(Redirected from List of fruits)Here are 'lists of fruits' considered edible in some
cuisines. The definition of fruit for these lists is a 'culinary fruit', i.e. "Any sweet, edible part of a plant that resembles fruit, even if it does not develop from a floral ovary; also used in a technically imprecise sense for some sweet or sweetish vegetables, such as rhubarb, that resemble a true fruit or are used in cookery as if they were a ." Note that many ''
true fruits'' are considered to be
vegetables in the
culinary sense (for example: the
tomato), and hence do not appear in this article. There exist also many fruits that are edible; however, for various reasons have not become popular. For inedible fruits, please see
list of inedible fruits.
Temperate fruits
Fruits of
temperate climates are almost universally borne on
trees or
woody shrubs or
lianas. They will not grow adequately in the
tropics, as they need a period of cold (a 'chilling requirement') each year before they will flower. The
apple,
pear,
cherry, and
plum are the most widely grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure prominently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list are gathered from the wild, just as they were in
Neolithic times.
Rosaceae family
The Family
Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae.
The
pome fruits:
Apples
★
Apple and crabapple (''
Malus'')
★
Chokeberry also called cooking apple (''
Aronia'')
★ Hawthorn (''
Crataegus'' and ''
Rhaphiolepis'')
★
Loquat (''Eryobotrya japonica'')
★
Medlar (''Mespilus germanica'')
★
Pear, European and Asian species (''Pyrus'')
★
Quince (''
Cydonia oblonga'' and ''
Chaenomeles'')
★
Rose hip, the fruitlike base of roses (''Rosa''); used mostly for
jams and
herbal tea
★
Rowan (''Sorbus'')
★
Service tree (''Sorbus domestica''), bears a fruit known as a sorb or sorb apple
★
Serviceberry or saskatoon (''Amelanchier'')
★
Shipova (''× Sorbopyrus auricularis'')
The stone fruits,
drupes of
genus ''
Prunus'':
★
Apricot (''Prunus armeniaca'' or ''Armeniaca vulgaris'')
★
Cherry, sweet, black, sour, and wild species (''Prunus avium'', ''Prunus serotina'', ''P. cerasus'', and others)
★
Chokecherry (''Prunus virginiana'')
★
Greengage, a cultivar of the plum
★ Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the
pluot,
aprium and
peacotum
★
Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its variant the
nectarine (''Prunus persica'')
★
Plum, of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried plums are called 'prunes'
Berries
In non-technical usage, '
berry' means any small fruit that can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The 'bramble fruits',
compound fruits of
genus ''
Rubus'' (blackberries), are some of the most popular pseudo-berries:
★
Blackberry, of which there are many species and hybrids, such as
dewberry,
boysenberry,
olallieberry and
loganberry (genus ''Rubus'')
★
Cloudberry (''Rubus chamaemorus'')
★
Loganberry (''Rubus loganobaccus'')
★
Raspberry, several species (genus ''Rubus'')
★
Salmonberry (''Rubus spectabilis'')
★
Thimbleberry (''Rubus parviflorus'')
★
Wineberry (''Rubus phoenicolasius'')
The true berries are dominated by the
family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the
subarctic:
★
Bearberry (''Arctostaphylos'' spp.)
★
Bilberry or whortleberry (''Vaccinium'' spp.)
★
Blueberry (''Vaccinium'' spp.)
★
Crowberry (''Empetrum'' spp.)
★
Cranberry (''Vaccinium'' spp.)
★
Huckleberry (''Vaccinium'' spp.)
★
Lingonberry (''Vaccinium vitis-idaea'')
★
Strawberry Tree (''Arbutus unedo''), not to be confused with the
Strawberry (''Fragaria'')
Other berries not in the Rosaceae or Ericaceae:
★
Açaí (''Euterpe''), a palm fruit native to the Amazon region
★
Barberry (''Berberis'';
Berberidaceae)
★
Currant (''Ribes'' spp.;
Grossulariaceae), red, black, and white types
★
Elderberry (''Sambucus'';
Caprifoliaceae)
★
Gooseberry (''Ribes'' spp.;
Grossulariaceae)
★
Hackberry (''Celtis'' spp.;
Cannabaceae)
★
Honeysuckle: the berries of ''some'' species (called 'honeyberries') are edible, others are poisonous (''Lonicera'' spp.;
Caprifoliaceae)
★
Mulberry (''Morus'' spp.;
Moraceae)
★
Mayapple (''Podophyllum'' spp.;
Berberidaceae)
★
Nannyberry or sheepberry (''Viburnum'' spp.;
Caprifoliaceae)
★
Oregon grape (''Mahonia aquifolium'';
Berberidaceae)
★
Sea-buckthorn (''Hippophae rhamnoides'';
Elaeagnaceae)
★
Sea Grape (''Coccoloba uvifera'';
Polygonaceae)
★
Wolfberry (''Lycium barbarum'', ''Lycium'' spp.;
Solanaceae)
Fruits of Asian origin
Some fruits native to
Asia or of Asian Origin.
★
Arhat (''Siraitia grosvenorii'';
Cucurbitaceae) Also called
longevity fruit
★
Che (''Cudrania tricuspidata'';
Moraceae) Also called Cudrania,
Chinese Mulberry,
Cudrang,
Mandarin Melon Berry,
Silkworm Thorn,
zhe
★
Goumi (''Elaeagnus multiflora ovata'';
Elaeagnaceae)
★
Hardy Kiwi (''
Actinidia arguta'')
★
Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry (''Actinidia'' spp.;
Actinidiaceae)
★
Lapsi (''Choerospondias axillaris Roxb.'')
★
Nungu
★
Persimmon (aka Sharon Fruit) (''Diospyros kaki'';
Ebenaceae)
★
Rhubarb (''Rheum rhaponticum'';
Polygonaceae)
★
Sageretia (''Sageretia theezans'';
Rhamnaceae) Also called
Mock Buckthorn
Fruits of North American origin
Some other fruits native to
North America that are eaten in a small way:
★ American
grape: North American species (e.g., ''Vitis labrusca'';
Vitaceae) and American-European hybrids are grown where grape (''Vitis vinifera'') is not hardy and are used as
rootstocks
★
American Mayapple (''Podophyllum peltatum'';
Berberidaceae)
★
American persimmon (''Diospyros virginiana'';
Ebenaceae)
★
Buffaloberry (''Shepherdia argenta'';
Elaeagnaceae), which grows wild in the prairies of
Canada
★
Cocoplum (''Chrysobalanus icaco'';
Chrysobalanaceae)
★
Cranberry (''Vaccinium oxycoccus'')
★
False-mastic (''Mastichodendron foetidissimum'';
Sapotaceae)
★
Ground Plum (''Astragalus caryocarpus'';
Fabaceae), also called
Ground-plum milk-vetch
★
Pawpaw (''Asimina triloba'';
Annonaceae, not to be confused with
Papaya (''Carica papaya'';
Caricaceae), which is called pawpaw in some English dialects)
★
Pigeon plum (''Coccoloba diversifolia'';
Polygonaceae)
★
Salal berry (''Gaultheria shallon'';
Ericaceae)
★
Salmonberry (''Rubus spectabilis'';
Rosaceae)
★
Saw Palmetto (''Serenoa repens'';
Ericaceae)
★ Texas
persimmon (''Diospyros texana'';
Ebenaceae)
★
Thimbleberry (''Rubus parviflorus'';
Rosaceae)
★
Toyon (''Heteromeles arbutifolia'';
Rosaceae)
Cacti and other succulents
Several
cacti yield edible fruits, which are important traditional foods for some
Native American peoples:
★
Cardón (''Pachycereus pringlei'';
Cactaceae)
★
Dragonfruit (''Hylocereus undatus'';
Cactaceae), also called
pitaya
★
Prickly pear (''Opuntia'' spp.;
Cactaceae)
★
Saguaro (''Carnegiea gigantea'';
Cactaceae)
★ numerous other species of cacti
Podocarps
Podocarps are conifers in the family
Podocarpaceae. The seed
cones are highly modified and, in some, the seed is surrounded by fleshy scale tissue, resembling a drupe. These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible "fruits" and often don't have a common name.
★
Kahikatea (''Dacrycarpus dacrydioides'')
★
Manoao (''Manoao colensoi'')
★
Nageia (''Nageia'' spp.)
★
Podocarpus (''Podocarpus'' spp.)
★
Prumnopitys (''Prumnopitys'' spp.)
★
Rimu (''Dacrydium cupressinum'')
Herbaceous annuals fruits
Melons and other members of Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae family
Some exceptions to the statement that temperate fruits grow on woody perennials are:
Watermelon
★
Gourds, including, but not limited to:
★
★
Butternut squash (''Cucurbita moschata'')
★
★
Cushaw squash (''Cucurbita mixta'')
★
★
Hubbard squash,
Buttercup squash (''Cucurbita maxima'')
★
★
Pumpkins,
Acorn squash,
Summer squash (''Cucurbita pepo'')
★
Horned melon (''Cucumis metuliferus'')
★
Melon (''Cucumis melo''):
cantaloupe,
galia, and other
muskmelons,
honeydew
★
Watermelon (''Citrullus vulgaris'')
Accessory fruits
The
accessory fruits, seed organs which are not botanically berries at all::
★
Raisin tree (''Hovenia dulcis'',
Rhamnaceae) Also called
Japanese Raisin Tree
★
Strawberry (''Fragaria'' spp.;
Rosaceae)
Mediterranean and subtropical fruits
Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable among these are natives of the
Mediterranean:
Grapes
★
Black mulberry (''Morus nigra'';
Moraceae)
★
Cornelian cherry (''Cornus mas'';
Cornaceae)
★
Date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'';
Arecaceae)
★
Fig (''Ficus'' spp.
Moraceae)
★
Grape, called
raisin,
sultana, or
currant when it is dried. (''Vitis'' spp.; Vitaceae)
★
Jujube (''Ziziphus zizyphus'';
Rhamnaceae)
★
Olive (''Olea europea'';
Oleaceae)
★
Pomegranate (''Punica granatum'';
Punicaceae)
★
Sycamore fig (''Ficus'' sycomorus.
Moraceae) also called
old world sycomore or just
sycomore.
In the important genus ''
Citrus'' (
Rutaceae), some members are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of commerce are somewhat hardy:
Lemon
★
Citron (''Citrus medica'')
★
Clementine (''Citrus reticulata'' var. Clementine),
★
Grapefruit (''Citrus paradisi'')
★ Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the
Orangelo,
Tangelo,
Rangpur and
Ugli fruit
★
Lemon (''Citrus limon'')
★
Limes
★
★
Key Lime (''Citrus aurantifolia'')
★
★
Persian lime Also known as tahiti lime.
★
★
Kaffir lime (''Citrus hystix'')
★
Mandarin (''Citrus reticulata''),
★
Orange, of which there are sweet (''Citrus sinensis'') and sour (''Citrus aurantium'') species
★
Pomelo (also known as the shaddock) (''Citrus maxima'')
★
Tangerine, and similar
:''See also:''
List of ''Citrus'' fruits
Other subtropical fruits:
★
Avocado (''Persea americana'';
Lauraceae)
★
Carob (''Ceratonia siliqua'';
Fabaceae)
★
Feijoa (''Feijoa sellowiana'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Guava (''Psidium guajava'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Kumquat (''Fortunella'' spp.;
Rutaceae)
★
Longan (''Euphoria longan'';
Sapindaceae)
★
Lúcuma (''Pouteria lucuma'';
Sapotaceae)
★
Lychee (''Litchi chinensis'';
Sapindaceae)
★
Passion fruit or
Grenadilla (''Passiflora edulis'' and other ''Passiflora'' spp.;
Passifloraceae) Galendar in some part of east India (Darjeeling)
★
Peanut (''Arachis hypogaea'';
Fabaceae)
★
Pond-apple (''Annona glabra'';
Annonaceae) Also called
Alligator-apple and
Monkey-apple
★
Strawberry guava (''Psidium litorale'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Tamarillo or
Tree Tomato (''Cyphomandra betacea'';
Solanaceae)
★
Ugni (''Ugni molinae'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Yangmei (''Myrica rubra'';
Myricaceae) Also called
Yamamomo,
Chinese Bayberry,
Japanese Bayberry,
Red Bayberry, or
Chinese strawberry tree
Tropical fruits
Tropical fruit grow on plants of all
habitats. The only characteristic that they share is an intolerance of frost.
Papayas
★
Acerola (''Malpighia glabra'';
Malpighiaceae), also called
West Indian Cherry or
Barbados Cherry
★
Ackee (''Blighia sapida'' or ''Cupania sapida'';
Sapindaceae)
★
African cherry orange (''Citropsis schweinfurthii'';
Rutaceae)
★
Amazon Grape (''Pourouma cecropiaefolia'';
Moraceae)
★
Araza
★
Avocado
★
Açaí (''Euterpe oleracea'';
Arecaceae), or assai
★
Babaco (''Carica pentagona'';
Caricaceae)
★
Bael (''Aegle marmelos'';
Rutaceae)
★
Banana (''Musacea'' spp.;
Musaceae); its starchy variant is the
plantain
★
Barbadine (granadilla; maracujá-açu in Portuguese)
★
Barbados Cherry (''Malpighia glabra L.'';
Malpighiaceae), also called
Acerola,
West Indian Cherry
★
Betel Nut
★
Bilimbi (''Averrhoa bilimbi'';
Oxalidaceae) Also called
cucumber tree or
tree sorrel
★
Biriba
★
Bitter gourd
★
Black sapote
★
Bottle gourd
★
Brazil nut
★
Breadfruit (''Artocarpus altilis'';
Moraceae)
★
Burmese grape (''Baccaurea sapida'';
Cucurbitaceae)
★
Calabash (''
Lagenaria siceraria'';
Bignoniaceae)
★
Calabashtree
★
CamuCamu (''Myrciaria dubia'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Canistel
★
Cape gooseberry
★
Carambola (''Averrhoa carambola'';
Oxalidaceae), also called
star fruit or ''five fingers''
★
Cashew
★
Cempedak or Champedak (''Artocarpus champeden'';
Moraceae)
★
Ceylon gooseberry
★
Chenet (
guinep or ackee; pitomba-das-Guinas in Portuguese)
★
Cherimoya (''Annona cherimola'';
Annonaceae)
★
Chili
★
Caimito (caimite; related to the yellow
abiu - egg fruit)
★
Cacao
★
Coconut (''Cocos'' spp.;
Arecaceae)
★
Coffee
★
Cupuaçu
★
Custard apple (''Annona reticulata'';
Annonaceae), also called ''Bullock's Heart''
★
Damson plum (''Chrysophyllum oliviforme'';
Sapotaceae), also called ''Satin Leaf''
★
Date
★
Date-plum (''Diospyros lotus'';
Ebenaceae)
★
Dragonfruit (''Hylocereus'' spp.;
Cactaceae), also called
pitaya
★
Durian (''Durio spp.'';
Bombacaceae)
★
Eggfruit (''Pouteria campechiana'';
Sapotaceae), also called
canistel or
yellow sapote
★
Elephant apple (''Dillenia indica'';
Dilleniaceae)
★
Giant granadilla
★
Golden Apple
★
Guarana (''Paullinia cupana'';
Sapindaceae)
★
Guava
★
Guavaberry or
Rumberry; (''Myrciaria floribunda'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Hog plum (taperebá in Portuguese)
★
Horned melon (''Cucumis metuliferus'';
Cucurbitaceae)
★
Huito (''
Genipa americana'';
Rubiaceae); also called ''jagua'', ''
genipap'',
jenipapo
★
Indian almond
★
Indian fig
★
Indian jujube
★
Indian Prune (''
Flacourtia rukan'';
Flacourtiaceae)
★
Jaboticaba (''Myrciaria cauliflora'';
Myrtaceae), also called
Brazilian Grape Tree
★
Jackfruit (''Artocarpus heterophyllus''
Moraceae), also called ''nangka''
★
Jambul (''Syzygium cumini'';
Myrtaceae)
★
Jatobá (''Hymenae coubaril'';
Leguminosae)
Caesalpinioideae)
★
Jocote, also called Jamaica Plum
★
Kandis (''
Garcinia forbesii'';
Clusiaceae)
★
Keppel fruit (''
Stelechocarpus burakol'';
Annonaceae)
★
Kumquat
★
Kundong (''
Garcinia sp.'';
Clusiaceae)
★
Lablab
★
Langsat (''Lansium domesticum''), also called
longkong or
duku
★
Lemon
★
Leucaena
★
Lime
★
Longan
★
Loquat
★
Lucuma
★
Lychee
★
Mabolo (''Diospyros discolor'';
Ebenaceae) also known as a
velvet persimmon
★
Macadamia
★
Mamey sapote (''Pouteria sapota'';
Sapotaceae); also known as ''mamee apple''; abricó in Portuguese
★
Mamoncillo (''Melicoccus bijugatus'';
Sapindaceae), also known as
quenepa,
genip or Fijian Longan
★
Mandarin
★
Mango (''Mangifera indica'';
Anacardiaceae)
★
Mangosteen (''Garcinia mangostana'';
Clusiaceae)
★
Marang (''Artocarpus odoratissima'';
Moraceae), a
breadfruit relative
★
Melinjo
★
Melon pear
★
Monstera (''Monstera deliciosa'';
Araceae) also called
Swiss Cheese Plant,
Split-leaf Philodendron
★
Morinda
★
Mountain soursop
★
Mundu
★
Mung bean
★
Muskmelon
★
Nance
★
Naranjilla,
Lulo (''Solanum quitoense'';
Solanaceae)
★
Nutmeg
★
Neem
★
Oil Palm
★
Okra
★
Papaya (''Carica papaya'';
Caricaceae)
★
Peach palm
★
Peanut butter fruit (''Bunchosia argentea'';
Malpighiaceae)
★
Pequi or Souari Nut (''Caryocar brasiliense'';
Caryocaraceae)
★
Pewa (
peach palm;
pupunha in Portuguese)
★
Pigeon pea
★
Pili nut
★
Pineapple (''Ananas comosus'' or ''Ananas sativas'';
Bromeliaceae)
★
Pitomba (''
Eugenia luschnathiana'' or ''
Talisia esculenta'')
★
Plantain
★
Poha or
Cape Gooseberry (''
Physalis peruviana'';
Solanaceae)
★
Pois doux (''
Inga edulis'', ''
ice-cream bean'', or ''
inga-cipó'' in Portuguese)
★
Poisonleaf (''
Dichapetalum cymosum'') (?)
★
Pommecythère or pomcité (''
Spondias cytherea''); also known as
golden apple,
June plum or
Jew plum and
ambarella, and as
cajamanga in Portuguese
★
Pommerac (''
Eugenia malaccensis''); also known as
Otaheite apple; Malay apple; jambo in Portuguese
★
Pummelo
★
Pupunha or peach-palm (''Bactris gasipaes'';
Palmae); also known as ''pewa''
★
Queensland nut
★
Rambutan (''Nephelium lappaceum'';
Sapindaceae)
★
Red Mombin (''Spondias purpurea'';
Anacardiaceae)
★
Riberry (''Syzygium luehmannii'';
Myrtaceae), also called
Lilly Pilly,
Lillipilli,
Chinese Apple
★
Ridged gourd
★
Salak (''Salacca edulis''), also called
snakefruit
★
Santol (''Sandoricum koetjape'';
Meliaceae)
★
Sapodilla (''Achras/Manilkara zapota'';
Sapotaceae), also called
chiku,
mespel,
naseberry,
sapadilla,
snake fruit,
sawo
★
Sea grape
★
Soncoya
★
Soursop (''Annona muricata'';
Annonaceae), also called
guanabana
★
Soybean
★
Star apple (''Chrysophyllum cainito''), also called
caimito or ''caimite''
★
Strawberry guava
★
Strawberry pear
★
Sugar apple (''Annona squamosa'';
Annonaceae); ata in Portuguese
★
Summer squash
★
Surinam Cherry (''Eugenia uniflora'';
Myrtaceae) also called
Brazilian Cherry,
Cayenne Cherry,
Pitanga
★
Sweet granadilla
★
Sweet orange
★
Sweet pepper
★
Sweetsop
★
Rose apple (''Syzygium jambos'';
Myrtaceae), also called
Malay apple
★
Tamarind (''Tamarindus indica'';
Caesalpiniaceae)
★
Vanilla
★
Water apple
★
Water melon
★
Wax apple (''Syzygium samarangense'')
★
Wax gourd
★
White sapote
★
Winged bean
Unsorted
★
Chocolate vine (''Akebia quinata'')
★
Elaeagnus angustifolia (''Russian olive'')
★
Garden Peach Tomato
★
Ice Plant (''Carpobrotus edulis'';
Aizoaceae)
★
Sythus Fagus (''Sythe'')
★
Taxus baccata (''Yew'') sweet red fruit with a highly toxic seed.
See also
★
List of edible seeds
★
List of culinary herbs and spices
★
List of culinary nuts
★
List of culinary vegetables
External links
★
Recipes - Martha Stewart
★
Fruits book
★
Citrus (Orange, Lemon, Lime, Grapefruit, Naartjie genus)
★
Fruits of Warm Climates
★
List of fruits
★
Rare Fruit Growers of California with
Common fruit names
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