kartini (Indonesian)

★ Irshad Manji

★ Asra Nomani

★ Azar Nafisi

★ Taslima Nasrin (secular but of Muslim origin)

★ Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim

Latina feminists

''See Feminist history in Latin America''

★ Gloria E. Anzaldúa

★ Cherrie Moraga-One of the most influential of all time.

★ Lydia Cacho

★ Ana Castillo

★ Christina Marie Farley- An influential feminist who used the metaphor of her cat muldoon to depict the amnesties of human origin.

★ Linda Martín Alcoff

Other feminists

★ Pamela Anderson, American currently working at the University of Oxford

★ Winifred Banks - Fictional feminist from ''Mary Poppins'' (movie version only)

★ Alan Alda U.S. Actor (M
★ A
★ S
★ H
★ , The West Wing) who campaigned extensively on behalf of Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970's and early 1980's.

★ Lois W. Banner, U.S. feminist, famous for writing the book which served as the basis for the commercially successful 1999 movie ''American Beauty'' (which helped bring feminist issues to a new generation)

★ Annie Besant

★ Kurt Cobain self-proclaimed feminist, in defense of the song "Rape Me", which he described as "anti-rape".

★ April Devine Graduate student studying at the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado.

★ Anti-Flag self proclaimed feminists. Have written songs about feminism including "Feminism is for Everyone (With a Beating Heart and Functioning Brain}

★ Flora Brovina

★ Liz Carpenter one of the founders of the National Women's Political Caucus

★ Cynthia Enloe feminist International Relations scholar

★ Betty Ford

★ Agnieszka Graff - Polish feminist and author

★ Aoua Keita

★ Gerda Lerner post-Marxist feminist

★ Tom Leykis - radio talk show host proclaims to be America's original modern feminist on his show.

★ Hilda Lini

★ Rosa Huber Canadian Feminist/Activist

★ Susan McClary

★ Erin McPhee infamous, self-proclaimed feminist

★ William Moulton Marston

★ Martha Nussbaum

★ Sylvia Plath author of The Bell Jar

★ Katha Pollitt, author of ''Reasonable Creatures''

★ Sarojini Sahoo (b. 1956) - Indian feminist writer, considered India's equivalent of Simone de Beauvoir; writes in Oriya language (Orissa state)

★ Thomas Sankara, author of ''Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle'' (1987 speech)

★ Ailbhe Smyth, Irish feminist activist, academic

★ J. Ann Tickner, feminist International Relations scholar

★ Frances Willard (1839–1898), an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist

★ Kazimiera Szczuka - Polish feminist, journalist and critic and theoretician of the literature

★ S.U.Zanne - Belgian Feminist (1838-1923)

Feminist allies

★ Jello Biafra, American punk rock musician and Green Party activist.

★ Hayao Miyazaki, Japanese anime director.

External links

★ National Women's History Project

★ FemBio - Notable Women International